| Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. |
| 1. | Biology is the study of a. | minerals. | c. | the weather. | b. | life. | d. | energy. |
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| 2. | Instructions for traits that are passed from parents to offspring are known as a. | a species plan. | c. | genes. | b. | organ codes. | d. | natural selections. |
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| 3. | Homeostasis means a. | a change over long periods of time. | b. | keeping things the same. | c. | rapid change. | d. | the same thing as evolution. |
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| 4. | The smallest units that can carry on all the functions of life are called a. | molecules. | c. | organelles. | b. | cells. | d. | species. |
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| 5. | Living things a. | need energy for life processes. | b. | have the ability to reproduce. | c. | are composed of cells. | d. | All of the above |
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| 6. | A scientist noticed that in acidic pond water some salamanders developed with curved spines. This was a(n) a. | hypothesis. | c. | observation. | b. | theory. | d. | control. |
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| 7. | The smallest particle of carbon that can retain the chemical properties of carbon is a. | a carbon molecule. | b. | a carbon macromolecule. | c. | a carbon atom. | d. | the nucleus of a carbon atom. |
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| 8. | The electrons of an atom a. | are found in the nucleus along with the protons. | b. | orbit the nucleus in various energy levels. | c. | have a positive charge. | d. | are attracted to the positive charge of neutrons. |
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| 9. | Atoms that have gained energy a. | have protons and neutrons that move farther apart. | b. | lose neutrons from the nucleus. | c. | have electrons that move to higher energy levels. | d. | absorb electrons into the nucleus. |
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| 10. | Because carbon has four electrons in its outer energy level, a. | it can form bonds with carbon atoms only. | b. | these atoms are naturally chemically stable. | c. | it can react with up to four other atoms to form covalent bonds. | d. | it cannot react with anything other than organic molecules. |
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| 11. | Sharing of electrons between atoms of two or more elements a. | results in the formation of an ion. | b. | results in the formation of a compound. | c. | results in the formation of noble gases. | d. | results in destabilization of the atoms involved. |
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| 12. | Which of the following statements most accurately describes the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond? a. | Atoms held together by ionic bonds separate when placed in water, while atoms held together by covalent bonds do not separate in water. | b. | Ionic bonds hold together atoms of two different types, while covalent bonds hold together atoms of the same type. | c. | Electrons are exchanged between atoms held together by an ionic bond, but they are shared between atoms held together by a covalent bond. | d. | Ionic bonds form between atoms that carry opposite charges, while covalent bonds form between uncharged atoms. |
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| 13. | All organic compounds contain the element |
| 14. | Which of the following is a carbohydrate? a. | DNA | c. | wax | b. | insulin | d. | sucrose |
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| 15. | Animals store glucose in the form of a. | cellulose. | c. | wax. | b. | glycogen. | d. | lipids. |
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| 16. | Amino acids are monomers of a. | disaccharides. | c. | nucleotides. | b. | proteins. | d. | steroids. |
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| 17. |  Refer to the illustration above. Molecules like molecule 2 are found in a. | carbohydrates. | c. | nucleic acids. | b. | lipids. | d. | proteins. |
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| 18. | Saturated fatty acids contain a. | carbon atoms that are each bonded to four other atoms. | b. | carbon atoms linked by double bonds. | c. | no carboxyl (–COOH) groups. | d. | more than 100 carbon atoms. |
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| 19. | Nucleic acids include a. | chlorophyll and retinal. | b. | DNA and RNA. | c. | lipids and sugars. | d. | glucose and glycogen. |
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| 20. | When the volume of a cell increases, its surface area a. | increases at the same rate. | b. | remains the same. | c. | increases at a faster rate. | d. | increases at a slower rate. |
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| 21. | One difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that a. | nucleic acids are found only in prokaryotes. | b. | mitochondria are found in larger quantities in eukaryotes. | c. | the Golgi apparatus is found only in prokaryotes. | d. | prokaryotes have no nuclear membrane. |
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| 22. | Only eukaryotic cells have a. | DNA. | c. | ribosomes. | b. | membrane-bound organelles. | d. | cytoplasm. |
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| 23. | The structure that regulates what enters and leaves the cell is called the a. | nucleus. | c. | nuclear membrane. | b. | cell wall. | d. | plasma membrane. |
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| 24. | A structure within a cell that performs a specific function is called a(n) a. | organelle. | c. | tissue. | b. | organ tissue. | d. | biocenter. |
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| 25. | The Golgi apparatus is an organelle that a. | receives proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum. | b. | labels the molecules made in the endoplasmic reticulum with tags that specify their destination. | c. | releases molecules in vesicles. | d. | All of the above |
