Category: Taxonomy

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Taxonomy

1.  Which of the following pairs is MOST closely related?
   dog & tapeworm
   tapeworm & bacteria
   mushroom & tree
   ameba & bacteria
2. Organisms in the Kingdom Animalia are:
   multicellular & heterotrophic
   multicellular & autotrophic
   unicellular & autotrophic
   unicellular & autotrophic
3. Which of the following groups would contain the largest number of organisms?
   class
   order
   phylum
   family
4. A scientific name contains information about its:
   family & species
   genus & species
   phylum & order
   class & family
5. What do plants and animals have in common?
   both are heterotrophic
   both are autotrophic
   both are prokaryotic
   both are eukaryotic
6. The current classification system was devised by:
   Aristotle
   Plato
   Linnaeus
   Darwin
7. Instead of phylum, plants use which category?
   division
   subspecies
   class
   subkingdom
8. If two organisms are in the same phylum, they must also be in the same:
   class
   species
   family
   kingdom
9. Which kingdom contains “extreme halophiles”?
   eubacteria
   archaebacteria
   fungi
   protista
10. A dichotomous key is used to:
    locate an organism
    identify an organism
    divide a kingdom
    interbreed species

Score =
Correct answers:

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Name:  Another Taxonomy Quiz

 

Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false.  If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
TF	1.	Scientists use taxonomy to determine the evolutionary history of organisms. _________________________
TF	2.	Taxonomy provides consistent ways to name organisms. _________________________
TF	3.	Scientific names of organisms consist of two English terms. _________________________
TF	4.	Two different organisms cannot have the same scientific name. _________________________
TF	5.	Genus is the basic biological unit in the Linnaean system of classification. _________________________
TF	6.	A genus is a taxonomic category that contains several families. _________________________
TF	7.	Under the Linnaean system of classification, organisms are grouped on the basis of similarities in structure. _________________________
TF	8.	Linnaeus devised eight levels of classification categories for living things. _________________________
TF	9.	The least inclusive group to which an organism can be assigned is its kingdom. _________________________
TF	10.	Kingdoms are subgroups of phyla. _________________________
TF	11.	A species is a larger taxonomic group than a genus. _________________________
TF	12.	Bird wings and insect wings are examples of analogous structures. _________________________
TF	13.	Organisms that have similar traits but evolved independently are the result of convergent evolution. _________________________
TF	14.	Cladistics is used to determine the sequence in which different groups of organisms evolved. _________________________
TF	15.	In modern systematics, studies of the changes in the skeletons of vertebrates have helped researchers to estimate the time at which each species began to evolve. _________________________
TF	16.	Comparing the sequence of DNA bases in the genes of several organisms is used to determine the order in which the organisms evolved. _________________________
TF	17.	All organisms in the kingdom Animalia are multicellular heterotrophs whose cells lack cell walls. _________________________
TF	18.	Archaea are eukaryotes that are characterized by several unique biochemical characteristics. _________________________
TF	19.	Traditionally, bacteria have been classified on the basis of their shape, cell wall composition, and metabolism. _________________________
TF	20.	Most organisms in the kingdoms Plantae and Animalia are multicellular. _________________________
Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
ABCD	21.	Taxonomy is a. the study of life. b. the science of naming and classifying organisms. c. the evolutionary history of a species. d. the sequence in which different groups evolved.
ABCD	22.	An advantage of our scientific naming system is that a. common names mean the same in all countries. b. Latin names are easy to pronounce. c. biologists can communicate regardless of their native languages. d. organisms all have the same scientific name.
ABCD	23.	All scientific names of organisms must be a. unique and have two Latin words. b. general and use the species name. c. different and repeat the phylum name. d. similar and include the common name.
ABCD	24.	Linnaeus’s two-word system for naming organisms is called a. taxonomic evolution. c. Greek polynomials. b. Genus species. d. binomial nomenclature.
ABCD	25.	In the Linnaean system of classification, the level that identifies one unique organism is the a. kingdom. c. genus. b. family. d. species.
ABCD	26.	Under the Linnaean system of classification, plants and animals are sorted into groups based on a. number and size. c. form and size. b. form and structure. d. number and structure.
ABCD	27.	The largest division that a group of organisms can belong to is a a. domain. c. genus. b. class. d. kingdom.
ABCD	28.	Placement in each level of classification is based on a. specific characteristics. c. shared characteristics. b. general characteristics. d. different characteristics.
ABCD	29.	Similar genera are grouped into a(n) a. phylum. c. family. b. class. d. order.
ABCD	30.	Analogous structures a. have a common size in organisms. b. perform the same function in organisms. c. have the same structure in organisms. d. evolve from a common ancestor.
ABCD	31.	Traditional systematics emphasizes the importance of a. derived characteristics. c. similar characteristics. b. unique characteristics. d. compared characteristics.
