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Unit 1 Chemistry Study Guide |
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| What characterizes a prokaryotic cell? |
| Why do experiments need a control? |
| Why do scientists use the scientific method to study environmental problems? |
| List the hierarchy of organization for living things & for classification. |
| Why is evolution the "biological theme that ties together all the others"? |
| If neon has an atomic number of 10, how many valence electrons does it have & what does this tell you about this element? |
| List properties of all life forms. |
| In which kingdom would you find the E. coli bacterium? |
| What must be done before a hypothesis is proven to be true? |
| What composes all living things? |
| How do isotopes differ from each other? |
| If an element has its valence electron shell filled, what is true about its reactivity? |
| How are molecules formed? |
| How are ionic bonds formed? |
| How do polar covalent bonds form? |
| What type of weak bond exists between water molecules? |
| What type of bond forms from unequal sharing of electrons between atoms? |
| How does carbon-12 differ from carbon-14? |
| What type of bond forms between 2 atoms that are equally electronegative? |
| What determines the reactive properties of an atom? |
| The sum of protons & neutrons in an atom? |
| Determine the number of valence electrons for carbon & hydrogen. |
| Determine the number of neutrons for sulfur. |
| How can you tell if an atom has the same valence as carbon? |
| What happens to ionic bonds in water? |
| Name 2 isotopes of hydrogen. |
| Sketch the electron configuration of oxygen & neon. |
| When reactions continue with no effect on the concentration of reactants & products, what is this called? |
| When do Van der Waal interactions occur? |
| What would be the pH for acids, bases, neutral solutions? |
| What type of bond occurs when the partial negative charge of one water molecule is attracted to the partial positive charge of another water molecule? |
| What property of water is probably the most important for the functioning of organisms at the molecular level? |
| In which type of solutions would there be a greater concentration of hydroxyl ions — acids or bases? |
| In which type of solutions would there be a greater concentration of hydrogen ions — acids or bases? |
| What is the difference in hydrogen ion concentration between a solution with a pH of 3 and a solution with a pH of 5? |
| Explain how the formation of ice during cold weather helps to temper the transition to winter. |
| Be able to explain how to make a 1 Molar solution of glucose. |
| Which end of the water molecule is electronegative? |
| What determines the cohesiveness of water? |
| If a compound contains hydroxyl groups, is it water soluble? |
| Which element is the most abundant in the dry weight of humans? |
| What type of isomers have variations in their arrangement around a double bond? |
| How do glucose & fructose differ? |
| What type of bonds do carbon atoms form? |
| Be able to recognize these functional groups — carbonyl, sulfhydryl, methyl, phosphate, amino, carboxyl, & hydroxyl. |
| What functional group is found in alcohols like glycerol? |
| Which monomer makes the macromolecule it forms an organic acid? |
| Draw the structural isomers for butane. |
| What lipid makes up biological membranes? |
| How are alpha helix proteins stabilized? |
| What chemical reaction is used to synthesize macromolecules like polypeptides & starch? |
| How are DNA & RNA different? |
| Sketch a fatty acid. |
| What is the basic structure of a steroid? |
| Is polymerization anabolism or catabolism? |
| Show how a dipeptide is formed. |
| What causes the tertiary structure of proteins? |
| What are the 2 forms at the secondary level of protein structure? How do they differ? |
| What reaction must occur to break a peptide bond? |
| What structural feature allows DNA to replicate itself? |
| What does it mean if the 2 strands of DNA are complementary? |
| Which macromolecule yields the greatest amount of energy? |
| Describe a nucleotide. |
| Name the purines & pyrimidines. |