Category: Curriculum Map

Genetics Quiz

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Chromosomes & Genetics

1. A human being has _____ autosomes and ______ sex chromosomes
23, 1
22 pairs, 1 pair
23, 23
2, 2

2. A section of chromosomes that codes for a trait can be called a(n):
nucleotide
base-pair
gene
nucleus

3. Somatic cells of a human have ____ chromosomes and are called ____
10, haploid
92, diploid
23, haploid
46, diploid

4. A person who receives an extra chromosome, could have:
Heightened intelligence
Down Syndrome
Red eyes
Polygenic traits

5. Each chromosome consists of two identical:
genes
nuclei
chromatids
bases

6. If a person receives an X and a Y chromosome, that person is:
female
male
red eyed
mentally challenged

7. Two alleles for pea plant height are designated T (tall) and t (dwarf). These alleles are found on:
genes
sex chromosomes
ribosomes
homologous chromosomes

8. An animal has 40 chromosomes in its gametes, how many chromosomes would you expect to find in this animal’s brain cells?
1
20
40
80

9. A picture of a person’s chromosomes is called a(n):
karyotype
syndrome
chromatin
fingerprint

10. During which phase of mitosis is DNA replicated?
interphase
prophase
anaphase
telophase

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Taxonomy Quiz

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Taxonomy
  1.  Which of the following pairs is MOST closely related?
    dog & tapeworm
    tapeworm & bacteria
    mushroom & tree
    ameba & bacteria
  2. Organisms in the Kingdom Animalia are:
    multicellular & heterotrophic
    multicellular & autotrophic
    unicellular & autotrophic
    unicellular & autotrophic
  3. Which of the following groups would contain the largest number of organisms?
    class
    order
    phylum
    family
  4. A scientific name contains information about its:
    family & species
    genus & species
    phylum & order
    class & family
  5. What do plants and animals have in common?
    both are heterotrophic
    both are autotrophic
    both are prokaryotic
    both are eukaryotic
  6. The current classification system was devised by:
    Aristotle
    Plato
    Linnaeus
    Darwin
  7. Instead of phylum, plants use which category?
    division
    subspecies
    class
    subkingdom
  8. If two organisms are in the same phylum, they must also be in the same:
    class
    species
    family
    kingdom
  9. Which kingdom contains “extreme halophiles”?
    eubacteria
    archaebacteria
    fungi
    protista
  10. A dichotomous key is used to:
    locate an organism
    identify an organism
    divide a kingdom
    interbreed species

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Virus Study Guide

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Virus Quiz

 

