Biology Junction Team - BIOLOGY JUNCTION

Quiz Viruses

Name:

Viruses

True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
	1.	Although viruses do not consist of cells, biologists consider them to be living because they are capable of reproduction.
	2.	Wendell Stanley made the important discovery that viruses are not cellular.
	3.	Viruses consist of RNA or DNA surrounded by a coat of protein.
	4.	Prions are the smallest known particles that are able to replicate.
	5.	A virus can only reproduce by controlling a cell.
	6.	People can contract the influenza virus more than once because the virus tends to mutate rapidly, avoiding the actions of the immune system.
	7.	Smallpox is caused by bacteria.
	8.	Chickenpox and shingles are caused by the same virus.
	9.	The viruses that have been linked to human cancers are usually transmitted through the air.
Completion Complete each sentence or statement.
	10.	The protein coat of a virus is called a(n) ____________________.
	11.	Most viruses occur in the shape of a(n) ____________________ or a(n) ____________________.
	12.	A virus that transcribes DNA from an RNA template is called a(n) ____________________.
	13.	An enzyme called ____________________ manufactures DNA that is complementary to a virus’s RNA.
	14.	____________________ are bacterial viruses with a polyhedral head and a helical tail.
	15.	All viruses reproduce by taking over the reproductive machinery of a ____________________.
	16.	Viruses that infect a host cell and have their nucleic acid replicated but do not harm the host cell are in a ____________________ cycle.
	17.	A viral DNA molecule formed from an RNA virus is called a(n) ____________________.
	18.	The virus that causes AIDS is called ____________________.
	19.	Some viruses are thought to induce ____________________, a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell division.
	20.	An example of an emerging virus is the ____________________ virus.

Photosynthesis

Name:

Photosynthesis

True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
	1.	All organisms require energy to carry out life processes.
	2.	Animals that live exclusively on a diet of other animals are unable to use carbohydrates to fuel their life processes.
	3.	When light hits a plant, all of the wavelengths are absorbed and used to make sugar.
	4.	A series of linked chemical reactions in which the product of one chemical reaction serves as the reactant in the next reaction is called a biochemical pathway.
	5.	An autotroph is able to make its own organic molecules from inorganic materials and energy.
	6.	The major light-absorbing pigment in plants is chlorophyll.
	7.	Plant cells use light to make ATP and NADPH.
	8.	The “light reactions” of photosynthesis can occur only under light conditions, and the “dark reactions” occur only during the dark hours.
	9.	The final product of photosynthesis is not actually glucose.
	10.	C4 and CAM plants use less water to produce the same amount of carbohydrate as C3 plants.
Completion Complete each sentence or statement.
	11.	Stacks of thylakoids, called ____________________, are found suspended in the stroma of chloroplasts.
	12.	A pigment that absorbs primarily red and blue photons of light for photosynthesis is called ____________________, while pigments that absorb other wavelengths and appear yellow and orange are called ____________________.
	13.	Organisms that harvest energy from either sunlight or chemicals in order to make food molecules are called ____________________.
	14.	The main pigment associated with the two photosystems is ____________________.
	15.	In the electron transport chain of photosynthesis, electrons travel from molecule to molecule as part of a(n) ____________________ atom.
	16.	The abundance of oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere is a result of ____________________.
	17.	Chemiosmosis results in the release of ____________________.
	18.	The third stage of photosynthesis, in which glucose is manufactured, is called the ____________________.
	19.	The scientist who determined the sequence of steps in the light-independent reactions was ____________________.
	20.	The ____________________ plants have an enzyme that is more efficient at fixing CO2 than is the enzyme that accomplishes this in ____________________.

Quiz Evolution

Name:

Evolution

True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
	1.	The theory of evolution states that species change over time.
	2.	The inheritance of acquired characteristics was one mechanism of evolution supported by Darwin.
	3.	Darwin observed that the plants and animals of the Galapagos Islands were the same as those on islands off the coast of Africa with similar environments.
	4.	The book Principles of Geology by Charles Lyell described how changes in land formations can cause species to evolve.
	5.	In his “Essay on the Principle of Population,” Malthus said humans were the only population that could continue to grow in size indefinitely.
	6.	The two major ideas that Darwin presented in The Origin of Species were that evolution occurred and that natural selection was its mechanism.
	7.	The environment dictates only the direction and extent of evolution.
	8.	The environment selects which organisms will survive and reproduce by presenting challenges that only individuals with particular traits can meet.
	9.	The way an embryo develops is not important in determining the evolutionary history of a species.
	10.	Within populations, divergence leads to new species.
Completion Complete each sentence or statement.
	11.	When an organism becomes ____________________, the tissues are replaced by harder minerals.
	12.	A species that has disappeared permanently is said to be ____________________.
	13.	A change in species over time is called ____________________.
	14.	The process by which organisms with traits well suited to an environment survive and reproduce at a greater rate than organisms less suited for that environment is called ____________________.
	15.	According to Darwin, the ____________________ determines the rate at which organisms survive and reproduce.
	16.	A(n) ____________________ consists of all the individuals of a particular species in a particular place.
	17.	Homologous structures are similar because they originated in a shared ____________________.
	18.	____________________ structures are similar because they originated in a shared ancestor.
	19.	Closely related species show more ____________________ in nucleotide sequences than distantly related species.
	20.	____________________ occurs as two or more species change in response to each other.

Quiz Bacteria

Name:

Bacteria

True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
	1.	Gram-negative bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan that stains purple.
	2.	Bacteria lack nuclei and therefore also lack genetic material.
	3.	Bacterial cells have membrane-bound organelles and chromosomes.
	4.	Bacterial cells are usually much larger than eukaryotic cells.
	5.	Bacteria are incapable of movement themselves; they can only get to new locations by growing toward them or by forming endospores and being carried in air or water.
	6.	Some bacteria cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.
	7.	When bacteria undergo nonreproductive genetic recombination, their bacterial chromosome is altered.
	8.	Certain antibiotics have become ineffective against certain strains of bacteria. These bacteria have developed a resistance, which may be passed on from one generation of bacteria to the next.
	9.	The photoautotrophic bacteria are the only bacteria that are indirectly beneficial to humans.
Completion Complete each sentence or statement.
	10.	Spiral bacteria are called ____________________.
	11.	Spherical bacteria are called ____________________.
	12.	Rod-shaped bacteria are called ____________________.
	13.	The procedure used to distinguish between two types of bacterial cell wall structures is called ____________________.
	14.	Protective structures that some bacteria may form under harsh conditions are ____________________.
	15.	The cell walls of Gram-negative eubacteria are composed of a combination of polysaccharide and polypeptide called ____________________.
	16.	Bacteria that obtain their energy by removing electrons from inorganic molecules, rather than obtaining energy from the sun, are called ____________________ bacteria.
	17.	In general, organisms that obtain their energy from sunlight are called ____________________.
	18.	Bacteria that are heterotrophic and feed on dead organic matter are called ____________________.
	19.	A(n) ____________________ is a substance that can be obtained from bacteria or fungi and can be used as a drug to fight pathogenic bacteria.
	20.	Many bacteria are ____________________ and play an important role in recycling carbon, nitrogen, and other elements, while other bacteria are ____________________ and assemble organic compounds from carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and other elements.