PreAP Biology Project Due Dates
| Project | Due Date |
Author: Biology Junction Team
Preap Bacteria Notes
| Bacteria Review |  |
1. The most numerous organisms on Earth are ____________________________________.
2. Type of bacteria that peptidoglycan is absent in cell walls _____________________________________________.
3. Type of bacteria that obtain energy from inorganic substances are __________________________________ _________________________________.
4. Type of bacteria that obtain nutrients from dead organisms ____________________________ ______________________________________.
5. Organisms that lack a cell nucleus are called ______________________________.
6. Most prokaryotes are __________________________________organisms.
7. Almost all prokaryotes are ____________________ than the smallest Eukaryotes.
8. Prokaryotes have _____________________________ that are different from those of Eukaryotes.
9. The bacteria can be divided into two Kingdoms: ______________________________ and
____________________________________________.
10. The ______________________________________ are a group of bacteria that live in Harsh Environments.
11. The prefix “ARCHEA” means ___________________________________.
12. Archaebacteria can be divided into Three Groups. LIST AND DESCRIBE EACH GROUP:
A. _____________________ ____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
B. _____________________ ____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
C. _____________________ ____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
13. The Archaebacteria that produce methane are called _______________________________.
14. Archaebacteria that thrive in very salty conditions, such as the Dead Sea, are called
________________________________ ______________________________.
15. Archaebacteria that can live in extremely hot or acidic water are called ______________________________________________________.
16. The prefix “EU” means _________________________.
17. What is the important tool used for classifying Eubacteria called ________________________ ____________________________.
18. During Gram Staining, depending on structure of their __________ ____________, the
bacteria’s cell walls absorbs either the _______________ or ________________dye.
19.Those bacteria that take on the purple color are called _________________
_________________________ ___________________________
20. Gram-positive Bacteria used to make antibiotics are called __________________________________.
21. Gram-positive bacteria cause many diseases in humans by producing _________________________
which are poisons to our bodies.
22. Bacteria that appear Pink after staining are called _______________
________________________ ___________________________.
23. Gram-negative bacteria have an extra layer of ________________ on the outside
of the ____________ ____________ and appear ___________ after the Gram staining.
24. The lipid layer _______________ the purple stain from entering the cell wall.
25. Gram-negative bacteria do absorb the ____________ stain during the Gram-staining.
26. The extra layer of lipids also stops many ________________________ from entering the bacteria.
27. Scientist think that gram-negative bacteria may have evolved from a
____________________________ _____________________________.
28. ______________________ grow in the root nodules of such plants as soybean, clover, and alfalfa.
29. Rhizobacteria fix ______________________ from the atmosphere into a form that plants
and animals can use (this greatly helps both plants and animals). They convert the gaseous
nitrogen into compounds such as __________________________ (NH3).
30. Gram-negative bacteria are distinguished by an extra layer of _________________.
31. _______________________ are Gram-negative bacteria that perform plant-like
____________________________ and release oxygen as a by-product.
32. _____________________________ are much _________________ than many other
prokaryotes.
33. Organisms that obtain energy from oxidizing inorganic compound instead of sunlight are called _________________________________.
34. Whiplike structures used by bacteria for movements are called ______________________.
35. Photoautotrophs are bacteria that use ______________________ as an energy source.
36. Bacteria can be one of three different shapes:
A. _____________________________________________(Rod)
B. _____________________________________________(Sphere)
C. _____________________________________________(Spiral)
37. Bacteria usually gain part of their ____________________ from their shape.
38. Two major differences between groups of bacteria are their source of ____________________
and weather or not they use ________________ for cellular respiration.
39. Most bacteria are _______________________; they get their energy by consuming (eating) organic molecules.
40. Some are __________________ that make their own food from ________________.
41. ____________________________ obtain their food from inorganic compound instead of sunlight.
42. _________________________ use sunlight for energy.
43. Organisms that use oxygen during cellular respiration are called ________________ Organisms
that do not use oxygen are called __________________________. Typically they get their energy through _________________________________.
44. Bacteria called ______________ __________________ cannot live without oxygen.
45. Bacteria called ____________ _______________ cannot live in the presence of oxygen.
46. Bacteria called ________________ __________________ can use oxygen when it is available,
but do not depend on it.
47. Most bacteria reproduce by a process called _________________ __________________.
48. Binary fission is a process in which the __________________________ replicate,
after which the ________________ divides.
49. Binary fission is a type of _____________________ reproduction.
50. Some bacteria contain smaller pieces of circular DNA called ________________________.
51. Bacteria can exchange genes by one of three special means: _________________________, __________________________, or _____________________________.
52. The process of exchanging genetic material through cell to cell contact is called
___________________________________.
53. Hair like structures on the surface of bacteria are called ______________________.
54. The process by which bacteria cells pick up and incorporate DNA from dead bacteria cells is called _________________________________.
55. Using a virus to transfer DNA from one bacterial cell to another is called _____________________________.
56. When living conditions become _____________________, some bacteria from special
dehydrated cells called ___________________________________.
