| Sponges |
| 1. |
From a diagram, identify the parts of a sponge (including the spongocoel, porocyte, epidermis, choanocyte, mesohyl, amoebocyte, osculum, and spicules) and describe the function of each. |
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Eumetazoa |
| 2. |
List the characteristics of the phylum Cnidaria that distinguish it from the other animal phyla. |
| 3. |
Describe the specialized cells that are found in Cnidarians. |
| 4. |
Describe the two basic body plans in Cnidaria and their role in Cnidarian life cycles. |
| 5. |
List the four classes of Cnidaria and distinguish among them based on life cycle and morphological characteristics. |
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Bilateria |
| 6. |
Distinguish between:
a. diploblastic and triploblastic development
b. acoelomates and coelomates
c. gastrovascular cavity and alimentary canal
d. protostome and deuterostome |
| 7. |
List the characteristics of the phylum Platyhelminthes that distinguish it from the other animal phyla. |
| 8. |
Distinguish among the four classes of Platyhelminthes and give examples of each. |
| 9. |
Describe the generalized life cycle of a trematode and give an example of one fluke that parasitizes humans. |
| 10. |
Explain how trematodes evade detection by the immune systems of their hosts. |
| 11. |
Describe the anatomy and generalized life cycle of a tapeworm. |
| 12. |
Describe unique features of rotifers that distinguish them from other pseudocoelomates. |
| 13. |
Define parthenogenesis and describe asexual forms of rotifer reproduction. |
| 14. |
Define lophophore and list three lophophorate phyla. |
| 15. |
List the distinguishing characteristics of the phylum Nemertea. |
| 16. |
Explain the relationship between nemerteans and flatworms. |
| 17. |
List the characteristics that distinguish the phylum Mollusca from the other animal phyla. |
| 18. |
Describe the basic body plan of a mollusc and explain how it has been modified in the Bivalvia, Cephalopoda, Gastropoda, and Polyplacophora. |
| 19. |
List the characteristics that distinguish the phylum Annelida from other animal phyla. |
| 20. |
Distinguish among the three classes of Annelida and give examples of each. |
| 21. |
Describe the adaptations that enable some leeches to feed on blood. |
| 22. |
List the characteristics of the phylum Nematoda that distinguish it from other wormlike animals. |
| 23. |
Give examples of both parasitic and free-living species of nematodes. |
| 24. |
List the characteristics of arthropods that distinguish them from the other animal phyla. List the three features that account for the success of this phylum. |
| 25. |
Describe advantages and disadvantages of an exoskeleton. |
| 26. |
Distinguish between hemocoel and coelom. |
| 27. |
Define and distinguish between the major arthropod lines of evolution represented by:
a. Cheliceriformes
b. Hexapoda
c. Crustacea
d. Myriapoda |
| 28. |
Describe three specialized features of spiders. |
| 29. |
Describe two features that may account for the great diversity of insects. |
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Deuterostomia |
| 30. |
List the characteristics of echinoderms that distinguish them from other animal phyla. |
| 31. |
Distinguish among the six classes of echinoderms and give examples of each. |
| 32. |
Explain why the phylum Chordata is included in a chapter on invertebrates. |
| 33. |
Describe the developmental similarities between echinoderms and chordates. |