 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 1.
Viruses are considered nonliving because
a.
 they cannot reproduce by themselves.
b.
 they are not made up of cells.
c.
 they cannot carry out metabolism by themselves.
d.
 All of the above
 2.
The study of viruses is a part of biology because
a.
 they belong to the kingdom Eubacteria.
b.
 they are about to become extinct.
c.
 they are living organisms.
d.
 they are active inside living cells.
 3.
Biologists now know that viruses
a.
 are the smallest organisms.
b.
 consist of a protein surrounded by a nucleic acid coat.
c.
 contain RNA or DNA in a protein or lipid-protein coat.
d.
 all form the same crystalline shape.
 4.
The capsid of a virus is the
a.
 protective outer coat.
b.
 cell membrane.
c.
 nucleus.
d.
 cell wall and membrane complex.
 5.
Viruses are classified according to
a.
 whether they contain RNA or DNA.
b.
 the shape of their genome.
c.
 whether they have a membrane envelope.
d.
 All of the above
 6.
All viruses have
a.
 cytoplasm.
c.
 mitochondria.
b.
 ribosomes.
d.
 None of the above
 7.
Tobacco mosaic virus
a.
 is able to be crystallized.
b.
 causes disease in tobacco plants.
c.
 is smaller than a bacterium.
d.
 All of the above
 8.
Scientists first began to study viruses because they
a.
 were seen through a microscope.
b.
 could not be seen but caused disease.
c.
 formed crystals.
d.
 were made of cells.
 9.
Viruses that use reverse transcriptase to cause their host cells to transcribe DNA from an RNA template are called
a.
 bacteriophages.
c.
 retroviruses.
b.
 antibodies.
d.
 capsoviruses.
 10.
Which of the following contains only RNA?
a.
 a prion
c.
 a viroid
b.
 a virus
d.
 All of the above
 11.
Unlike viruses, prions
a.
 are capable of reproducing outside of a host cell.
b.
 are composed only of protein.
c.
 can cause brain infections.
d.
 can be treated with antibiotics.
 12.
A typical virus consists of
a.
 a protein coat and a cytoplasm core.
b.
 a carbohydrate coat and a nucleic acid core.
c.
 a protein coat and a nucleic acid core.
d.
 a polysaccharide coat and a nucleic acid core.
nar001-1.jpg
 13.
Refer to the illustration above. Which structure could possibly be made of RNA?
a.
 structure 2
c.
 structure 4
b.
 structure 3
d.
 structure 5
 14.
Refer to the illustration above. Which structure is found outside the cell after the cell is infected?
a.
 structure 1
c.
 structure 3
b.
 structure 2
d.
 structure 4
 15.
Viruses
a.
 are cellular organisms.
b.
 reproduce only in living cells.
c.
 have nuclei and organelles.
d.
 are surrounded by a polysaccharide coat.
 16.
Animal viruses often infect only specific host cells because
a.
 the virus must have the same DNA as the host cell.
b.
 the host cell must have specific receptors for proteins on the virus surface.
c.
 viruses have receptors for host cell glycoproteins.
d.
 the enzymes of the virus can attach only to specific host cells.
 17.
In which cell cycle(s) does viral DNA become integrated into the host cell’s DNA?
a.
 lytic
b.
 lysogenic
c.
 neither lytic nor lysogenic
d.
 both lytic and lysogenic
 18.
Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections because
a.
 host cells protect the viruses.
b.
 viruses have enzymes that inactivate the antibiotics.
c.
 antibiotics interfere with cellular processes that viruses do not perform.
d.
 viral protein coats block the antibiotics from entering the virus.
 19.
Which of the following is not a viral disease of humans?
a.
 hepatitis
b.
 SARS
c.
 shingles
d.
 All of the above are viral diseases of humans.
 20.
Which of the following is not linked to cancer?
a.
 Ebola virus
c.
 hepatitis B virus
b.
 human papillomavirus
d.
 Epstein-Barr virus
 21.
Which of the following human activities is most closely associated with the emergence of viruses not previously seen in humans?
a.
 absence of a vaccination program
b.
 crowded living conditions
c.
 clearing of forests for housing
d.
 eating uncooked meat
 22.
Most scientists think that early viruses originated from
a.
 other viruses.
b.
 existing cell parts.
c.
 animals.
d.
 spontaneous generation.
 23.
HIV causes AIDS by
a.
 converting a proto-oncogene to an oncogene.
b.
 damaging a person’s blood vessels.
c.
 destroying the covering of a person’s nerves.
d.
 gradually destroying a person’s immune system.
 24.
Which of the following is not a vector of viral diseases?
a.
 mosquitoes
c.
 prions
b.
 ticks
d.
 humans
 25.
Which of the following has been the most successful at fighting viral diseases?
a.
 vaccination
c.
 drug therapy
b.
 vector control
d.
 Both a and b
 26.
Most scientists believe that viruses first appeared on Earth ____ living cells appeared.
a.
 after
b.
 a very long time before
c.
 at the exact time when
d.
 immediately before
 

Completion
Complete each statement.
 27.
The protein coat of a virus is called a(n) ____________________.
 28.
Viruses can vary in size and ____________________.
 29.
A virus that transcribes DNA from an RNA template is called a(n) ____________________.
 30.
An enzyme called _________________________ manufactures DNA that is complementary to a virus’s RNA.
 31.
____________________ are viruses that infect bacteria and have a polyhedral head and a helical tail.
 32.
All viruses reproduce by taking over the reproductive machinery of a(n) ____________________.
 33.
Viruses that infect a host cell and have their nucleic acid replicated but do not harm the host cell are in a(n) ____________________ cycle.
 34.
The replication of a temperate virus includes the ____________________ cycle.
 35.
The virus that causes AIDS is called _________________________.
 36.
Some viruses are thought to induce ____________________, a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell division.
 37.
The Ebola virus, the SARS virus, and hantavirus are examples of ____________________ viruses.
 38.
In the ____________________ cycle, viruses destroy the host cell.
 39.
Chickenpox and ____________________ are caused by the same virus.
 

Problem
 40.

A new disease has suddenly appeared and scientists are trying to determine whether the disease agent is a virus or a bacterium. They collect the following information:

1.      The disease can be transmitted through the air.
2.      The disease agent is too small to be seen under a light microscope.
3.      There are no known antibiotics that are effective against the disease.
4.      The genetic material of the disease agent is DNA.
5.      The disease agent cannot be cultured using any known culture medium.

Is the disease agent most likely a bacterium or a virus? Explain your answer. Write your answer in the space below.

