How Much of the MCAT Is Biochemistry?

MCAT Biochemistry

In this brief guide, we are going to answer the question “How much of the MCAT is biochemistry?” We will introduce you to each of the MCAT sections, the main concepts you will need to learn, and some tips for studying biochemistry.

How Much of the MCAT is Biochemistry?

Biochemistry comprises approximately 25% of the MCAT, with 25 to 35 questions covering biochemistry in two of the four sections of the exam.

The Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) is a standardized test administered to individuals who wish to attend medical school in the United States. Almost all American medical schools require MCAT scores from applicants interested in pursuing careers as physicians.

Therefore, the MCAT is an extremely important exam, and both schools and applicants take it seriously. Members of the Association of American Medical Colleges and the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine require MCAT scores from their applicants.

The history of the MCAT is quite long. MCAT Test preparation administrations began in the 1920s when standardized intelligence tests became immensely popular in the United States. Medical school administrators were concerned about the high dropout rate among medical students and decided to design a standardized test to assess readiness for medical school.

Dropout rates dropped dramatically after the implementation of this standardized test, and most medical schools adopted it as part of their admissions process.

The MCAT content assesses several areas. The first, of course, is the basic knowledge of the physical sciences and biology. The test also evaluates the applicant’s analytical and critical thinking skills, presenting various passages and arguments that the examinee must analyze during the test.

The MCAT also assesses reading comprehension and communication skills, which are vital for clinicians.

The modern MCAT is a computerized test, although it is not adaptive like the Graduate Record Examination (GRE). This means that examinees can return to a section once they have completed it, as the questions are set and static.

The MCAT takes around five hours to complete, including breaks, and is administered in secure testing centers so applicants have quiet, distraction-free spaces to work.

MCAT Sections

There are four sections on the MCAT. The first tests the applicant’s knowledge of the physical sciences and also challenges the applicant to use their problem-solving skills.

The Verbal Reasoning section, Part Two, provides passages for test-takers to read and analyze, followed by a series of multiple-choice questions that test the applicant’s ability to comprehend and synthesize information. For those looking for additional support, a college paper writing service can help improve writing and analytical skills. 

The third section is a writing sample, in which the applicant responds to two short prompts that assess their communication skills and logical thinking. Finally, the life sciences section covers basic topics in biology.

Chemical + Physical Foundations of Biological Systems

The first section of the MCAT focuses on the physical sciences, specifically general chemistry and physics. It covers content in the following proportions:

30% General Chemistry

25% Biochemistry

25% Physics

15% Organic Chemistry

5% Biology

This section lasts 95 minutes and includes 15 standalone questions and 10 passages, each followed by 4 to 7 questions. To prepare for the chemistry portion, examinees need a strong grasp of the periodic table, chemical processes, and molecular bonding. The physics portion requires understanding fundamental physical laws and concepts such as motion, energy, light, and atomic structure.

Critical Analysis + Reasoning Skills

The CARS section is significantly more challenging than SAT-style reading comprehension and the verbal section of the old exams. This section covers:

50% humanities

50% social science

You are not required to have any outside knowledge; everything you need to know to answer the questions will be provided in the passages. You will have a total of 90 minutes to work through nine passages with a total of 53 questions.  If you’re struggling with essay writing as part of your test preparation, a paper writing service can help you improve your skills. 

In this section, no specific factual knowledge is required. Rather, the questions are designed to test reading comprehension, critical and logical thinking, and analytical skills. In general, test takers prepare for this section of the MCAT primarily by taking practice exams.

Biological + Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems

This section covers:

65% Biology

25% Biochemistry

5% General Chemistry

5% Organic Chemistry

As with the first science section, you’ll have 95 minutes to answer 15 discrete questions and 10 passages with 4 to 7 questions each. The topics in this section vary widely, from enzyme structure to evolution. Test-takers require a thorough understanding of molecular biology, including the structure and function of DNA, as well as microbiology, including the characteristics of viral, bacterial, and eukaryotic cells.

In addition, examinees should be familiar with all major biological systems of larger animals. Finally, organic chemistry topics range from covalent bonds to the characteristics of biological molecules.

MCAT Scores

Each section of the MCAT allows a student to score between a minimum of 118 points and a maximum of 132 points. For the total sum of the four sections, a student can achieve a score ranging from a minimum of 472 to a maximum of 528.

You may have heard scores like 23 or 31 mentioned in the past. However, it’s important to clarify that these scores were used before the MCAT underwent its most recent change in 2015. Currently, all students applying to medical school are doing so with the new scoring system.

What is considered a good GMAT score?

The average for the total MCAT score is 510-511.

The average total MCAT score is 510-511. However, for the most accurate estimate, you should check directly with the programs. Especially for those who must juggle the MCAT alongside other jobs, it helps to know how much effort and time to put into preparing for the exam.

Here are some important questions to consider before beginning your research.

What MCAT Scores Do You Need for Acceptance?

To determine the MCAT score you need, it’s essential to have a target score in mind. Start by contacting the admissions office of the medical schools you’re interested in to request their preferred cutoff score. If the school doesn’t provide a specific cutoff, you can find the average GPA and MCAT scores for accepted students here.

