Author: Biology Junction Team

Sponges and Cnidarians

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Sponges and Cnidarians

 

 

True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
1.
Sponges are filter feeders.
2.
Sponges are capable of total regeneration, even from the smallest pieces of their bodies.
3.
Polyps are a body form of cnidarians that are specialized for swimming.
4.
Cnidarians are characterized by stinging nematocysts.
5.
The life cycle of anthozoans includes medusae, planulae, and polyps.
6.
Ctenophores lack a nervous system that coordinates their activities, so their movements are erratic.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

     

7.
Refer to the illustration above. Which organism in the diagrams is most closely related to a jellyfish?
a.
Organism “A”
c.
Organism “C”
b.
Organism “B”
d.
Organism “D”
8.
Spicules are
a.
flexible protein fibers.
b.
hard needle-like structures in the wall of a sponge.
c.
similar to seeds; a complete sponge can grow from each spicule.
d.
used for taking in food and water.
9.
Skeletal support in sponges may be provided by
a.
spicules of calcium carbonate.
c.
spongin fibers.
b.
spicules of silicon dioxide.
d.
All of the above
10.
Sponges obtain food
a.
by photosynthesis.
b.
by using their spicules to paralyze protozoa.
c.
by filtering small organisms from the water.
d.
with spongin.
11.
In sponges, currents that draw water through the organism are created by
a.
amoebocytes.
c.
gemmules.
b.
collar cells.
d.
spicules.
12.
Hermaphroditic organisms
a.
reproduce only by asexual means.
b.
produce both eggs and sperm.
c.
have gemmules that are fertilized by amoebocytes.
d.
possess only male amoebocytes.
13.
Sponges can reproduce
a.
by the budding of new sponges from the parent.
b.
by a breakup of the original parent into fragments that each become a new sponge.
c.
sexually, using the production of sperm and eggs.
d.
All of the above
14.
freshwater sponges : gemmules ::
a.
hermaphrodites : eggs and sperm
c.
gemmules : sperms
b.
gemmules : eggs
d.
amoebocytes : eggs
      sponges_and_cnidari_files/i0180000.jpg
15.
Refer to the illustration above. Which organism in the diagrams captures its prey using nematocysts?
a.
Organism “A”
c.
Organism “C”
b.
Organism “B”
d.
Organism “D”
16.
The outer cell layer of a cnidarian is the
a.
ectoderm.
c.
endoderm.
b.
mesoglea.
d.
epidermis.
17.
The phylum Cnidaria includes all of the following except
a.
jellyfish.
c.
sea anemones.
b.
squids.
d.
corals.
18.
Sea anemones are
a.
medusae.
c.
larvae.
b.
polyps.
d.
eggs.
The diagram below illustrates the life cycle of the jellyfish.
     
19.
Refer to the illustration above. Which stage is called a planula?
a.
Stage “1”
c.
Stage “3”
b.
Stage “2”
d.
None of the above
20.
Anthozoans include organisms known as
a.
jellyfish.
c.
Portuguese men-of-war.
b.
hydras.
d.
sea anemones and corals.


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Quiz Genetics

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Genetics

 

 

True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
1.
Genetics is the branch of biology that involves the study of how different traits are transmitted from one generation to the next.
2.
Mendel discovered predictable patterns in the inheritance of traits.
3.
The scientific study of heredity is called genetics.
4.
In Mendel’s experiments with the flower color of pea plants, only the parental generation produced white flowers.
5.
Mendel concluded that the patterns of inheritance are determined entirely by the environment.
6.
The law of independent assortment was proposed by Mendel to explain his observations of inheritance patterns.
7.
Genes on chromosomes are the units of inheritance.
8.
The allele for a recessive trait is usually represented by a capital letter.
9.
Heterozygous individuals have two of the same alleles for a particular gene.
10.
A probability of 1/4 is equal to a probability of 75 percent.
11.
The dominant allele for tallness in pea plants is represented by the letter t.
12.
In codominance, two alleles are expressed at the same time.
13.
All genes have only two alleles.
14.
A dihybrid cross involves two pairs of contrasting traits.
15.
Crosses involving a study of one gene are called monohybrid crosses.
 

Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
16.
A reproductive process in which fertilization occurs within a single plant is ____________________.
17.
Mendel produced strains of pea plants through the process of ____________________.
18.
____________________ refers to the transmission of traits from parent to offspring in sexually reproducing organisms.
19.
In heterozygous individuals, only the ____________________ allele achieves expression.
20.
A trait that is not expressed in the F1 generation resulting from the crossbreeding of two genetically different, true-breeding organisms is called ____________________.
21.
The principle that states that one factor may mask the effect of another factor is the principle of ____________________.
22.
In Mendel’s experiments, a trait that disappeared in the F1 generation but reappeared in the F2 generation was always a ____________________.
23.
The cellular process that results in the segregation of Mendel’s factors is ____________________.
24.
Mendel formulated two principles known as the laws of ____________________.
25.
An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait is called ____________________.
26.
An organism’s ____________________ refers to the set of alleles it has inherited.
27.
The likelihood that a specific event will occur is called ____________________.
In pea plants, tallness (T) is dominant to shortness (t). Crosses between plants with these traits can be analyzed using a Punnett square similar to the one shown below.
T
t
T
1
2
t
3
4
28.
Refer to the illustration above. The parents shown in the Punnett square could have offspring with a genotype ratio of ____________________.
29.
Refer to the illustration above. The phenotype of the plant that would be represented in box “4” of the Punnett square would be ____________________.
30.
A cross involving two pairs of contrasting traits is a(n) ____________________ cross.

 
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Quiz Cells

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Cells

 

 

True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
1.
Robert Hooke observed cork cells under a microscope.
2.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek concluded that all plants are composed of cells.
3.
All living things are composed of many cells.
4.
A cell is the smallest unit that can carry on all the processes of life.
5.
Inside smaller cells, materials and information can be transported more quickly.
6.
Membranes are selectively permeable if they allow only certain substances to diffuse across them.
7.
Lysosomes carry on cellular respiration.
8.
Microtubules and microfilaments form the cytoskeleton of cells.
9.
Colonial organisms differ from single-celled organisms in that each cell cannot support its own existence.
 

Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
10.
The statement that “cells are produced only from existing cells” is part of the ____________________.
11.
The ratio of surface area to volume puts limitations on a cell’s ____________________.
12.
Eukaryotic cells are much larger and have more specialized functions than prokaryotic cells because they contain ____________________ which take up space and carry out specialized activities.
13.
A cell with a well-defined nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane is called a(n) ____________________ cell.
14.
A cell membrane is said to be ____________________ permeable because it allows the passage of some solutes and not others.
15.
____________________ molecules have “heads” and “tails” and are found in the cell membrane.
16.
Scientists have discovered that cells contain smaller specialized structures known as ____________________.
17.
The spherical organelles that are the site of protein synthesis in a cell are the ____________________.
18.
The meshlike network of protein fibers that supports the shape of the cell is called the ____________________.
19.
The fluid portion of the cytoplasm is called the ____________________.
20.
Photosynthesis takes place in the ____________________ of plant cells.

 
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Seed Plants

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Seed Plants

 

 

