Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The earliest known group of living organisms on Earth was
a. | viruses. | c. | bacteria. | b. | fungi. | d. | protists. |
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2.
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Bacteria and archaea are the only organisms characterized as
a. | unicellular. | c. | eukaryotic. | b. | prokaryotic. | d. | photosynthetic. |
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3.
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Bacteria can be classified according to their
a. | type of cell walls. | b. | methods of obtaining
energy. | c. | Gram-staining characteristics. | d. | All of the
above |
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4.
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Refer to the illustration above. Which of the organisms shown has the shape
called bacillus?
a. | organism 1 | c. | organism 3 | b. | organism 2 | d. | None of the
above |
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5.
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Refer to the illustration above. The shape represented by organism 3 is
called
a. | coccus. | c. | bacillus. | b. | spirillum. | d. | filamentous. |
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6.
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When tested with a Gram stain, Gram-positive bacteria are stained
a. | green. | c. | pink. | b. | yellow. | d. | purple. |
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7.
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Bacteria lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; therefore, they are
classified as
a. | prokaryotes. | c. | anaerobes. | b. | aerobes. | d. | eukaryotes. |
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8.
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The cytoplasm of bacteria
a. | contains numerous types of organelles. | b. | is divided into
compartments. | c. | has varying numbers of chromosomes, depending on the species of
bacteria. | d. | contains a single chromosome. |
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9.
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Which of the following comparisons is incorrect?
a. | smaller larger | b. | circular
chromosomes linear chromosomes | c. | binary
fission mitosis | d. | chloroplasts
mitochondria |
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10.
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One difference between human body cells and bacterial cells is that bacterial
cells have
a. | an outer cell wall made up of phosphates. | b. | a cell wall made up
of peptidoglycan. | c. | no DNA. | d. | no
ribosomes. |
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11.
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Structures found in a eukaryotic cell but not in a bacterial cell are
a. | cell nuclei. | b. | multiple chromosomes. | c. | membrane-bound
organelles. | d. | All of the above |
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12.
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Which of the following might be found in the cytoplasm of a bacterial
cell?
a. | chloroplasts | c. | mitochondria | b. | Golgi apparatus | d. | None of the
above |
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13.
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Bacterial cells
a. | have a cell wall only. | b. | have a cell membrane only. | c. | have both a cell
membrane and cell wall. | d. | have a cell wall inside their cell
membrane. |
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14.
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One thing that E. coli and other bacteria have in common with eukaryotes
is the presence of
a. | chloroplasts. | c. | nuclei. | b. | mitochondria. | d. | DNA. |
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15.
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Bacterial endospores
a. | occur where there is plenty of available food. | b. | allow certain
species to survive harsh environmental conditions. | c. | are similar to human
tumors. | d. | can cause growth abnormalities in plants. |
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16.
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Which of the following are used by at least some bacteria for movement?
a. | pili | b. | flagella | c. | cytoplasmic
projections | d. | All of the above |
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17.
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phototrophic bacteria : sunlight ::
a. | chemotrophic bacteria : dead organisms | b. | chemoautotrophic bacteria : inorganic
molecules | c. | photosynthesis : nitrification | d. | heterotrophic bacteria : inorganic
molecules |
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18.
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Which of the following conditions would be unsuitable for any kind of
bacteria to grow?
a. | temperature of 110ºC (230ºF) | b. | absence of oxygen | c. | pH of
5 | d. | None of the above |
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19.
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Prokaryotes can transfer pieces of genetic material in a process called
a. | binary fission. | c. | conjugation. | b. | mitosis. | d. | sexual
reproduction. |
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20.
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During the process of transduction
a. | a virus obtains DNA from a host bacterium. | b. | a bacterial cell
takes in DNA from the external environment. | c. | one bacterium transfers DNA to
another. | d. | two bacteria exchange DNA. |
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21.
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A pathogen is an agent that is
a. | beneficial to humans. | b. | harmful only to plants. | c. | harmful to living
organisms. | d. | nearly extinct. |
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22.
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Which of the following foods is not a fermentation product of
bacteria?
a. | sour cream | c. | milk | b. | a pickle | d. | yogurt |
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23.
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Antibiotics
a. | include penicillin and tetracycline. | b. | may prevent bacteria from making new cell
walls. | c. | can be effective treatments for bacterial diseases. | d. | All of the
above |
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24.
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All of the following are habitats of archaea except
a. | volcanic vents. | b. | intestinal tract of cows. | c. | salt
lakes. | d. | human skin. |
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25.
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Which of the following is not a way of preventing a foodborne illness at
home?
a. | washing kitchen utensils thoroughly in cold water | b. | keeping cooked and
raw foods separate during storage | c. | washing fresh fruits and vegetables before
eating them | d. | refrigerating leftovers promptly |
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Completion
Complete each
statement.
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26.
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A spiral bacterium is called a(n) ____________________.
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27.
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Spherical bacteria are called ____________________.
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28.
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Rod-shaped bacteria are called ____________________.
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29.
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The procedure used to distinguish between two types of bacterial cell wall
composition is called ____________________.
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30.
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Protective structures that some bacteria may form under harsh conditions are
____________________.
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31.
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The cell walls of bacteria are composed of a combination of polysaccharide and
polypeptide called ____________________.
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32.
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Bacteria that obtain their energy from inorganic molecules, rather than from the
sun, are called ____________________ bacteria.
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33.
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In general, organisms that obtain their energy from sunlight are called
____________________.
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34.
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Bacteria that get carbon from other organisms are called
____________________.
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35.
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A(n) ____________________ is a substance that can be obtained from bacteria or
fungi and can be used as a drug to fight pathogenic bacteria.
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36.
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Many bacteria are ____________________ and must have oxygen to live, whereas
other bacteria are ____________________ and cannot live where oxygen is present.
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37.
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Bacteria that can survive either with or without oxygen are called
_________________________.
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38.
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Archaea are more closely related to ____________________ than they are to
____________________.
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39.
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____________________ are poisons that can cause disease when bacteria secrete
them into their environment.
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40.
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The evolution of populations of pathogenic bacteria that antibiotics cannot kill
is called _________________________.
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