Keep in mind that some schools may use your MCAT scores for course placement or scholarship decisions. In such cases, aiming for a score higher than the minimum requirement may increase your chances of receiving additional benefits.

How can I prepare for the MCAT?

To excel on the MCAT® Biology exam, start by gathering detailed information about the test. This knowledge will help you craft an effective study plan. The MCAT is a standardized exam with primarily multiple-choice questions. Besides biology concepts, it also assesses your understanding of physical sciences, verbal reasoning skills, and writing abilities. There are many MCAT preparation courses available online and in person.

Exploring the Biochemistry Section

For specific details about the MCAT biochemistry section, visit the Association of American Medical Colleges website. The site provides a comprehensive overview of the content covered in the biology and chemistry sections of the MCAT.

Importance of Early Preparation

A high score on the MCAT can significantly enhance your chances of getting accepted into your desired medical school. Therefore, it is beneficial to begin your study preparation early. Many experts recommend starting at least three months before the exam date.

Additionally, if you find yourself struggling with other academic tasks, you might consider using an online paper writing service to help manage your workload. Dedicating substantial study time each day can ensure thorough preparation, allowing you to cover all necessary concepts and avoid last-minute cramming, which is generally ineffective for achieving a high score.

Utilizing Study Guides and Practice Tests

Consider obtaining a copy of the Official MCAT Exam Guide, available on the Association of American Medical Colleges website. This guide contains content and questions similar to those on the actual MCAT, along with answers and detailed explanations. It also offers tips for answering questions correctly and insights into how a strong MCAT score can impact medical school acceptance.

Practice tests are an essential tool for preparing for the MCAT® Biology section. The Association of American Medical Colleges website offers practice tests, and additional tests can be found on other preparatory websites and in study guides. If you opt for an MCAT® Biochemistry Prep course, practice tests, and expert commentary are often included in the package.

8 Websites with the Best AP Practice Exams

 High school is a challenging time in everyone’s life. And for students enrolled in AP courses, the end of the year is particularly challenging. As high-achieving students gear up for long exams that offer the potential for early college credit, many students are searching high and low for reliable study materials.

One favorite way to practice for an important exam is by taking practice exams. But finding high-quality AP practice exams is challenging. That’s why we curated this list of websites for you. Whether you’re looking for AP Biology practice exams or one for AP Art History, these websites will help you in your quest for a good score.

Why You Should Take a Practice Exam

The best way to gauge how ready you are for an exam is by taking a practice test. While its best to drill yourself with a wide variety of study materials throughout the year, use of a full-length practice test will help you to prepare for the exam in a whole new way. In addition to helping you study, taking a practice exam can offer the following benefits:

  • Enables you to acclimate to the test format.
  • Relieves unwanted test anxiety.
  • Familiarizes you with test content.
  • Offers an opportunity to customize your study plan.
  • Gives testers a sense of readiness.

Practice exams are a helpful tool for getting yourself in tip-top test shape. But don’t forget to apply the knowledge you gain from taking practice tests. For example, if you come across the material in the practice test that you don’t understand, bring it up with your teacher as soon as possible.

girl studying

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Below you’ll find a list of websites that offer AP practice exams in one format or another. Not all of them provide full-length tests, but all of them will help you get ready for your AP exams. Keep in mind, that AP tests are different each year and the practice questions you find online won’t necessarily be the ones you encounter on your exam.

8 Websites with the Best AP Practice Exams

College Board

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If you’re looking for a good starting place when it comes to mastering an AP exam, start with the official College Board website. There are many useful resources available on this website for students who are preparing for any of the AP Exams. In addition to study materials, the College Board website provides all of the information students need about the AP exams.

In addition to general information about each of the AP exams, the College Board website also offers sample questions for curious students. While a limited number of multiple choice sample questions are provided, a wide array of free response questions are typically available. Also, you’ll find a handful of student responses for comparison.

While this website doesn’t provide full-length practice exams, it is a great starting place. College Board is the official company behind all of the AP exams, and therefore the study materials they provide will be most like the AP tests.

APPracticeExams.com

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This website is an all-purpose study site from students preparing for AP exams. From AP Biology practice exams to class notes on Statistics, this website has a little something for everyone. It’s also worth noting that all of the resources on this web page are provided free of charge.

Unlike some websites that maintain their database of practice materials, AP Practice Exams provides links to the best free AP practice exams online. Students love using this site because it is easy to navigate and understand. Parents like this website because all of the materials are free.

While you can find a lot of resources through this web page, it does have its limitations. More specifically, the site is not backed by any testing or tutoring service. This drawback means that you’re on your own with the resources provided. However, for those who are self-driven, this site can be a treasure trove of information.

Also, it’s worth noting that the website is very low-key and doesn’t feature many stunning visual features or modern conventions. However, because the resources are all free, it’s a good option for many.

Albert

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Albert is a study and test-prep website designed to help students get the most out of the learning experience. Unlike the sites already mentioned above, the resources available through this website are not free of charge. However, they do offer a comprehensive program for preparing for many of the AP exams.

Pricing for the materials on this website varies by subject area, but for the most part, you can expect it to be relatively affordable. Unfortunately, it doesn’t seem that there are any concessions made for students who can’t afford the costs associated with using Albert.