True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
1.
Tracheids and sieve tubes make up a xylem vessel.
2.
The main function of ground tissue is to conduct water and minerals.
3.
Vascular tissue is found within ground tissue, which makes up the outside of the plant.
4.
The outer protective layer of tissue on a vascular plant is known as the meristem.
5.
Monocot stems cannot become large in diameter because they lack lateral meristems.
6.
The loss of water by transpiration at the leaves helps pull water into the plant at the roots.
7.
The blade of a compound leaf is divided into leaflets.
8.
Many gymnosperms, such as pine, spruce, and fir trees, produce their seeds in cones.
9.
The flowers of angiosperms are ornamental and have no reproductive function.
10.
Brightly colored petals, scents, and nectar are all adaptations of flowers that help ensure pollination.
11.
Plants with colorful flowers are pollinated most commonly by wind.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
12.
The conducting cells of phloem are called
a.
tracheids.
c.
sieve plates.
b.
sieve tube members.
d.
vessel elements.
13.
Plants grow in regions of active cell division called
a.
meristems.
c.
phloem.
b.
xylem.
d.
dermal tissue.
14.
The lengthening of plant roots and shoots is called
a.
secondary growth.
c.
primary growth.
b.
germination.
d.
vascular growth.
seed_plants_files/i0170000.jpg
15.
Refer to the illustration above. The structure indicated at “f”
a.
supports the anther.
b.
produces pollen.
c.
has tiny structures that look like leaves.
d.
develops into a fruit.
16.
Refer to the illustration above. The structure labeled “c”
a.
produces pollen.
c.
is sticky to the touch.
b.
contains sperm cells.
d.
contains meristematic tissue.
17.
The process of transferring pollen from a male cone to a female cone in gymnosperms is called
a.
fertilization.
c.
pollination.
b.
seed formation.
d.
asexual reproduction.
18.
If a plant’s flowers are very colorful and produce nectar, the plant is probably pollinated by
a.
water.
c.
insects.
b.
wind.
d.
self-pollination.
19.
Fertilization
a.
involves the union of the egg and sperm.
b.
may not follow pollination at all.
c.
may not occur until weeks or months after pollination has taken place.
d.
All of the above
20.
After an egg has been fertilized, a fruit develops from the
a.
style.
c.
ovule.
b.
ovary.
d.
sepal.

 
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PCC Virus, Viroids, & Prions Study Guide

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PCC Virus, Viroids, & Prions Study Guide

 

  

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 
 1.
The outer protein coat of a virus is called a
a.
 DNA core.
c.
 bacteriophage.
b.
 capsid.
d.
 tail sheath.
 
 2.
All viruses are made of proteins and
a.
 nucleic acids.
c.
 bacteriophages.
b.
 prophages.
d.
 endospores.
 
 3.
A viral capsid functions to
a.
 bind the virus to the surface of a host cell.
b.
 transcribe viral genes.
c.
 force a host cell to make copies of the virus.
d.
 destroy a host cell.
 
 4.
The instructions for making new copies of a virus are
a.
 a part of a virus’s capsid.
b.
 coded in surface proteins attached to the protein coat.
c.
 coded in either RNA or DNA.
d.
 found only in bacteriophages.
 
 5.
What is the basic structure of a virus?
a.
 DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat
b.
 a capsid surrounded by a protein coat
c.
 a tail sheath surrounded by tail fibers
d.
 a tiny cell surrounded by a cell wall
 
 6.
Viruses
a.
 are all about the same size.
b.
 vary greatly in size and structure.
c.
 rarely contain DNA or RNA.
d.
 can be seen with a basic compound light microscope.
 
 7.
Which of the following characteristics of living things is NOT true about viruses?
a.
 contain genetic material
c.
 obtain and use energy
b.
 evolve over time
d.
 able to reproduce
 
 8.
A lytic infection concludes with the
a.
 embedding of viral DNA into the host cell’s DNA.
b.
 production of a prophage.
c.
 bursting of the host cell.
d.
 production of messenger RNA.
 
 9.
A prophage is made of
a.
 bacteriophages.
c.
 capsid proteins.
b.
 carbohydrates.
d.
 viral DNA.
 
 10.
Bacteriophages infect
a.
 other viruses.
c.
 any available host cell.
b.
 bacteria only.
d.
 cells undergoing the lytic cycle.
 
 11.
Unlike lytic viruses, lysogenic viruses do NOT
a.
 inject their genetic material into the host cell.
b.
 enter the lytic cycle.
c.
 lyse the host cell right away.
d.
 infect host cells.
 