57. Bacteria that form ___________________ have an advantage for ____________________.
58. Bacteria the feed on and that break down dead organic material are called ______________________________.
59. Type of bacteria that produces many antibiotics__________________________.
60. Type of bacteria that produces endotoxins ___________________________ ___________________________.
61. Bacteria that can only survive in the absence of oxygen are called _______________________ ____________________________.
62. Gram-negative bacteria appear ________________ when they undergo the Gram-stain procedure.
63. Type of bacteria that performs nitrogen fixation is _________________________.
64. Type of bacteria that peptidoglycan is present in cell walls _________________________________.
65. What bacteria are thought to be responsible for establishing the Earth’s oxygen-rich atmosphere? ____________________________________
66. Bacteria cells typically lack ____________________________________.
67. Bacterial disease of the intestines are usually transmitted by contaminated __________________________ or __________________________.
68. What are the Three Mechanism of action of an antibiotic?
DIRECTIONS: Answer the questions below as completely and as thoroughly as possible. Answer the question in essay form (not outline form), using complete sentences. You may use diagrams to supplement your answers, but a diagram alone without appropriate discussion is inadequate.
1. Describe the capsule of a bacterium and its function.
2. Identify the most common shapes of Eubacteria and Describe each.
3. Compare and Contrast Archaebacteria with Eubacteria.
4. Identify Three Ways that bacteria are used to produce substances for human use.
5. Describe the significance of cyanobacteria in the formation of the Earth’s atmosphere.
6. List the various structures of the bacterial cell, and Describe their function.
7. Explain the laboratory technique Gram stain and Explain what it is used for.
8. Define the term genetic recombination as it applies to bacteria, and Describe Three ways that genetic
recombination occurs in bacteria.
9. Explain how chemoautotrophs differ from photosynthetic autotrophs.
10. Explain how the terms bacteria, Eubacteria, and Archaebacteria, relate to one another.
11. Describe Three Types of movement among bacteria.
12. List the characteristics that are used to classify bacteria.
13. Explain how chemoautotrophs harvest energy from the environment.
14. Describe Two Ways bacteria cause disease.
15. Explain why antibiotic resistance among bacteria is increasing.
16. List one distinguishing characteristic of each of the three main groups of Archaebacteria.
Preap Assignments Sem2
Updated May 2007
Third Nine Weeks
Week of January 8 assignments:
Read & outline chapter 10 on Nucleic Acids; PowerPoint: Nucleic Acids & protein Synthesis; chapter 10 outline due
Week of January 14 assignments:
Chapter 10 study guide; Lab: Strawberry DNA; Chapter 10 TEST on Nucleic Acids; Read & outline chapters 8 & 12 on genetics
Week of January 21 assignments:
PowerPoint on genetics; Monohybrid crosses & ratios; Chapter 8 outline due
I have a Dream! Martin Luther King Holiday
Week of January 28 assignments: 
Lab: Karyotyping; Work genetics problems; Notes on genetic disorders; genetics review; TEST on chapters * & 12 genetics; Read chapters 13 & 14 on evolution
Week of February 4 assignments:
Cover section 14.1 and chapter 15 on Charles Darwin & natural selection; Lab: Natural Selection in Peanuts
Week of February 11 assignments: Interims
study guide on evolution; TEST on chapters13 & 14 Evolution; Read & outline chapter 18 on Taxonomy; PowerPoint notes on taxonomy; Peanut lab write up due
Week of February 18 assignments:
Practice taxonomic keying; Complete taxonomy notes; Chapter 18 TEST on Taxonomy; Read & outline chapters 24 & 25 on bacteria & viruses
Monday Holiday — President’s Day!
Parent-Teacher Conference!
Week of February 25 assignments: 
Notes on Bacteria & Viruses; Assign Virus model to build; Chapter 24 outline due
Week of March 3 assignments:
Notes on Sponges & Cnidarians; Assign Invertebrate drawings; study guide & take online quiz; Continue Koch’s lab
Week of March 10 assignments:
Complete Virus notes; Virus model due; Chapter 25 outline due; TEST on Bacteria & Viruses; Handout & worksheet on plant unit
Week of March 17 assignments:
Cover nonvascular plants, angiosperms, & gymnosperms
Spring Break March 26 – 30!
End of Third Nine weeks
Fourth Nine Weeks
Week of March 24 assignments: 
Monday, Teacher Professional development!
Plant worksheet due; review for plant test; *UNIT TEST on Plants; Assign ecosystem collage; Start answering ecology unit worksheet
Week of March 31 assignments:
Work on and finish ecology unit worksheet; review for ecology test; TEST on Ecology; Read & outline chapter 35 on Sponges & Cnidarians
Good Friday, April 4th!
Week of April 7 assignments:
Ecosystem Collage due!; Notes on Sponges & Cnidarians; study guide; Test on Chapter 35 Sponges & Cnidarians; read & outline chapter 36 on Round & Flat worms
Week of April 14 assignments:
Notes on worms; Chapter 36 outline due; read & outline chapter 37 on Mollusks & Annelids; notes on mollusks & annelids
Week of April 23 assignments: Interims
Biology End-of-Course Exam on Monday, April 16-17th!