Albert provides a variety of study materials including practice multiple choice questions, practice free response questions, and at least one full-length practice exam. Additionally, there are numerous study tips and testing tricks to help students make the most of test day. Albert also offers an overview of the core concepts that are tested in each subject.

This website features an attractive and easy-to-use interface that simplifies the study process. However, the fact that you must pay to use these study materials means that many students won’t be able to take advantage of this program. All in all, this is a good website for students whose parents have a little extra cash to spare.

Get A Five

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Get A Five is a web-based tutoring program that is available to students and teachers free of charge. However, unlike some other websites, this one is somewhat limited in scope. But, if your AP class is available, we highly recommend taking advantage of this valuable resource.

Unlike other programs, Get A Five offers a virtual study room, a diagnostic test, practice tests, and video-based lessons. Each program available in this online resource is customized to provide users with the ultimate learning experience.

Despite being limited to the few materials available, this website is an excellent resource for AP students in the classes offered. And, for a small fee, you can have your practice free response questions hand graded. We love that this resource doesn’t cost anything to use, but provides excellent value nonetheless.

Get A Five currently offers four courses for students preparing for the AP exam period. The subjects offered include AP Calculus AB, AP Biology, AP US History, and AP World History. While this selection is limited, it’s worth checking back from time to time to see if new courses become available later on.

High School Test Prep

Highschooltestprep

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High School Test Prep is another free resource available for students preparing to take an AP exam. The materials available on this website are relatively limited but can prepare you for the general idea of how the test will be. However, it’s worth noting that this resource does not provide full-length exams. Also, it only covers multiple choice questions.

To help students understand the subject area they are testing over, each multiple choice question on this website gives a brief explanation of the correct answer. And while we wouldn’t recommend relying on this website alone, it serves as an excellent way to see where you stand.

After reviewing the materials on this website, you’ll be better prepared to formulate a study plan that will adequately prepare you for your upcoming test. Once you’ve studied the areas that are more difficult for you, use one or more of the other resources listed here to prepare yourself even more.

Study.com

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Study.com offers students a variety of materials for preparing for several different AP exams. They even provide several short practice exams to help you evaluate where you stand concerning the test you’ll be taking later in the school year.

In addition to the short practice tests they offer, study.com also offers test prep services. However, it’s worth noting that these services are not free of charge. Information on pricing is not disclosed without starting a “free trial” so explore these options carefully.

We like that there are several free practice tests available, but the lack of clarity when it comes to plans and pricing seems a bit dubious. Still, if you’re willing to spend a little money, it may be worth it to explore this option.

If you feel that you still need extra practice after thoroughly searching through these websites, consider visiting your local library. There, you may find practice books that contain additional practice questions or exams.

Keep in mind, not all study resources are free, and you should be extremely cautious when choosing how to spend your extra money. Also, always use caution when you have to input a credit card number online. And never purchase online materials without your parent’s permission.

With the resources listed above, you should be well on your way to finding the practice exam that’s right for you. Also, don’t forget that practice exams are only part of the study equation. Remember to brush up on necessary vocabulary and time management strategies as well.

Introduction to Biology Quiz

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Introduction to Biology
 

1. Ultimately, all scientific knowledge comes from:
experimentation
observation
textbooks
both experimentation & observation

2. A hypothesis must be:
proven correct
testable
observed
experimental

3. A scientist testing the affects of a chemical on apple yeild sprays an orchard with the chemical. A second orchard does not receive the chemical. In the fall, the number of apples harvested from each forest is counted. Which of the following is the independent variable in the experiment?
the chemical
the number of apples
the first orchard
the second orchard

4. The orchard sprayed with the chemical yeilds an average of 60 apples per tree, the other orchard yields an average of 40 apples per tree. Based on the data, the scientist would:
report his data
test the chemical on other plants
determine that the chemical increases apple yield
determine that the results were inconclusive

5. In order for the apple tree experiment to be valid scientifically, both orchards must:
receive the same amount of sunlight
receive the same amount of water
have the same species of apple tree
all of these

6. Theories help scientists to:
explain large bodies of data
prove hypotheses
determine truth from lies
propose new ideas about how the world works

7. If a theory is challenged by new evidence, which of the following could occur?
the theory could be altered
the theory is accepted, not the evidence
the evidence is wrong
a vote is taken on whether to accept the new evidence

8. All living things must:
move
have two parents
eat food
maintain homeostasis

9. The mechanism by which evolution occurs is called:
creationism
natural selection
interdependence
metabolism

10. The smallest unit capable of carrying out life functions is:
a cell
tissue
DNA
blood

Score =
Correct answers:

Protein Synthesis Study Guide

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Protein Synthesis Study Guide

 