ABCD	32.	Similar features that evolve through convergent evolution are called a. analogous characters. c. environmental characters. b. homologous characters. d. genetic characters.
ABCD	33.	Convergent evolution produces analogous characters in different species as the result of a. similar environments. c. sharing a common ancestor. b. different environments. d. shared derived characters.
ABCD	34.	A phylogenetic tree differs from a cladogram in that a phylogenetic tree a. hypothesizes the time at which each group of organisms evolved. b. also indicates the new characteristics that evolved with each group of organisms c. only illustrates hypothesized relationships among groups of organisms. d. predicts the next group of organisms that is expected to evolve.
ABCD	35.	Studies of fossils of dinosaurs and birds show that a. feathers may not be an important difference between dinosaurs and birds. b. dinosaurs can be considered to be modern descendents of birds. c. the anatomies of the dinosaurs and birds are unrelated. d. dinosaurs and birds share many analogous characters.
ABCD	36.	A model used by biologists to represent evolutionary history among species is called a a. phylogram. c. histogram. b. cladogram. d. parallelogram.
ABCD	37.	Derived characters are traits a. that are shared by all species. b. that originated in a common ancestor. c. found in closely related species. d. found in distantly related species.
ABCD	38.	During Linnaeus’ time, scientists divided all living organisms into a. five phyla. c. three domains. b. four families. d. two kingdoms.
ABCD	39.	Which of the following terms is no longer used to describe a group of organisms in the modern classification system? a. Archaea c. Monera b. Eubacteria d. Protista
ABCD	40.	Sponges are animals that were once classified as a. bacteria. c. plants. b. fungi. d. protists.
ABCD	41.	Which of the following characteristics was used to reclassify sponges? a. body type c. cell walls b. cell type d. nutrition
ABCD	42.	The kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria were once grouped in a kingdom called a. Protista. c. Monera. b. Animalia. d. Plantae.
ABCD	43.	Four of the kingdoms include eukaryotes and the other two include a. plants. c. animals. b. fungi. d. prokaryotes.
ABCD	44.	Which of the following is not a characteristic used to differentiate kingdoms? a. cell type c. nutrition b. root system d. body type
ABCD	45.	Protista is an example of a a. kingdom. c. genus. b. class. d. species.
ABCD	46.	Which two kingdoms contain both unicellular and multicellular organisms? a. Archaea and Animalia c. Animalia and Fungi b. Protists and Bacteria d. Protista and Fungi
ABCD	47.	Bacteria : prokaryotes :: a. Fungi : prokaryotes c. Protista : eukaryotes b. Animalia : prokaryotes d. Archaea : eukaryotes
ABCD	48.	One difference between plants and animals is that plants are a. prokaryotic and animals are eukaryotic. b. eukaryotic and animals are prokaryotic. c. autotrophs and animals are heterotrophs. d. heterotrophs and animals are autotrophs.
ABCD	49.	The science of classifying living things is called a. identification. c. taxonomy. b. classification. d. speciation.
ABCD	50.	Taxonomy is defined as the science of a. classifying plants according to their uses in agricultural experiments. b. studying ribosomal RNA sequencing techniques. c. grouping organisms according to their characteristics and evolutionary history. d. studying reproductive mechanisms and gene flow.
ABCD	51.	As we move through the biological hierarchy from the kingdom to species level, organisms a. vary more and more. b. are less and less related to each other. c. become more similar in appearance. d. always are members of the same order.
ABCD	52.	A mushroom is difficult to classify in Linnaeus’s two-kingdom classification system because a. it has another common name, the toadstool. b. it doesn’t seem to fit into either kingdom. c. mushrooms had not yet evolved in Linnaeus’s time. d. All of the above
ABCD	53.	Which of the following was not a consideration for Carolus Linnaeus when he developed his system of nomenclature of organisms? a. It should include detailed descriptions of an organism in its name. b. It should assign each organism a unique name. c. It should assign names using a language that can be recognized worldwide. d. It should enable scientists to classify organisms according to their presumed evolutionary relationships to other organisms.
ABCD	54.	Which of the following scientists developed the system of classifying organisms by assigning them a genus and species name? a. Leakey c. Darwin b. Aristotle d. Linnaeus
ABCD	55.	Refer to the illustration above. A shark’s skeleton is made of cartilage while a dolphin’s skeleton is made of bone. This is one reason the two organisms are placed in different a. kingdoms. c. subspecies. b. domains. d. classes.
ABCD	56.	The organism Quercus phellos is a member of the genus a. Plantae. c. Quercus. b. phellos. d. Protista.
ABCD	57.	Poison ivy is also known as Rhus toxicodendron. Its species identifier is a. poison. c. ivy. b. Rhus. d. toxicodendron.
ABCD	58.	The red maple is also known as Acer rubrum. Its scientific name is a. red maple. c. rubrum. b. Acer. d. Acer rubrum.
ABCD	59.	The scientific name of an organism a. varies according to the native language of scientists. b. is the same for scientists all over the world. c. may refer to more than one species. d. may have more than one genus name.
ABCD	60.	Scientists don’t use the common names of organisms because a. an organism may have more than one common name. b. common names are too ambiguous. c. an organism rarely has the same name in different languages. d. All of the above
ABCD	61.	An organism can have a. one genus name and one species identifier. b. one genus name and two species identifiers. c. two scientific names if it is found on different continents. d. two genus names but only one species identifier.
