Evolution & Phylogeny AP Study Guide

Unit 6 Evolution & Phylogeny Study Guide
Be able to give an example of an idea that Charles Darwin borrowed from Thomas Malthus Know some anatomical structures that would be homologous to the wing of a bat Know what important information was unavailable to Darwin in the mid-nineteenth century when he formulated his theory of evolution Know the name of Darwin’s 1859 publication Be able to explain all parts of the Darwin-Wallace theory of natural selection Be able to explain how phylogenetic relationships are determined for closely related species Be able to differentiate between analogous & homolgous structures Know the requirements for the maintenance of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium Be able to use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to determine allele frequencies and genotypic frequencies Be able to describe and give an example of a cline Be able to explain the bottleneck effect Know what process creates new alleles and serves to balance natural selection Be able to explain & give an example of genetic drift Know what is meant by the “gene pool” Know the major divisions of geologic time Be able to give several examples of fossil types Be able to explain binomial nomenclature Be able to list in order the major taxonomic categories Know what individuals in a population would most often carry copies of harmful recessive alleles Be able to explain & give an example of hybrid sterility Be able to explain & give an example of ecological isolation of species Know what polyploidy is & how it can cause rapid speciation Know the effect of mitosis & meiosis on allelic frequencies in nature Be able to explain the effect on alleles when new members move into a population Know the difference in prezygotic & postzygotic barriers Be able to name & and give examples of prezygotic and postzygotic barriers Be able to explain & give examples of mechanical and behavioral isolation Know the difference between sympatric isolation and allopatric isolation Be able to explain why such a great diversity of life exists on the Hawaiian & Galapagos Islands Be able to tell the difference between anagenesis & cladogenesis Know what taxonomic level can exist as a discrete unit in nature Know what taxonomic unit would show the most genetic variation Be able to explain & give an example of adaptive radiation Be able to determine the age of a fossil using the half-life of carbon-14 Know what major evolutionary episode occurred closely with the formation of Pangaea Be able to explain phylogeny Know the significance of the asteroid hypothesis Be able to explain & give examples of divergent & convergent evolution