 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 1.
What did Griffith observe when he injected into mice a mixture of heat-killed disease-causing bacteria and live harmless bacteria?
a.
The disease-causing bacteria changed into harmless bacteria.
b.
The mice developed pneumonia.
c.
The harmless bacteria died.
d.
The mice were unaffected.
 2.
Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
a.
ribose + phosphate group + thymine
b.
ribose + phosphate group + uracil
c.
deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil
d.
deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
 3.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a.
each with two new strands.
b.
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands.
c.
each with one new strand and one original strand.
d.
each with two original strands.
 4.
During mitosis, the
a.
DNA molecules unwind.
b.
histones and DNA molecules separate.
c.
DNA molecules become more tightly coiled.
d.
nucleosomes become less tightly packed.
 5.
Unlike DNA, RNA contains
a.
adenine.
c.
phosphate groups.
b.
uracil.
d.
thymine.
 6.
Which type(s) of RNA is(are) involved in protein synthesis?
a.
transfer RNA only
b.
messenger RNA only
c.
ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA only
d.
messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA
 7.
During transcription, an RNA molecule is formed
a.
that is complementary to both strands of DNA.
b.
that is complementary to neither strand of DNA.
c.
that is double-stranded.
d.
inside the nucleus.
 8.
How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids?
a.
3
c.
9
b.
6
d.
12
 9.
Which of the following terms is LEAST closely related to the others?
a.
intron
c.
polypeptide
b.
tRNA
d.
anticodon
 10.
Which type of RNA functions as a blueprint of the genetic code?
a.
rRNA
c.
mRNA
b.
tRNA
d.
RNA polymerase
 11.
Which of the following is NOT a gene mutation?
a.
inversion
c.
deletion
b.
insertion
d.
substitution
 12.
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a.
Mutations do not occur in hox genes.
b.
Hox genes that are found in different animals are very different from each other.
c.
Hox genes control the normal development of an animal.
d.
Hox genes occur in clusters.
 13.
Avery’s experiments showed that bacteria are transformed by
a.
RNA.
c.
proteins.
b.
DNA.
d.
carbohydrates.
 14.

Figure 12-5 shows the structure of a(an)

mc014-1.jpg

 

Figure 12–5

a.
DNA molecule.
c.
RNA molecule.
b.
amino acid.
d.
protein.
 15.
DNA is copied during a process called
a.
replication.
c.
transcription.
b.
translation.
d.
transformation.
 16.
In eukaryotes, DNA
a.
is located in the nucleus.
c.
is located in the ribosomes.
b.
floats freely in the cytoplasm.
d.
is circular.
 17.
RNA contains the sugar
a.
ribose.
c.
glucose.
b.
deoxyribose.
d.
lactose.
 18.
Which RNA molecule carries amino acids?
a.
messenger RNA
c.
ribosomal RNA
b.
transfer RNA
d.
RNA polymerase
 19.
What is produced during transcription?
a.
RNA molecules
c.
RNA polymerase
b.
DNA molecules
d.
proteins
 20.

What does Figure 12-6 show?

mc020-1.jpg

Figure 12-6

a.
anticodons
b.
the order in which amino acids are linked
c.
the code for splicing mRNA
d.
the genetic code
 21.
What happens during the process of translation?
a.
Messenger RNA is made from DNA.
b.
The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.
c.
Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNA.
d.
Copies of DNA molecules are made.
 22.
Genes contain instructions for assembling
a.
purines.
c.
proteins.
b.
nucleosomes.
d.
pyrimidines.
 23.
A mutation that involves a single nucleotide is called a(an)
a.
chromosomal mutation.
c.
point mutation.
b.
inversion.
d.
translocation.
 

Completion
Complete each statement.
 24.

The structure labeled X in Figure 12-1 is a(an) ____________________.

co024-1.jpg

 

Figure 12–1

 25.
The order of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines the order of ____________________ in proteins.

 26.
There is no ____________________ that is specified by a stop codon on an mRNA molecule.

 27.
The lac repressor releases the operator in the presence of ____________________.

 28.
In eukaryotes, proteins that attract RNA polymerase bind to ____________________ sequences in DNA.

 29.
According to the principle of ____________________, hydrogen bonds can form only between adenine and thymine, and between guanine and cytosine.

 30.
Chromatin contains proteins called ____________________.

 31.

In Figure 12-7, A, B, and C are three types of ____________________.

co031-1.jpg

 

Figure 12–7

 32.
After introns are cut out of an RNA molecule, the remaining ____________________ are spliced back together to form the final messenger RNA.

 33.
A mutation in a series of genes, called the ____________________, can change the organs that develop in specific parts of an embryo.

 

Short Answer
 34.
At the beginning of DNA replication, what two processes “unzip” the two strands of a DNA molecule?

 35.

In Figure 12-2, which molecule is tRNA, and what is its function?

sa035-1.jpg

 

Figure 12–2

 36.

According to Figure 12-3, what codons specify the amino acid arginine?

sa036-1.jpg

 

Figure 12–3

 37.
What happens to lac repressors in E. coli when lactose is present?

 38.
What are the three main parts of an RNA nucleotide?

 39.
What must happen to a DNA molecule before RNA polymerase can make RNA?

 40.
What causes translation to stop?

 41.
What is a mutation?

 

Essay
 42.
Describe the structure of a DNA molecule.