ABCD	62.	In which language are scientific names written? a. English c. Arabic b. Greek d. Latin
ABCD	63.	Two organisms in the same class but different orders a. are in different kingdoms. b. have the same genus name. c. are in the same phylum. d. are members of the same species.
ABCD	64.	Organisms in different genera a. may share the second word of their scientific names. b. may be in the same family. c. may be in different orders. d. All of the above
ABCD	65.	Two organisms in the same order but different families may a. be more similar than two organisms in different classes. b. be in the same class. c. have the same species identifier. d. All of the above
ABCD	66.	Kingdoms are divided into phyla, and each phylum is divided into a. families. c. orders. b. classes. d. genera.
ABCD	67.	The correct order of the biological hierarchy from kingdom to species is a. kingdom, class, family, order, phylum, genus, species. b. kingdom, phylum, order, family, class, genus, species. c. kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. d. kingdom, class, order, phylum, family, genus, species.
ABCD	68.	The lowest hierarchy level in biological classification is the a. genus. c. family. b. species. d. order.
ABCD	69.	Which of the following is the least inclusive classification group? a. class c. phylum b. genus d. species
ABCD	70.	Quercus rubra : Quercus phellos :: a. Anolis carolinensis : Parus carolinensis b. Erithacus rubicula : Turdus migratoria c. Aphis pomi : Aphis gossypii d. carp : goldfish
ABCD	71.	class : family :: a. order : phylum c. species : genus b. genus : class d. phylum : order
ABCD	72.	Today, biologists classify organisms by their a. physical similarities. c. behavioral similarities. b. chemical similarities. d. All of the above
ABCD	73.	Phylogenetic trees depict a. known evolutionary relationships between organisms. b. presumed evolutionary relationships based on physical features only. c. only living organisms. d. presumed evolutionary relationships based on a variety of types of evidence.
ABCD	74.	The DNA sequences of two species of sharks would a. be more similar than the DNA sequences of a shark and a dolphin. b. show no discernible differences. c. be very close to the DNA sequences of a dolphin. d. indicate how the sharks evolved.
ABCD	75.	Which of the following is (are) used in systematic taxonomy to classify organisms? a. patterns of embryological development b. homologous features c. amino acid sequences of proteins d. All of the above
ABCD	76.	analogous features : convergent evolution :: a. two members of the same genus : same species b. cladogram : evolutionary relationships c. common names : universal identification d. cladograms : exact, direct information
ABCD	77.	Refer to the illustration above. A branching diagram like the one shown is called a a. phenetic tree. c. family tree. b. cladogram. d. homology.
ABCD	78.	Refer to the illustration above. Each particular feature, such as dry skin, that is used to assign an organism to a group is called a(n) a. special character. b. analogous character. c. derived character. d. homologous character.
ABCD	79.	Nearly all single-celled eukaryotes that are either heterotrophic or photosynthetic belong to the kingdom a. Animalia. c. Plantae. b. Fungi. d. Protista.
ABCD	80.	Most multicellular, nucleated autotrophs that carry on photosynthesis belong to the kingdom a. Animalia. c. Fungi. b. Eubacteria. d. Plantae.
ABCD	81.	Multicellular, nucleated heterotrophs that always obtain food by absorbing nutrients from the environment belong to the kingdom a. Animalia. c. Fungi. b. Eubacteria. d. Plantae.
ABCD	82.	An organism that breaks down organic matter, which it then absorbs, is in the kingdom a. Fungi. c. Animalia. b. Plantae. d. Protista.
ABCD	83.	Simple, non-nucleated organisms that use hydrogen to produce methane are in the domain a. Archaea. c. Eukarya. b. Bacteria. d. None of the above
ABCD	84.	The kingdom defined as including any eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi is the kingdom a. Protista. c. Animalia. b. Plantae. d. Fungi.
ABCD	85.	Carl Woese proposed the three-domain system of classification based on the examination of a. embryos. c. ribosomal RNA. b. fossils. d. organisms’ physical features.
ABCD	86.	The three domain system of classification is based on similarities and differences in ____, while the six-kingdom system is based on similarities and differences in ____. a. DNA; DNA, fossils, embryological development, and physical features b. DNA; embryological development, fossils, physical features, and RNA c. ribosomal RNA; embryological development, fossils, physical features, and various molecular structures d. physical features; embryological development, fossils, physical features, and various molecular structures
ABCD	87.	Which of the following groups are placed together by cladistics but are placed in separate groups by classical taxonomy? a. birds and crocodiles c. turtles and birds b. birds and mammals d. snakes and mammals
Completion Complete each statement.
	88.	The current system used for naming organisms was developed by ____________________.
	89.	The two-word system for naming organisms is called _________________________.
	90.	The scientific name of an organism gives biologists a common way of ____________________ regardless of their native languages.
	91.	All names assigned to organisms under the Linnaean system are in the ____________________ language.
	92.	The unique two-word name for a species is its ____________________ name.
	93.	All living things are grouped into one of three ____________________.
	94.	There are ____________________ levels of classification in the modern classification system.