 
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Quiz Viruses

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Viruses

 

 

True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
1.
Although viruses do not consist of cells, biologists consider them to be living because they are capable of reproduction.
2.
Some viruses have a membranous envelope surrounding the protein coat that helps them gain entry into host cells.
3.
Viruses consist of RNA or DNA surrounded by a coat of protein.
4.
Prions are the smallest known particles that are able to replicate.
5.
A virus can only reproduce by controlling a cell.
6.
Once a virus enters either a lytic or a lysogenic cycle, it cannot change to the opposite type of cycle.
7.
Prophages and proviruses can both enter lytic cycles and destroy host cells.
8.
People can contract the influenza virus more than once because the virus tends to mutate rapidly, avoiding the actions of the immune system.
9.
Smallpox is caused by bacteria.
10.
Chickenpox and shingles are caused by the same virus.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
11.
The study of viruses is a part of biology because
a.
they belong to the kingdom Eubacteria.
b.
they are about to become extinct.
c.
they are living organisms.
d.
they are active inside living cells.
12.
The capsid of a virus is the
a.
protective outer coat.
c.
nucleus.
b.
cell membrane.
d.
cell wall and membrane complex.
13.
A membranous envelope surrounding some viruses may be composed of
a.
lipids.
c.
glycoproteins.
b.
proteins.
d.
All of the above
14.
viruses : nucleic acids::
a.
water : ice
c.
simplicity : complexity
b.
brick : wood
d.
a jigsaw puzzle : individual pieces
15.
A typical virus consists of
a.
a protein coat and a cytoplasm core.
b.
a carbohydrate coat and a nucleic acid core.
c.
a protein coat and a nucleic acid core.
d.
a polysaccharide coat and a nucleic acid core.
viruses_files/i0180000.jpg
16.
Refer to the illustration above. Which labeled structure could possibly be made of RNA?
a.
Structure “B”
c.
Structure “D”
b.
Structure “C”
d.
Structure “E”
17.
In which type of cell cycle(s) does viral DNA become integrated into the host cell’s DNA?
a.
lytic
c.
neither lytic nor lysogenic
b.
lysogenic
d.
lytic and lysogenic
18.
A prophage differs from a provirus in that
a.
a prophage contains DNA, while a provirus contains RNA.
b.
a prophage is formed during a lysogenic cycle, while a provirus is formed during a lytic cycle.
c.
a prophage contains DNA found in the infecting virus particle, while a provirus contains DNA produced from viral RNA.
d.
a prophage becomes integrated into a host cell’s DNA, while a provirus cannot become integrated into a host cell’s DNA.
19.
Which of the following is not a virus linked to cancer?
a.
Ebola
c.
hepatitis B
b.
human papillomavirus
d.
Epstein-Barr
20.
Which of the following human activities is most closely associated with emerging viruses?
a.
absence of a vaccination program
c.
clearcutting of forests
b.
crowded living conditions
d.
eating uncooked meat