 43.
Contrast the functions of the three main types of RNA.

 

Other

USING SCIENCE SKILLS

nar001-1.jpg

 

Figure 12–4

 44.
Interpreting Graphics What process is illustrated in Figure 12-4?

 45.
Interpreting Graphics Identify structure C in Figure 12-4.

 46.
Interpreting Graphics Which labeled structure in Figure 12-4 is a codon?

 47.
Inferring What is the relationship between the codons and anticodons in Figure 12-4? How is this relationship important?

 48.
Predicting In Figure 12-4, what will happen after the ribosome joins the methionine and phenylalanine?

USING SCIENCE SKILLS

nar002-1.jpg

Figure 12–8

 49.
Classifying What general type of mutation results from processes A, B, C, and D in Figure 12-8?

 50.
Interpreting Graphics In Figure 12-8, which process or processes involve two chromosomes?

 51.
Comparing and Contrasting Contrast process A and process B in Figure 12-8.

 52.
Interpreting Graphics During which process in Figure 12-8 does a segment of a chromosome become oriented in the reverse direction?

 53.
Interpreting Graphics In Figure 12-8, which process produces two chromosomes with translocations?

 

Check Your Work     Start Over

Chapter 1 Introduction Study Guide

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Chapter 1 Introduction Study Guide

 

 

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.  If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
 1.
Accepting ideas is the cornerstone of scientific thought. _________________________


 2.
Skepticism is a habit of mind in which a person accepts the validity of accepted ideas. _________________________


 3.
The law of gravity and the law of conservation of energy are national laws. _________________________


 4.
Scientific investigations require ethical behavior. _________________________


 5.
Most scientific investigations begin with observations that lead to universal laws. _________________________


 6.
A hypothesis is a possible explanation that can be tested by observation or experimentation. _________________________


 7.
The control group and the experimental group are identical except for one variable. _________________________


 8.
A hypothesis is a general explanation for a broad range of data. _________________________


 9.
International System of Units (SI) is the official name of the metric system. _________________________


 10.
A centimeter is equal to 10 millimeters. _________________________


 11.
Light and electron autoclaves help magnify objects. _________________________


 12.
A technique is a way of doing something. _________________________


 13.
In the event of a lab accident, one thing you should always do is remain calm. _________________________


 14.
Biology is the study of nonliving things. _________________________


 15.
A student who wants to study bacteria would take microbiology classes. _________________________


 16.
Reproduction insures ongoing generations of both one-celled organisms and frogs. _________________________


 17.
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment in spite of changes in the external environment. _________________________


 18.
The bacterium that causes cholera is an example of a pathogen. _________________________


 19.
Scientists discovered that predicting the spread of cholera involves understanding reproductive behavior of plankton. _________________________


 20.
The study of all the factors in the spread of cholera in human populations is an example of ecology. _________________________


 21.
Scientists in the 21st century are better able to prevent disease because of their improved understanding of biology. _________________________


 22.
The completion of the Human Genome Project was one minor contribution to the ability to cure disease. _________________________


 23.
Scientists expect people to live longer lives because of advances in the science of biology. _________________________


 24.
The application of technology to medicine has greatly increased the ability of people to live healthy lives. _________________________


 25.
Genetic engineering is the only practical application of biotechnology. _________________________


 26.
Genetic engineering is widely used in agriculture to produce crops that are pest-resistant. _________________________


 27.
Surrounding a drug compound with a layer of atoms that allows for the slow release of the drug is an example of genetic engineering. _________________________


 28.
Making a new kind of fastener modeled on the way an aquatic animal fastens onto rocks on the ocean floor is an example of nanotechnology. _________________________


 29.
Biometrics involves analyzing large amounts of data on biological characteristics. _________________________


 30.
Unique genetic traits, such as hair color, are the most important source of data for biometrics. _________________________


 31.
Advances in biotechnology have been slowed by ethical concerns. _________________________


 32.
The ethics of different kinds of biotechnology will be decided by individuals and scientists. _________________________


 33.
One good way to protect the environment is to learn more about it. _________________________


 34.
Environmental science involves neither the study of organisms nor their physical surroundings. _________________________


 35.
One reason that wildlife biologists collect DNA samples from endangered species is the hope that these species can be cloned if they become extinct. _________________________