	95.	A kingdom contains many ____________________.
	96.	Classes with similar characteristics are assigned to a(n) ____________________.
	97.	Each level of classification is based on ____________________ shared by all the organisms it contains.
	98.	Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and Homo sapiens all belong to the same ____________________.
	99.	Traditionally, scientists have used differences in appearance and ____________________ to classify organisms.
	100.	Unlike cladistics, traditional systematics places more ____________________ on some traits than on others.
	101.	Analogous structures are found in ____________________ taxa as a result of similar environmental conditions.
	102.	The type of evolution that results in similar characteristics found in different organisms as the result of selection within similar environments is called ____________________ evolution.
	103.	The evolutionary history of a species is called its ____________________.
	104.	Shared derived characters are found in organisms that once shared a(n) ____________________ ancestor.
	105.	A method of analysis that reconstructs phylogenies by inferring relationships based on shared characteristics is called ____________________.
	106.	A model developed by systematists that uses shared derived characters to show the evolutionary history of different organisms is called a(n) ____________________.
	107.	Cladistics is used to determine the ____________________ in which different groups of organisms evolved.
	108.	Animals that appear early on a cladogram do not share as many of the same ____________________ traits as the animals that appear later on the cladogram.
	109.	Modern systematic biologists use the ____________________ rate of DNA mutations like a “molecular clock.”
	110.	Two kingdoms include prokaryotes, while four kingdoms include ____________________.
	111.	Bacteria have strong exterior cell walls made of ____________________.
	112.	An organism made of many cells that are permanently associated and that coordinate their activities is called a(n) ____________________ organism.
	113.	Eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants, or animals are called ____________________.
	114.	Aristotle classified plants on the basis of differences in their ____________________.
	115.	The science of naming and classifying organisms is called ____________________.
	116.	____________________ devised the two-name system of naming organisms.
	117.	Biologists of Linnaeus’s time classified every living thing as either plant or ____________________.
	118.	A genus is subdivided into smaller groups called ____________________.
	119.	Each kind of organism on Earth is assigned a unique two-word ____________________.
	120.	All scientific names are made up of two words that are often derived from the ____________________ language.
	121.	The first word of a scientific name indicates the ____________________ to which the organism belongs.
	122.	A kingdom is divided into phyla when animals are being classified or into ____________________ when plants are being classified.
	123.	The evolutionary history of a species is called its ____________________.
	124.	Refer to the illustration above. Organism 4 belongs to the kingdom ____________________.
	125.	Eukaryotic organisms that lack specialized tissue systems are members of the kingdom ____________________.
	126.	Corals, spiders, and rodents all belong to the kingdom ____________________.
	127.	The domains of the three-domain system of classification are Archaea, Bacteria, and ____________________.
	128.	The variety of organisms at all taxonomic levels is called ____________________.
	129.	Cladistics uses shared and ____________________ characters to group taxa.
	130.	The Greek philosopher ____________________ classified organisms as either plants or animals.
Problem
	131.	The following table presents data on some characteristics found in vertebrates. A “+” indicates that an organism has a particular characteristic and a “–” indicates that an organism does not have a particular characteristic. Characteristics Organism Jaws Limbs Hair Lungs Tail Lamprey – – – – + Turtle + + – + + Cat + + + + + Gorilla + + + + + Lungfish + – – + + Trout + – – – + Human + + + + – Using these data, construct a cladogram illustrating the evolutionary relationships among these organisms. Each branch point should indicate a common ancestor. Write the name of the shared character that is common to all organisms above each branching point. A shared character can be the absence of a structure common to organisms below that point on the tree. Write your answer in the space below.
Essay
	132.	Why might the use of common names to describe organisms sometimes cause confusion? Give several examples to support your answer. Write your answer in the space below.
	133.	While on a biological expedition to a tropical rain forest, you discover a previously unidentified animal. Explain the guidelines you would follow to choose a genus and species name for the animal. Write your answer in the space below.
	134.	The red fox (Vulpes vulpes), the coyote (Canis latrans), and the dog (Canis familiaris) are all members of the family Canidae. The mountain lion (Felis concolor) is a member of the family Felidae. Describe the relationships among these animals. Write your answer in the space below.
	135.	A species is defined as a group of organisms that are similar and can interbreed and produce fertile offspring in nature. Horses and donkeys can interbreed and produce mules, which cannot produce offspring. Is it possible that horses and donkeys belong to the same species? Explain. Write your answer in the space below.
	136.	What are the main criteria currently used to classify organisms? Write your answer in the space below.