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| 26. | In which of the following organelles is a cell’s ATP produced? a. | mitochondrion | c. | Golgi apparatus | b. | endoplasmic reticulum | d. | lysosome |
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| 27. | Proteins are made on the a. | mitochondria. | c. | nucleus. | b. | ribosomes. | d. | plasma membrane. |
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| 28. | Refer to the illustration above. Which structure immediately identifies this cell as a eukaryote? a. | structure 1 | c. | structure 3 | b. | structure 2 | d. | structure 4 |
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| 29. | Refer to the illustration above. Structure 1 is a. | the endoplasmic reticulum. | b. | a Golgi apparatus. | c. | a mitochondrion. | d. | the nucleus. |
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| 30. | The organelles associated with photosynthesis are the a. | mitochondria. | c. | Golgi apparatus. | b. | chloroplasts. | d. | vacuoles. |
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| 31. | Diffusion takes place a. | only through a lipid bilayer membrane. | b. | from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. | c. | only in liquids. | d. | from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
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| 32. | The process by which water passes into or out of a cell is called a. | solubility. | c. | selective transport. | b. | osmosis. | d. | endocytosis. |
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| 33. |  Refer to the illustration above. The process shown is called a. | osmosis. | c. | active transport. | b. | facilitated diffusion. | d. | diffusion. |
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| 34. | Ridding the cell of material by discharging it from sacs at the cell surface is called a. | pinocytosis. | c. | exocytosis. | b. | phagocytosis. | d. | endocytosis. |
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| 35. | Placing a plant into a hypertonic environment will a. | cause turgor pressure to increase. | b. | cause the plant to take in water. | c. | have no effect. | d. | cause turgor pressure to decrease. |
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| 36. | Based on the cycle of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, one can say that the ultimate original source of energy for all living things on Earth is a. | glucose. | c. | the sun. | b. | water. | d. | carbon dioxide. |
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| 37. | Suspended in the fluid stroma of chloroplasts are a. | organelles called eukaryotes. | b. | numerous mitochondrial membranes. | c. | small coins that provide energy. | d. | stacks of thylakoids called grana. |
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| 38. | The role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis is to a. | absorb light energy. | b. | pass electrons to carotenoids. | c. | split water molecules. | d. | All of the above |
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| 39. | What happens when a chlorophyll molecule absorbs light? a. | Some of its electrons are raised to a higher energy level. | b. | It disintegrates, giving off huge amounts of heat. | c. | It glows, radiating green light and giving the plant a green appearance. | d. | It attracts electrons from other molecules. |
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| 40. | The source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis is a. | carbon dioxide. | c. | chlorophyll. | b. | water. | d. | glucose. |
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| 41. | The major atmospheric byproduct of photosynthesis is a. | nitrogen. | c. | water. | b. | carbon dioxide. | d. | oxygen. |
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| 42. | During photosynthesis, the series of reactions that create the complex carbohydrates needed for energy and growth is called a. | the Calvin cycle. | b. | the Krebs cycle. | c. | the light reactions. | d. | the electron transport chain. |
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| 43. | The process of cellular respiration a. | is performed only by organisms that are incapable of photosynthesis. | b. | breaks down food molecules to release stored energy. | c. | occurs before plants are able to carry out photosynthesis. | d. | occurs only in animals. |
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| 44. | When muscles are exercised extensively in the absence of sufficient oxygen, a. | a large amount of ATP is formed. | b. | NADH molecules split. | c. | lactic acid is produced. | d. | cellular respiration ceases. |
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| 45. | Which of the following is not part of cellular respiration? a. | electron transport | c. | the Krebs cycle | b. | glycolysis | d. | the Calvin cycle |
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| 46. | In order to fit within a cell, DNA becomes more compact by a. | breaking apart into separate genes. | b. | extending to form very long, thin molecules. | c. | wrapping tightly around associated proteins. | d. | being enzymatically changed into a protein. |
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| 47. | The diploid number of chromosomes in a human skin cell is 46. How many chromosomes are in a human egg cell? |
| 48. | Which of the following is not a characteristic of most insects? a. | wings | b. | three body regions | c. | an endoskeleton | d. | abdomen with three pairs of legs |
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| 49. | While insects can destroy crops grown for human consumption, they also contribute to crop production by a. | serving as food for many animals. | b. | pollinating crop plants. | c. | feeding on decaying wood. | d. | stimulating crop plants to grow faster. |
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| 50. | Refer to the illustration above. The life cycle shown is an example of a. | direct development. | b. | complete metamorphosis. | c. | seasonal development. | d. | incomplete metamorphosis. |
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