 36.
Genetic engineering is used to track the movements of animals in the wild. _________________________


 37.
Community environmental groups make problems for environmental research. _________________________


 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 38.
Which of the following do scientists not use to support ideas?
a.
opinions
c.
experiments
b.
evidence
d.
investigations
 39.
Which of the following applies to all branches of science?
a.
cell organization
c.
gravity
b.
earthquakes
d.
reproduction
 40.
Which of the following is unethical behavior in scientific investigations?
a.
allowing peers to review investigations
b.
following guidelines for medical experiments
c.
reporting inaccurate data
d.
basing investigations on someone else’s work
 41.
Scientific thinking can be used
a.
only by scientists.
c.
by all living things.
b.
only in experiments.
d.
by everyone in daily life.
 42.
A scientist noticed that the number of salamanders in ponds in the Rocky Mountains was declining. This was a(n)
a.
hypothesis.
c.
observation.
b.
theory.
d.
control.
 43.
A hypothesis is a
a.
definite answer to a given problem.
b.
testable possible explanation of an observation.
c.
proven statement.
d.
concluding statement.
 44.
observation : hypothesis ::
a.
theory : observation
c.
certainty : prediction
b.
guess : hypothesis
d.
hypothesis : investigation
 45.
Most typically, the order in which the steps of scientific investigations are applied is
a.
controlled experiment, hypothesis, analysis of results, observations, questions, conclusions.
b.
observations, controlled experiment, hypothesis, analysis of results, conclusions, questions.
c.
observations, questions, hypothesis, controlled experiment, analysis of results, conclusions.
d.
questions, observations, analysis of results, controlled experiment, conclusions, hypothesis.
 46.
If experiments are not possible or ethical, scientists
a.
cannot test a hypothesis.
b.
test more than one variable at a time.
c.
do not use a control group.
d.
look for connections in data gathered.
 47.
Scientific hypotheses are most often tested by the process of
a.
communicating.
c.
experimenting.
b.
inferring.
d.
analyzing data.
 48.
A planned procedure to test a hypothesis is called a(n)
a.
prediction.
c.
control.
b.
experiment.
d.
variable.
 49.
The variable that is measured in an experiment is the _____ variable.
a.
dependent
c.
control
b.
independent
d.
experimental
 50.
A general explanation for a broad range of data is called a
a.
hypothesis.
c.
prediction.
b.
theory.
d.
controlled experiment.
 51.
A scientific theory is
a.
absolutely certain and never questioned.
b.
unchangeable.
c.
revised as new evidence is presented.
d.
a controlled experiment.
 52.
Scientists build theories from many
a.
experiments that support hypotheses.
b.
hypotheses that are rejected.
c.
experiments with different variables.
d.
untested ideas.
 53.
The metric system of measurement is based on powers of
a.
1.
c.
100.
b.
10.
d.
1000.
 54.
A specialized tool used to magnify organisms so that they can be observed is a
a.
pipet.
c.
satellite.
b.
microscope.
d.
laminar-flow hood.
 55.
Which of the following would scientists use to prevent contamination in an experiment?
a.
electron microscope
c.
remote collection of data
b.
light microscope
d.
sterile technique
 56.
Which of the following is the most recent tool available to scientists?
a.
remote tracking devices
c.
autoclaves
b.
microscopes
d.
sterilized pipets
 57.
You can work safely in the science lab by
a.
taking shortcuts in procedures.
b.
waiting until the end of experiments to clean area.
c.
estimating measurements of chemicals.
d.
following all instructions.
 58.
All of the following are important for working safely in a science laboratory except
a.
tasting chemicals.
c.
working cautiously.
b.
measuring chemicals precisely.
d.
wearing safety goggles.
 59.
Biology is the study of
a.
life.
c.
weather.
b.
minerals.
d.
energy.
 60.
The branch of biology that is the study of the human body is
a.
ecology.
c.
cell biology.
b.
evolutionary theory.
d.
physiology.
 61.
Which of the following is not one of the seven properties of life?
a.
metabolism
c.
responsiveness
b.
homeostasis
d.
photosynthesis
 62.
As a characteristic of all living things, homeostasis relates most directly to which of the following biological themes?
a.
interacting systems
c.
stability
b.
scale and structure
d.
evolution
 63.
chemical reactions : metabolism ::
a.
cells : an organism
c.
reproduction : living
b.
heredity : homeostasis
d.
experimentation : observation
 64.
All living things maintain a balance within their cells and with the environment through the process of
a.
growth.
c.
homeostasis.
b.
development.
d.
evolution.
 65.
The energy that drives metabolism in animals comes from
a.
homeostasis.
c.
water.
b.
food.
d.
heredity.
 66.
Children tend to resemble their parents due to
a.
heredity.
c.
metabolism.
b.
responsiveness.
d.
homeostasis.
 67.
A field of sunflowers facing the sun is an example of
a.
metabolism.
c.
responsiveness.
b.
growth.
d.
heredity.
 68.
The changes in human babies during their first year of life is an example of
a.
heredity.
c.
evolution.
b.
responsiveness.
d.
development.
 69.
Filtering contaminated water through a sari is
a.
an ineffective way to reduce cases of cholera.
b.
the best way to prevent the spread of cholera.
c.
a low-tech solution to reducing cases of cholera.
d.
another factor that causes cholera to spread rapidly.
 70.
All of the following should be researched in studying the epidemiology of waterborne diseases except the
a.
genomes of the pathogens.
b.
habitat of pathogens.
c.
food chain of the pathogens.
d.
environmental factors that affect pathogens.
 71.
One of the most important tools in preventing the spread of disease is
a.
computer modeling.
c.
genetic engineering.
b.
DNA fingerprinting.
d.
giving vaccinations.
 72.
computer modeling : epidemiology ::
a.
genetics : DNA fingerprinting
b.
cloning : biotechnology
c.
genome : vaccination
d.
human health : disease prevention
 73.
Which of the following terms is used to refer to a piece of equipment made for a specific use?
a.
process
c.
device
b.
cure
d.
treatment
 74.
Which of the following is least likely to help humans live longer?
a.
epidemiology
c.
genetics
b.
medicine
d.
DNA fingerprinting
 75.
knowledge of biology : human potential ::
a.
assistive technologies : everyday lives
b.
human potential : epidemiology
c.
populations : disease outbreaks
d.
genomes : genetics
 76.
The technology of changing the genetic material of a living cell is called
a.
biometrics.
c.
genetics.
b.
genetic engineering.
d.
DNA fingerprinting.
 77.
Planting Bt corn helps farmers decrease the use of
a.
fertilizers.
c.
pesticides.
b.
herbicides.
d.
cultivators.
 78.
All of the following are known advantages of planting Bt corn except it
a.
adds some bacterial genes to food supplies.
b.
lowers a farmer’s cost of production.
c.
improves a farmer’s crop yield.
d.
reduces chemical contaminants in the environment.
 79.
The application of a biological structure or process to solve design problems is called
a.
adaptation.
c.
cloning.
b.
biomimetics.
d.
decoding.
 80.
Which of these biotechnologies has the potential to repair tissues inside the body?
a.
biometrics
c.
epidemiology
b.
biomimetics
d.
nanotechnology
 81.
clam shell formation : ceramics ::
a.
CAT scanning : modeling fossils
b.
strong fabrics : spider silk
c.
spider silk : strong fabrics
d.
modeling fossils : CAT scanning
 82.
The analysis of biological traits to identify people is called
a.
arithmetics.
c.
genetics.
b.
biometrics.
d.
statistics.
 83.
Which of the following traits of an individual would be most useful for identifying a victim in a forensic investigation?
a.
eye color
c.
blood type
b.
hair color
d.
DNA fingerprint
 84.
The ethical concerns about biotechnology must be addressed by
a.
scientists only.
c.
both individuals and scientists.
b.
societies only.
d.
both individuals and societies.
 85.
All of the following biotechnologies are considered by some to be unethical except
a.
biomimetic products.
c.
human stem cell research.
b.
biometrics data bases.
d.
genetically modified foods.
 86.
Which of the following would be an unethical use of biometric data and methods?
a.
linking criminals to crime scenes
b.
eliminating innocent people from a list of criminal suspects
c.
excluding people with certain genes from getting jobs
d.
protecting citizens from bioterrorism
 87.
Which of the following is considered to be one of the most important applications of biology?
a.
biometrics
c.
environmental science
b.
genetic engineering
d.
assistive technologies
 88.
In order to make wise decisions about the use of natural resources, citizens will need to have a better understanding of
a.
biomimetics.
c.
environmental science.
b.
genetics.
d.
genetic engineering.
 89.
ecology : environmental science ::
a.
biomolecules : strong glues
c.
forensics : biometrics
b.
genetics : genetic engineering
d.
spider silk : clam shells
 90.
What do the initials GIS stand for?
a.
geological inference standard
c.
geographic information system
b.
genetic improvement survey
d.
global investigation society
 91.
Satellite tagging is a technology that is most likely to be used in
a.
assisting the disabled.
c.
developing maps of the world.
b.
conservation of wildlife.
d.
tracking the spread of disease.
 92.
Each of the following is a part of a GIS program except
a.
access to data from different sources.
b.
computer mapping.
c.
environmental databases.
d.
genetic analysis tools.
 93.
Which of the following must be done before an environmental study is begun locally?
a.
contact several scientists
c.
identify a problem
b.
buy a GIS program
d.
gather up volunteers
 94.
At the Raptor Rehabilitation Center, students in an environmental club help take care of injured and orphaned birds of prey. Based on this information, what does the term raptor refer to?
a.
a bird of prey
c.
orphaned wildlife
b.
the environment
d.
debilitating injury
 