Dissect earthworm; *TEST on chapters 36 & 37 Worms & Mollusks; Read & outline chapters 38 & 39 on Arthropods & Insects; Start notes on arthropods
Week of April 30 assignments:
Notes on Insects; review for arthropod test; TEST on chapters 38 & 39 Insects & other Arthropods; read & outline Chapter 40 on Echinoderms
Week of May 7 assignments:
Notes on Echinoderms; Dissect starfish; TEST on Chapter 40 Echinoderms; Read & outline chapters 41 & 42 on fish & amphibians; Assign vertebrate/invertebrate project
Week of May 14 assignments:
Notes on fish & amphibians; fish & amphibian outlines due; read & outline chapter 43 on reptiles
Click frog for jokes
Week of May 9 assignments: Graduation May 25!
Notes on reptiles, birds, and mammals; Read chapters 44 & 45 on birds mammals; UNIT TEST on Vertebrates; Vertebrate/Invertebrate Project due!; semester Test review
Final Exams Start Next Week- Don’t Forget to study!!!
Week of May 28 assignments:
Semester Exams Tuesday, Wednesday, & Thursday; Textbooks due!
Final Exams Start – Don’t Forget to study!!!
End of Fourth Nine weeks
Enjoy your summer!
Preap Articles
| PreAP Biology Articles to Abstract |
An abstract is a summary or synopsis of an article in a journal or magazine. The purpose of preparing an abstract is to acquaint you with scientific literature and to expose you to current topics in biology.
| Special Instructions:
· Articles to be abstracted must be at least two pages (text) in length. · Work cited must be included at the top of the abstract page. · Triple space between the citation & the start of your paper · Abstracts must be handwritten and at least two and a half pages in length. (DO NOT WRITE ON THE BACK!)
|
| MLA Style Periodical Citation:
Author. “Title of Article.” Title of Magazine Date: Page(s). EXAMPLE: Milton, Katherine. “Diet and Primate Evolution.” Scientific American August 1993: 86-94.
|
Abstracts DUE 1st Wednesday of each month August – May.
(Two abstracts due in January – first & 3rd Tuesday.)
Preap Genetics Study Guide
Genetics Review 
| The two genes or alleles that combine to determine a trait would be the organism’s _______________. |
| Type AB blood, having two genes dominant for a trait, is an example of ________. |
| State Mendel’s law of segregation. |
| Rr x Rr is an example of what type of cross —– P1, F1, or F2? |
| If both alleles are the same in a genotype, is the genotype homozygous or heterozygous? |
| Which cross is a cross between two hybrids —– P1, F1, or F2? |
| __________ dominance results in the blending of genes in the hybrid. Give an example using flower color. |
| What is another term for a heterozygous genotype? |
| The _____________ is the physical feature such as round peas that results from a genotype. |
| How many traits are involved in a monohybrid cross? |
| What type of organism was used in the first genetic studies done by Gregor Mendel? |
| What is a karyotype? |
| The two genes for a trait represented by capital & lower case letters are called __________. |
| How many traits are involved in a dihybrid cross? |
| Which of Mendel’s laws states that the dominant gene in a pair will be expressed? |
| If both alleles are the same, is the genotype homozygous or heterozygous? Write an example. |
| Write an example of a hybrid or heterozygous genotype. |
| The genes for sex-linked traits are only carried on which chromosome? |
| Who is considered to be the “father of genetics”? |
| A second filial or F2 cross is also called a ____________ cross. |
| The failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis (egg & sperm formation) is known as _________________. |
| A cross between two pure or homozygous organisms is called what type of cross —– P1, F1, or F2? |
| What genetic disorder results from a sex-linked trait that affects color vision? |
| The genetic disorder called _______________ is known as the “free bleeders” disease. |
| Having three 21st chromosomes causes the genetic disorder known as _________. |
| A person suffering from the genetic disorder called ______________ can not digest fats. |
| _____________________ disease is a genetic disorder where red blood cells carry less oxygen. |
| Work a P1 cross for plant height in peas. |
| Work an F1 cross for plant height in peas. |
DIRECTIONS: Answer the questions below as completely and as thoroughly as possible. Answer the question in essay form (not outline form), using complete sentences. You may use diagrams or pictures to supplement your answers, but a diagram or picture alone without appropriate discussion is inadequate.
1. State the two laws of heredity that resulted from Mendel’s work.
2. What happens during meiosis that would allow genes located on the same chromosome to separate independently of one another?
3. List the steps in Mendel’s experiments on pea plants. Include the P generation, F1 generation, and F2 generation.
4. Write the equation for probability.
5. Distinguish between codominance and incomplete dominance. Give an example of each type of inheritance.
6. Define the terms, dominant and recessive.
7. Relate the events of meiosis to the law of segregation.
8. Explain the difference between a monohybrid cross and dihybrid cross. Give an example of each.
9. Explain how you would use a Punnett square to predict the probable outcome of a monohybrid cross. Draw a Punnett square to demonstrate your monohybrid cross.
10. Explain the terms genotype and phenotype.
11. Explain the terms homozygous and heterozygous.
