Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The outer protein coat of a virus is called a
a. | DNA core. | c. | bacteriophage. | b. | capsid. | d. | tail sheath. |
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2.
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All viruses are made of proteins and
a. | nucleic acids. | c. | bacteriophages. | b. | prophages. | d. | endospores. |
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3.
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A viral capsid functions to
a. | bind the virus to the surface of a host
cell. | b. | transcribe viral genes. | c. | force a host cell to make copies of the virus. | d. | destroy a host cell. |
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4.
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The instructions for making new copies of a virus
are
a. | a part of a virus’s capsid. | b. | coded in surface proteins attached to the protein coat. | c. | coded in either RNA or DNA. | d. | found only in
bacteriophages. |
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5.
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What is the basic structure of a virus?
a. | DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein
coat | b. | a capsid surrounded by a protein coat | c. | a tail sheath surrounded by tail fibers | d. | a tiny cell surrounded by a cell wall |
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6.
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Viruses
a. | are all about the same size. | b. | vary greatly in size and structure. | c. | rarely contain DNA or RNA. | d. | can be seen with a basic
compound light microscope. |
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7.
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Which of the following characteristics of living things is
NOT true about viruses?
a. | contain genetic material | c. | obtain and use
energy | b. | evolve over time | d. | able to
reproduce |
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8.
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A lytic infection concludes with the
a. | embedding of viral DNA into the host cell’s
DNA. | b. | production of a prophage. | c. | bursting of the host cell. | d. | production of messenger
RNA. |
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9.
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A prophage is made of
a. | bacteriophages. | c. | capsid
proteins. | b. | carbohydrates. | d. | viral
DNA. |
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10.
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Bacteriophages infect
a. | other viruses. | c. | any available
host cell. | b. | bacteria
only. | d. | cells undergoing the lytic cycle. |
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11.
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Unlike lytic viruses, lysogenic viruses do NOT
a. | inject their genetic material into the host
cell. | b. | enter the lytic cycle. | c. | lyse the host cell right away. | d. | infect host
cells. |
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12.
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During a lytic infection, the host cell is
a. | destroyed. | c. | copied many
times over. | b. | prepared for the lysogenic
cycle. | d. | all of the above |
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13.
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Which of the following is NOT a viral disease?
a. | botulism | c. | measles | b. | AIDS | d. | polio |
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14.
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Viral diseases can be
a. | treated with antibiotics and prevented with
vaccines. | b. | treated with vaccines and prevented with
antibiotics. | c. | prevented with antibiotics
but not treated with vaccines. | d. | prevented with vaccines but
not treated with antibiotics. |
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15.
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Plant viruses have a difficult time entering the cells they
infect partly because
a. | plant viruses are weaker than animal
viruses. | b. | plant cells have tough cell walls. | c. | many plant viruses are spread by insects. | d. | plant viruses do not have a protein coat. |
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16.
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Viruses cause disease by
a. | producing toxins that harm the body. | b. | reproducing independently inside the body. | c. | forming endospores in the body. | d. | disrupting the body’s
normal equilibrium. |
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17.
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Prions differ from viruses because
a. | prions do not cause disease. | c. | prions only infect plant cells. | b. | prions contain no DNA or
RNA. | d. | prions do not contain any protein. |
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18.
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We know viruses are not alive because they
a. | are made of cells. | c. | they are
autotrophic. | b. | make prions rather than
proteins. | d. | they are not made of cells. |
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19.
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The study of viruses is a part of biology because
viruses
a. | belong to the domain Archaea. | c. | are living organisms. | b. | are about to become
extinct. | d. | are active inside living cells. |
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20.
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A typical virus consists of a
a. | protein coat and a cytoplasm core. | b. | carbohydrate coat and a nucleic acid core. | c. | protein coat and a nucleic acid core. | d. | polysaccharide coat and a nucleic acid core. |
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21.
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Biologists now know that viruses
a. | are the smallest organisms. | b. | consist of a protein surrounded by a nucleic acid coat. | c. | contain RNA or DNA in a protein coat. | d. | all form the same crystalline shape. |
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22.
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Refer to the illustration above. Which structure represents
protein?
a. | structure B | c. | structure
D | b. | structure A | d. | structure
E |
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23.
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The function of a bacteriophage’s tail and tail fibers
is to inject
a. | viral protein into the host cell. | c. | glycoproteins into the host cell. | b. | viral enzymes into the host
cell. | d. | viral DNA into the host cell. |
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24.
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The capsid of a virus is the
a. | protective outer coat. | c. | nucleus. | b. | cell
membrane. | d. | cell wall and membrane complex. |
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25.
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A provirus is part of a virus’s
a. | lytic cycle. | c. | infection
cycle. | b. | conjugation cycle. | d. | lysogenic
cycle. |
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26.
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How is a lytic cycle different from a lysogenic
cycle?
a. | The host cell is destroyed in a lysogenic
cycle. | b. | The host cell is destroyed in a lytic
cycle. | c. | A provirus is formed during a lytic
cycle. | d. | A lytic cycle releases temperate
viruses. |
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27.
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A virulent virus is one that
a. | has only DNA. | b. | has only RNA. | c. | reproduces only with a
lysogenic cycle. | d. | reproduces only with a
lytic cycle. |
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28.
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In a lytic cycle, viral genetic material
a. | remains separate from the host cell’s
DNA. | b. | becomes part of the host cell’s
DNA. | c. | becomes a provirus. | d. | remains in the host cell permanently. |
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29.
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The cycle of viral infection, replication, and cell
destruction is called the virus’s
a. | lysogenic cycle. | c. | lytic
cycle. | b. | metabolic cycle. | d. | provirus
cycle. |
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30.
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Viroids are
a. | much smaller than viruses. | c. | misshapen
proteins. | b. | much larger than viruses. | d. | found in the
brain. |
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31.
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Prions
a. | always have a capsid. | c. | change the
shape of normal proteins. | b. | cause abnormal growth in
plants. | d. | are made of RNA. |
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