Study Guide Photosynthesis

Name: 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Energy is required for a variety of life processes including

a.	growth and reproduction.
b.	movement.
c.	transport of certain materials across cell membranes.
d.	All of the above

Heterotrophs are organisms that can

a.	produce food from inorganic molecules and sunlight.
b.	survive without energy.
c.	consume other organisms for energy.
d.	carry out either photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

Based on the cycle of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, one can say that the ultimate original source of energy for all living things on Earth is

a.	glucose.	c.	the sun.
b.	water.	d.	carbon dioxide.

The process whereby plants capture energy and make complex molecules is known as

a.	homeostasis.	c.	photosynthesis.
b.	evolution.	d.	development.

Suspended in the fluid stroma of chloroplasts are

a.	organelles called eukaryotes.
b.	numerous mitochondrial membranes.
c.	small coins that provide energy.
d.	stacks of thylakoids called grana.

photosynthesis : oxygen ::

a.	respiration : darkness
b.	light reactions : dark reactions
c.	respiration : carbon dioxide
d.	oxygen : carbon dioxide

biochemical pathway : reaction ::

a.	barrier : wall
b.	match : burn
c.	theater : drama
d.	assembly line : workers

light reactions : thylakoids ::

a.	grana : thylakoids
b.	grana : ATP
c.	Calvin cycle : stroma
d.	stroma : grana of chloroplast

The sun is considered the ultimate source of energy for life on Earth because

a.	all organisms carry out photosynthesis.
b.	all organisms carry out cellular respiration.
c.	either photosynthetic organisms or organisms that have eaten them provide energy for all other organisms on Earth.
d.	the sun heats Earth’s atmosphere.

The energy from the sun is converted into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds in a series of linked chemical reactions called a

a.	photosynthetic reactant.
b.	ATP generator.
c.	chemical equation.
d.	biochemical pathway.

The role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis is to

a.	absorb light energy.
b.	pass electrons to carotenoids.
c.	split water molecules.
d.	All of the above

When light strikes an object, the light may be

a.	reflected.	c.	transmitted.
b.	absorbed.	d.	All of the above

Chlorophyll is green because

a.	it absorbs green wavelengths of light.
b.	it absorbs blue and yellow wavelengths, which make green.
c.	it reflects green wavelengths of light.
d.	it transmits light and causes an optical illusion.

What happens when a chlorophyll molecule absorbs light?

a.	Some of its electrons are raised to a higher energy level.
b.	It disintegrates, giving off huge amounts of heat.
c.	It glows, radiating green light and giving the plant a green appearance.
d.	It attracts electrons from other molecules.

chloroplast : grana ::

a.	photosystem : pigment molecules
b.	chlorophyll : pigments
c.	thylakoids : photosynthesis
d.	chlorophyll : green

When electrons of a chlorophyll molecule are raised to a higher energy level,

a.	they become a particle of light.
b.	they form a glucose bond.
c.	they enter an electron transport chain.
d.	they enter the Calvin cycle.

NADP+ is important in photosynthesis because it

a.	becomes oxidized to form NADP.
b.	is needed to form chlorophyll.
c.	provides additional oxygen atoms.
d.	provides protons and electrons for some reactions.

The electrons of photosystem I

a.	are eventually replaced by electrons from photosystem II.
b.	attach to water molecules during the light reaction.
c.	are at the end of the electron transport chain.
d.	are absorbed by oxygen molecules to form water.

The source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis is

a.	carbon dioxide.	c.	chlorophyll.
b.	water.	d.	glucose.

The major atmospheric byproduct of photosynthesis is

a.	nitrogen.	c.	water.
b.	carbon dioxide.	d.	oxygen.

During the Calvin cycle, carbon-containing molecules are produced from

a.	carbon atoms from ATP.
b.	carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms, and oxygen atoms from glucose.
c.	carbon atoms from carbon dioxide in the air and hydrogen atoms from water.
d.	carbon atoms from carbon dioxide in the air and hydrogen atoms from NADPH.

Which of the following processes occurs in the thylakoid membrane and converts captured light energy into chemical energy?

a.	the Calvin cycle	c.	light absorption
b.	ATP synthase	d.	chemiosmosis

Chemiosmosis in the thylakoid membrane is directly responsible for

a.	adding protons to NADP+.
b.	providing the energy to produce ATP molecules.
c.	producing ATP-synthetase.
d.	generating glucose molecules.

At the thylakoid membrane,

a.	electrons return to their original energy levels.
b.	electrons are pushed out of the thylakoid.
c.	energy from electrons is used to make glucose.
d.	the thylakoid bursts, releasing energy.

Products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that provide energy for the Calvin cycle are

a.	oxygen and ATP.	c.	ATP and NADPH.
b.	water and oxygen.	d.	oxygen and NADPH.

The Calvin cycle of photosynthesis

a.	requires ATP and NADPH.
b.	can occur in both light and dark conditions.
c.	generates glucose.
d.	All of the above

The energy used in the Calvin cycle for the production of carbohydrate molecules comes from

a.	ATP made during cellular respiration.
b.	the Krebs cycle.
c.	ATP made in the light reactions of photosynthesis.
d.	CO2 absorbed during the last stage of photosynthesis.

During photosynthesis, the series of reactions that create the complex carbohydrates needed for energy and growth is called

a.	the Calvin cycle.
b.	the Krebs cycle.
c.	the light reactions.
d.	the electron transport chain.

All organic molecules contain carbon atoms that ultimately can be traced back in the food chain to

a.	the bodies of heterotrophs.
b.	carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
c.	water absorbed by plants.
d.	the carbon that comes from the sun.

Which of the following can be produced from the products of the Calvin cycle?

a.	carbohydrates	c.	proteins
b.	lipids	d.	All of the above

C3, C4, and CAM plants differ from each other in that

a.	C3 plants use the Calvin cycle for carbon fixation and C4 and CAM plants use different pathways for carbon fixation.
b.	C3 plants have their stomata open during the day and C4 and CAM plants have their stomata open only at night.
c.	C3 and C4 plants have their stomata open during the day and CAM plants have their stomata open only at night.
d.	C3 plants use CO2 to form organic compounds and C4 and CAM plants use other sources of carbon.

Refer to the illustration above. Graph 1 demonstrates that the rate of photosynthesis

a.	decreases in response to increasing light intensity.
b.	increases indefinitely in response to increasing light intensity.
c.	increases in response to increasing light intensity, but only to a certain point.
d.	is unaffected by changes in light intensity.

Refer to the illustration above. Taken together, these graphs demonstrate that

a.	photosynthesis is independent of environmental influences.
b.	increases in light intensity cause increases in temperature.
c.	as the rate of photosynthesis increases, the temperature of the plant eventually decreases.
d.	the rate of photosynthesis is affected by changes in the plant’s environment.

Why do the cells of plant roots generally lack chloroplasts? Write your answer in the space below.

Define the terms autotroph and heterotroph. What types of organisms belong in each of these categories? Write your answer in the space below.