 12.
During a lytic infection, the host cell is
a.
 destroyed.
c.
 copied many times over.
b.
 prepared for the lysogenic cycle.
d.
 all of the above
 
 13.
Which of the following is NOT a viral disease?
a.
 botulism
c.
 measles
b.
 AIDS
d.
 polio
 
 14.
Viral diseases can be
a.
 treated with antibiotics and prevented with vaccines.
b.
 treated with vaccines and prevented with antibiotics.
c.
 prevented with antibiotics but not treated with vaccines.
d.
 prevented with vaccines but not treated with antibiotics.
 
 15.
Plant viruses have a difficult time entering the cells they infect partly because
a.
 plant viruses are weaker than animal viruses.
b.
 plant cells have tough cell walls.
c.
 many plant viruses are spread by insects.
d.
 plant viruses do not have a protein coat.
 
 16.
Viruses cause disease by
a.
 producing toxins that harm the body.
b.
 reproducing independently inside the body.
c.
 forming endospores in the body.
d.
 disrupting the body’s normal equilibrium.
 
 17.
Prions differ from viruses because
a.
 prions do not cause disease.
c.
 prions only infect plant cells.
b.
 prions contain no DNA or RNA.
d.
 prions do not contain any protein.
 
 18.
We know viruses are not alive because they
a.
 are made of cells.
c.
 they are autotrophic.
b.
 make prions rather than proteins.
d.
 they are not made of cells.
 
 19.
The study of viruses is a part of biology because viruses
a.
 belong to the domain Archaea.
c.
 are living organisms.
b.
 are about to become extinct.
d.
 are active inside living cells.
 
 20.
A typical virus consists of a
a.
 protein coat and a cytoplasm core.
b.
 carbohydrate coat and a nucleic acid core.
c.
 protein coat and a nucleic acid core.
d.
 polysaccharide coat and a nucleic acid core.
 
 21.
Biologists now know that viruses
a.
 are the smallest organisms.
b.
 consist of a protein surrounded by a nucleic acid coat.
c.
 contain RNA or DNA in a protein coat.
d.
 all form the same crystalline shape.
 
   
 
nar001-1.jpg
 
 22.
Refer to the illustration above. Which structure represents protein?
a.
 structure B
c.
 structure D
b.
 structure A
d.
 structure E
 
 23.
The function of a bacteriophage’s tail and tail fibers is to inject
a.
 viral protein into the host cell.
c.
 glycoproteins into the host cell.
b.
 viral enzymes into the host cell.
d.
 viral DNA into the host cell.
 
 24.
The capsid of a virus is the
a.
 protective outer coat.
c.
 nucleus.
b.
 cell membrane.
d.
 cell wall and membrane complex.
 
 25.
A provirus is part of a virus’s
a.
 lytic cycle.
c.
 infection cycle.
b.
 conjugation cycle.
d.
 lysogenic cycle.
 
 26.
How is a lytic cycle different from a lysogenic cycle?
a.
 The host cell is destroyed in a lysogenic cycle.
b.
 The host cell is destroyed in a lytic cycle.
c.
 A provirus is formed during a lytic cycle.
d.
 A lytic cycle releases temperate viruses.
 
 27.
A virulent virus is one that
a.
 has only DNA.
b.
 has only RNA.
c.
 reproduces only with a lysogenic cycle.
d.
 reproduces only with a lytic cycle.
 
 28.
In a lytic cycle, viral genetic material
a.
 remains separate from the host cell’s DNA.
b.
 becomes part of the host cell’s DNA.
c.
 becomes a provirus.
d.
 remains in the host cell permanently.
 
 29.
The cycle of viral infection, replication, and cell destruction is called the virus’s
a.
 lysogenic cycle.
c.
 lytic cycle.
b.
 metabolic cycle.
d.
 provirus cycle.
 
 30.
Viroids are
a.
 much smaller than viruses.
c.
 misshapen proteins.
b.
 much larger than viruses.
d.
 found in the brain.
 
 31.
Prions
a.
 always have a capsid.
c.
 change the shape of normal proteins.
b.
 cause abnormal growth in plants.
d.
 are made of RNA.
 

 

 
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