 
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PCC Biochemistry

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PCC Biochemistry
 

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. Write  + for true and  0 for false.
 1.
Atoms have a positive charge.
 2.
An element is made up of more than one kind of atom.
 3.
Hydrogen and oxygen atoms have an equal number of electrons.
 4.
A molecule is an atom that has gained or lost an electron.
 5.
An atom that gains or loses one or more electrons is called an ion.
 6.
An atom with more electrons than protons has a positive charge.
 7.
Ionic bonds form between two negatively charged particles.
 8.
A covalent bond forms between two atoms that share electrons to form a molecule.
 9.
Adhesion is an attraction between different substances.
 10.
The ability of water to retain heat helps cells maintain homeostasis.
 11.
Nonpolar molecules dissolve well in water.
 12.
Water molecules attract nonpolar molecules such as oil.
 13.
Organic compounds contain carbon atoms that are covalently bonded to other elements—typically hydrogen, oxygen, and other carbon atoms.
 14.
A nucleotide has four parts.
 15.
RNA is made up of a double strand of nucleotides.
 16.
DNA stores hereditary information that can be used to make proteins.
 17.
When cells break down food, the energy from the food is temporarily stored as ATP.
 18.
The amount of energy needed to cause a chemical reaction to start is called activation energy.
 19.
Without enzymes, chemical reactions necessary for life would not occur at a rate sufficient to sustain life.
 20.
Enzymes speed up a chemical reaction by increasing the activation energy of the reaction.
 21.
When an enzyme binds with its substrate, the activation energy needed for the chemical reaction to occur is increased.
 22.
Chemical reactions that occur in cells are called biochemical reactions.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 23.
Atoms are composed of
a.
 protons.
c.
 electrons.
b.
 neutrons.
d.
 All of the above
 24.
The electrons of an atom
a.
 are found in the nucleus along with the protons.
b.
 occupy the space surrounding the nucleus.
c.
 have a positive charge.
d.
 are attached to the positive charge of neutrons.
 25.
The smallest particle of matter that can retain the chemical properties of carbon is a(n)
a.
 carbon molecule.
c.
 carbon atom.
b.
 carbon macromolecule.
d.
 element.
 26.
A substance that is composed of only one type of atom is called a(n)
a.
 nucleus.
c.
 element.
b.
 cell.
d.
 molecule.
 27.
All matter is composed of
a.
 cells.
c.
 atoms.
b.
 molecules.
d.
 carbon.
 28.
A molecule that has a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other side is called a
a.
 nonpolar molecule.
c.
 charged molecule.
b.
 polar molecule.
d.
 bipolar molecule.
 29.
A chemical formula shows the
a.
 kinds of bonds found in the molecule.
b.
 kinds of bonds found in the compound.
c.
 kinds of elements found in the compound.
d.
 arrangement of the elements found in the compound.
 30.
Ionic bonds form between molecules that have
a.
 opposite charges.
c.
 no charges.
b.
 the same charge.
d.
 neutral charges.
 31.
The bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons is called a(n)
a.
 hydrogen bond.
c.
 covalent bond.
b.
 ionic bond.
d.
 water bond.
 32.
Sharing of electrons in the outer energy levels of two atoms
a.
 results in ion formation.
b.
 occurs in covalent bonds.
c.
 only occurs if both are atoms of the same element.
d.
 is found only among carbon atoms.
 33.
Water is important to life because it
a.
 surrounds all cells.
b.
 is found inside cells.
c.
 influences the shape of the cell membrane.
d.
 All of the above
 34.
Nonpolar molecules have
a.
 no negative or positive poles.
c.
 only a negative pole.
b.
 both negative and positive poles.
d.
 only a positive pole.
 35.
When placed in the same container, oil and water do not mix because
a.
 they are both polar.
c.
 they are both nonpolar.
b.
 water is polar and oil is nonpolar.
d.
 water is nonpolar and oil is polar.
 36.
Due to the polarity of water, compounds that dissolve best in water contain
a.
 nonpolar bonds.
c.
 polar bonds.
b.
 ionic bonds.
d.
 Both (b) and (c)
 37.
Water is a polar molecule because
a.
 it contains two hydrogen atoms for each oxygen atom.
b.
 it has a charge.
c.
 different parts of the molecule have slightly different charges.
d.
 it does not have a charge.
 38.
Acidic solutions have a pH that is
a.
 less than 7.
c.
 a negative number.
b.
 between 7 and 14.
d.
 more than 7.
 39.
Hydrogen ions, H+, react with hydroxide ions, OH-, to form
a.
 water.
c.
 a base.
b.
 an acid.
d.
 None of the above
 40.
Which of the following is not an organic macromolecule?
a.
 carbohydrate
c.
 lipid
b.
 ice
d.
 nucleic acid
 41.
All organic compounds contain the element
a.
 carbon.
c.
 calcium.
b.
 nitrogen.
d.
 sodium.
 42.
Which of the following organic molecules are classified as carbohydrates?
a.
 amino acids
c.
 nucleotides
b.
 fatty acids
d.
 sugars
 43.
Polysaccharides are
a.
 carbohydrates.
c.
 proteins.
b.
 lipids.
d.
 unsaturated fats.
 44.
Lipids are
a.
 polar molecules.
c.
 water soluble.
b.
 similar to water molecules.
d.
 nonpolar molecules.
 45.