Completion
Complete each statement.
 95.
The medical treatment for ulcers changed after scientists discovered that ____________________ cause stomach ulcers.

 96.
The questioning and often doubtful attitude required for scientific thought is called ____________________.

 97.
The truths that govern science and are valid everywhere in the universe are universal ____________________.

 98.
____________________ are a system of moral principles and values.

 99.
Most scientific investigations begin with ____________________ that lead to questions.

 100.
A reason to set up an experiment is to test a ____________________.

 101.
A(n) ____________________ experiment is a procedure that tests one factor at a time and that uses a(n) ____________________ group and an experimental group.

 102.
In a controlled experiment, the ____________________ group is the group that has one variable changed.

 103.
In an experiment, the ____________________ group receives no experimental treatment.

 104.
Factors that may change as a result of experimental treatment are ____________________ variables.

 105.
A(n) ____________________ is a specific, testable prediction for a limited set of conditions, and a(n) ____________________ is a general explanation for a broad range of data.

 106.
Scientists use the ______________________________ system to make measurements.

 107.
SI is the abbreviation for the ____________________ System of Units.

 108.
The SI base unit for length is the ____________________.

 109.
A kilogram is equal to ____________________ grams.

 110.
In a light microscope, light passes through one or more ____________________ to produce an enlarged image of an object.

 111.
Scientists use ____________________ techniques to minimize the risk of contamination.

 112.
The study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with the nonliving part of their environment is called ____________________.

 113.
The branch of biology that studies the changes in types of organisms over time is called ___________________ theory.

 114.
Scientists who study whales, bats, or bears in their natural habitat are called ____________________ biologists.

 115.
The process of _________________ traits changing over time is called evolution.

 116.
Every living organism is composed of one or more ____________________.

 117.
All cells have the same basic ____________________.

 118.
The sum of all chemical reactions carried out in an organism is ____________________.

 119.
The energy used by living organisms originates from the ____________________.

 120.
The study of ____________________ involves finding out how diseases are spread.

 121.
Cholera bacteria can cause the disease only when ____________________ increases.

 122.
A ____________________ is a medical procedure that allows a person to resist infection by a certain disease.

 123.
Many new tools for studying and treating diseases caused by problems in genes have come from the study of ____________________.

 124.
In developed countries, the length of human lives has nearly ____________________ in the past century.

 125.
One example of an assistive technology that helps people in everyday life is ____________________.

 126.
The gene that was added to Bt corn came from a(n) ____________________.

 127.
Bt corn contains a gene that produces a ____________________ that kills the European core borer.

 128.
The robotic items produced through nanotechnology often resemble tiny ____________________.

 129.
Imitating biological structures, processes, and systems to solve engineering problems is called ____________________.

 130.
Because of ____________________, dissection is no longer needed to determine the shapes and locations of internal organs.

 131.
Fingerprints and iris patterns are useful in identification because they are ____________________ to individuals.

 132.
Material used in ____________________ is obtained from hair and skin cells.

 133.
Research that involves human stem cells is limited because many people think that such research is ____________________.

 134.
The study of living organisms and their environments is called _________________________.

 135.
The existence of undiscovered resources is an important reason to study and ____________________ natural environments.

 136.
The movements of wildlife can be studied through the technology of ____________________.

 137.
Wildlife agents use the technology of ____________________ to identify the remains of endangered animals and to identify who killed them.

 138.
The people in communities who make contributions to environmental research are called ____________________.

 139.
Students make contributions to environmental conservation by helping to care for ____________________ or ____________________ wildlife.

 

Short Answer
 140.
What universal law applies in a study of the flight of birds? How does it apply?

 141.
How could you use scientific thought to investigate a claim about a product?

 142.
Write a hypothesis to explain why the water level in an aquarium is going down.

 143.
What two groups are part of a controlled experiment?

 144.
What is the difference between an independent variable and dependent variables in a controlled experiment?

 145.
How does a scientist verify the conclusions of an experiment?

 146.
What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?

 147.
What makes SI easy to use?

 148.
What are the base SI units for volume, length, and mass?

 149.
What are two common kinds of microscopes. How do they differ?

 150.
What is sterile technique? What are four tools of sterile technique?

 151.
Suppose you are a scientist who studies sharks in their natural habitat. What are two names that describe the kind of biologist you are?

 152.
What is heredity?

 153.
Name the seven properties of life.

 154.
How are data from weather and climate satellites used in epidemiology?

 155.
How does a vaccination help people and animals resist disease?

 156.
How will the completion of the Human Genome Project contribute to biological research in the 21st Century?

 157.
List two examples of assistive technologies that will improve the lives of people with injuries and diseases.

 158.
How does genetic engineering that produced Bt corn help to increase the yield in a farmer’s corn field?

 159.
List two practical applications of biotechnology other than genetic engineering.

 160.
How has genetic engineering improved the treatment of people who have diabetes?

 161.
From what biological structure did engineers get the idea for a submarine?

 162.
What makes iris scans an effective technology for identifying people?

 163.
List two biological characteristics of individuals, besides fingerprints and iris patterns, that can be analyzed by computers to identify people.

 164.
List two concerns that people have expressed about the ethics of biotechnology.

 165.
List three important resources that all living things get from the environment.

 166.
What do the initials GIS stand for?

 167.
What is satellite tagging?

 168.
List three steps that students could take to get involved in environmental research.

 

Essay
 169.
Explain why accurate data and peer review are important in science.

 170.
The results of an experiment do not support the hypothesis that the experiment was designed to test. Was the experiment a waste of time? Explain your answer.

 171.
Explain the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable in a controlled experiment. Also indicate whether or not each kind of variable would be found in a control group and an experimental group.

 172.
Summarize the steps in the development of a theory.

 173.
Before doing experiments, what should you know about lab safety? What procedure should you follow if an accident occurs during an experiment in your class?

 174.
List and describe the seven properties of life shared by all living organisms.

 175.
Toads that live in hot, dry regions bury themselves in the soil during the day. How might this be important to toads?

nar001-1.jpg
 176.
Refer to the map above. West Nile Virus is a virus that attacks the nervous system of birds, humans, and many other mammals. The virus first appeared in the United States in 1999, when an outbreak was reported in the New York City area. Based on this background and the information shown in the map, write a paragraph that summarizes the state of West Nile Virus incidence in the United States as of 2006.

 177.
Explain how increased understanding of biology and science in general should enable humans to live longer and healthier lives.

 178.
Compare and contrast fingerprints and DNA fingerprints as a means of identifying individuals.

 179.
Ethics is the study of whether human actions are moral (right or wrong, acceptable or unacceptable). Summarize the role of ethics in guiding the future of biotechnology.

 180.
What important lesson can be learned from the recent discovery of new kinds of organisms in a remote area of New Guinea?

 

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