 

Taxonomy
ppt Questions

Classification

1. How many known species are there?

2. What percent of all organisms that have ever lived is this?

3. Are all organisms on Earth today identified?

4. Define classification.

5. What is another term for classification?

6. What do you call scientists that study classification?

7. Classifying organisms makes naming organisms more _____________ and _____________.

8. Classifying prevents ____________ or inaccurate naming.

9. Give two examples of misnomers and explain why they aren’t correct.

10. What language is used for scientific naming?

11. Sometimes, scientific names may be ___________ instead of Latin.

12. Why don’t scientists around the world just use more simple, common names for organisms?

13.What language is universally used by scientists for naming?

14. Who was the first taxonomist and what two groups did he place organism in?

15. How did Aristotle subdivide his two groups?

16. Who was first to use Latin for scientific naming?

17. What was the problem with Ray’s names?

18. What 18th century taxonomist developed the naming system still used today?

19. How did Linnaeus group his organisms?

20. Who is the “father of taxonomy”?

Binomial Nomenclature

21. What is Linnaeus’s naming system called?

22. Explain binomial nomenclature.

23. Besides Latin, what other language is sometimes used for scientific names?

24. How do scientific names appear in print?

25. What must be done to a scientific name when you are writing it?

26. Give an example of a common and scientific name for an animal.

27. Where can you find the rules for naming organisms?

28. All scientific names must be approved by ________________ ___________ ______________.

29. Why do naming congresses have to approve names?

Taxonomic Groups

30. What is a taxon?

31. What is plural for taxon?

32.There is a ______________ of groups that goes from the broadest grouping to the most _____________ grouping.