Which of the following organic molecules are most closely related to proteins?
a.
 amino acids
c.
 nucleotides
b.
 fatty acids
d.
 sugars
 46.
Long chains of amino acids are found in
a.
 carbohydrates.
c.
 proteins.
b.
 lipids.
d.
 sugars.
 47.
All of the following are examples of lipids except
a.
 saturated fats.
c.
 cholesterol.
b.
 starch.
d.
 earwax.
 48.
Lipids are soluble in
a.
 water.
c.
 oil.
b.
 salt water.
d.
 All of the above
 49.
Which organic molecules below are most closely related to lipids?
a.
 amino acids
c.
 nucleotides
b.
 fatty acids
d.
 sugars
 50.
Which of the following organic molecules are most closely related to nucleic acids?
a.
 amino acids
c.
 nucleotides
b.
 fatty acids
d.
 sugars
 51.
Which of the following is a carbohydrate?
a.
 DNA
c.
 wax
b.
 insulin
d.
 sucrose
 52.
Carbohydrates and lipids have many carbon-hydrogen bonds; therefore, they both
a.
 store energy in these bonds.
c.
 dissolve only in vinegar.
b.
 are easily dissolved in water.
d.
 exist only in cells of plants.
nar001-1.jpg
nar001-2.jpg
Molecule A
Molecule B
 53.
Refer to the illustration above. Molecules like Molecule B are found in
a.
 carbohydrates.
c.
 nucleic acids.
b.
 lipids.
d.
 proteins.
 54.
Liquid fats called oils contain
a.
 mostly unsaturated fatty acids.
c.
 many glucose molecules.
b.
 mostly saturated fatty acids.
d.
 amino acids.
 55.
Animals store glucose in the form of
a.
 cellulose.
c.
 wax.
b.
 glycogen.
d.
 lipids.
 56.
The shape of a protein is primarily determined by
a.
 the type and sequence of its amino acids.
b.
 its size.
c.
 its cell location.
d.
 None of the above
 57.
The two types of nucleic acids are
a.
 chlorophyll and retinal.
c.
 lipids and sugars.
b.
 DNA and RNA.
d.
 glucose and glycogen.
 58.
DNA stores
a.
 fat.
c.
 protein.
b.
 carbohydrates.
d.
 heredity information.
 59.
The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by
a.
 ionic bonds.
c.
 hydrogen bonds.
b.
 covalent bonds.
d.
 None of the above
 60.
A molecule shaped like a spiral staircase (double helix) is typical of
a.
 deoxyribonucleic acid.
c.
 lipids.
b.
 ribonucleic acid.
d.
 carbohydrates.
 61.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) stores energy for cells to use in the bonds between its
a.
 amino acids.
c.
 nucleotides.
b.
 carbon atoms.
d.
 phosphates.
nar002-1.jpg
 62.
Refer to the illustration above. Which graph illustrates what happens during an energy-releasing reaction?
a.
 Graph A
b.
 Graph B
c.
 both graphs because they each show a different stage of an energy releasing reaction
d.
 None of the above
 63.
Refer to the illustration above. Which graph illustrates a reaction during which energy is released?
a.
 Graph A
b.
 Graph B
c.
 both graphs because all chemical reactions release energy
d.
 None of the above
nar003-1.jpg
 64.
Refer to the illustration above. Which of the following statements regarding the graph is true?
a.
 Reaction 2 occurs faster than Reaction 3 because Reaction 2 requires more energy than Reaction 3.
b.
 The difference between the graphs shown for Reaction 2 and Reaction 3 is because of a difference in the activation energy of these reactions.
c.
 Reactant A contains more energy at the beginning of the reaction than product C has after the reaction.
d.
 All of the above
 65.
Refer to the illustration above. Reaction 3 in the graph
a.
 probably occurred in the presence of a catalyst.
b.
 requires more activation energy than Reaction 2.
c.
 is the same as Reaction 1, but faster.
d.
 is slower than Reaction 2.
 66.
The molecule on which an enzyme acts is called a(n)
a.
 active site.
c.
 organic molecule.
b.
 inactive site.
d.
 substrate.
 67.
An enzyme
a.
 is not used up when catalyzing a reaction.
b.
 lowers the activation energy of a reaction.
c.
 bonds with a substrate molecule at the enzyme’s active site.
d.
 All of the above
 68.
Which of the following conditions affects the function of enzymes?
a.
 pH
c.
 enzyme concentration
b.
 heat
d.
 All of the above
 69.
Reducing activation energy
a.
 is a violation of the laws of nature.
b.
 requires higher temperatures than those found within cells.
c.
 occurs only when reactants are quickly added to the reaction mixture.
d.
 is accomplished by the action of catalysts on reactants.
 70.
Enzymes
a.
 are able to heat up molecules so that they can react.
b.
 always provide carbon dioxide for chemical reactions.
c.
 are biological catalysts.
d.
 absorb excess heat so that reactions occur at low temperatures.
 71.
A cell contains
a.
 thousands of different kinds of enzymes, each promoting a different chemical reaction.
b.
 one kind of enzyme that promotes thousands of different chemical reactions.
c.
 approximately 100 kinds of enzymes, each promoting a different chemical reaction.
d.
 one enzyme that promotes photosynthesis and one enzyme that promotes cellular respiration.
 72.
Amylase is a digestive enzyme that breaks down starch into
a.
 amino acids.
c.
 glycogen.
b.
 glucose.
d.
 cellulose.
 73.
The digestive enzyme pepsin works with hydrochloric acid to break down proteins in the stomach. Pepsin probably works best at a pH of
a.
 11.
c.
 3.
b.
 7.
d.
 Both (b) and (c).

 
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