33. Name the 8 taxon in order from broadest to most specific.

34. What is the NEWEST and BROADEST taxon?

35. Instead of the taxon phylum, what other taxon is used for plants at this level?

36. What is the most specific taxon?

37. Write the sentence used to help remember the 8 most important taxonomic levels.

38. Complete the following taxonomic table:

Domains of Organisms

39. How many domains are there?

40. Name the 3 Domains.

41. What are the main characteristics of Archaea and Eubacteria?

42. What are the main characteristics of the Domain Eukarya?

43. What Domain of organisms probably evolved first?

44. Where do Archaea live? Give some examples.

45.Name an Archaean.

46. Where are eubacteria found?

47. Some bacteria cause ______________ but many act as decomposers & are important to the ______________.

48. Some members of eubacteria live in the __________ of animals.

Kingdoms

49. The Domain Eukarya is divided into how many kingdoms?

50. List the 4 kingdoms of Eukarya and tell what organisms are in each group.

51. Which 2 kingdoms contain all multicellular members?

52. List the main characteristics of the Kingdom Protista.

53. Microscopic organisms found in pond water are most likely in the kingdom _______________.

54. All members of the Kingdom Fungi are _____________ except for unicellular ____________.

55. What type of heterotrophic organism are fungi?

56. Explain what it means to be an absorptive heterotrophic.

57. The cell walls of fungi are made of ______________.

58. Members of the kingdom Plantae are all ________________ and _____________.

59. What do plants use as their energy to make food?

60. Name the food making process of plants.

61. Plant cell walls are made of _______________.

62. Members of the Kingdom Animalia contain all of the multicellular _____________ on Earth.

63. Animals are ______________ heterotrophs that feed on __________ or other __________.

64. Define ingestive heterotroph.

65. Complete the following table for characteristics of each kingdom:

66. A Genera may contain a number of different ___________.

67. What Genera is an exception to this?

68. Which Kingdom has the largest number of different kinds of organisms?

69. What two groups are in the plant kingdom?

Basis for Modern Taxonomy

70. List three examples of things used as a basis for modern taxonomy.

     a.

     b.

     c.

71. What are homologous structures?

72. What is an embryo?

73. At the molecular level, similarities in ___________, __________, or the __________ __________ sequence of proteins can be a basis for grouping organisms together.

74. Give an example of homologous structures show similarities among organisms in the same taxon.

75. Name 5 organisms that have similar embryonic development. To what taxon do these organisms belong?

76. What is a cladogram?

77. Using the following cladogram, name the organisms that share 4 of the 5 characteristics.

78. What characteristic(s) do the grouper and lamprey share?

79. What characteristic is found in all the animals EXCEPT the lancelet?

80. What is a dichotomous key?

81. When using a dichotomous key, you should make sure you ___________ both characteristics and either ____________ the organism OR go to ____________ set of characteristics.

82. Use the following dichotomous key to identify the picture of each organism.

 

Dichotomous Key to Salamanders

 

Introduction:

A dichotomous key is constructed of a series of couplets, each consisting of two separate statements. For example: couplet 1. Seeds round soybeans
1. Seeds oblong 2 (this statement indicates that you go to couplet “2”)

couplet 2. Seeds white northern beans
2. Seeds black black beans

By reading the two statements of each couplet, you progress through the key from typically broad characteristics to narrower characteristics until only a single choice remains. As long as the correct statement of each couplet is chosen, and the unknown organism is included in the key, a confident identification is usually achieved. Many types of organisms can be identified using a dichotomous key. In this lab, you will identify salamanders.

Materials:

pictures of various salamanders, dichotomous key, metric ruler, pencil

Procedure:

1. Use the dichotomous key provided to identify the salamanders in Figure 1.
2. Write the pathway you took to get to the name of the salamander next to the drawing.
3. Write the correct name for the salamander on the line below each picture.

Figure 1 – Types of salamanders

Key to the Salamanders: