Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. |
| 1. | The earliest known group of living organisms on Earth was a. | viruses. | c. | bacteria. | b. | fungi. | d. | protists. |
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| 2. | Bacteria and archaea are the only organisms characterized as a. | unicellular. | c. | eukaryotic. | b. | prokaryotic. | d. | photosynthetic. |
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| 3. | Bacteria can be classified according to their a. | type of cell walls. | b. | methods of obtaining energy. | c. | Gram-staining characteristics. | d. | All of the above |
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| 4. | Refer to the illustration above. Which of the organisms shown has the shape called bacillus? a. | organism 1 | c. | organism 3 | b. | organism 2 | d. | None of the above |
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| 5. | Refer to the illustration above. The shape represented by organism 3 is called a. | coccus. | c. | bacillus. | b. | spirillum. | d. | filamentous. |
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| 6. | When tested with a Gram stain, Gram-positive bacteria are stained a. | green. | c. | pink. | b. | yellow. | d. | purple. |
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| 7. | Bacteria lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; therefore, they are classified as a. | prokaryotes. | c. | anaerobes. | b. | aerobes. | d. | eukaryotes. |
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| 8. | The cytoplasm of bacteria a. | contains numerous types of organelles. | b. | is divided into compartments. | c. | has varying numbers of chromosomes, depending on the species of bacteria. | d. | contains a single chromosome. |
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| 9. | Which of the following comparisons is incorrect? a. | smaller larger | b. | circular chromosomes linear chromosomes | c. | binary fission mitosis | d. | chloroplasts mitochondria |
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| 10. | One difference between human body cells and bacterial cells is that bacterial cells have a. | an outer cell wall made up of phosphates. | b. | a cell wall made up of peptidoglycan. | c. | no DNA. | d. | no ribosomes. |
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| 11. | Structures found in a eukaryotic cell but not in a bacterial cell are a. | cell nuclei. | b. | multiple chromosomes. | c. | membrane-bound organelles. | d. | All of the above |
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| 12. | Which of the following might be found in the cytoplasm of a bacterial cell? a. | chloroplasts | c. | mitochondria | b. | Golgi apparatus | d. | None of the above |
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| 13. | Bacterial cells a. | have a cell wall only. | b. | have a cell membrane only. | c. | have both a cell membrane and cell wall. | d. | have a cell wall inside their cell membrane. |
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| 14. | One thing that E. coli and other bacteria have in common with eukaryotes is the presence of a. | chloroplasts. | c. | nuclei. | b. | mitochondria. | d. | DNA. |
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| 15. | Bacterial endospores a. | occur where there is plenty of available food. | b. | allow certain species to survive harsh environmental conditions. | c. | are similar to human tumors. | d. | can cause growth abnormalities in plants. |
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| 16. | Which of the following are used by at least some bacteria for movement? a. | pili | b. | flagella | c. | cytoplasmic projections | d. | All of the above |
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| 17. | phototrophic bacteria : sunlight :: a. | chemotrophic bacteria : dead organisms | b. | chemoautotrophic bacteria : inorganic molecules | c. | photosynthesis : nitrification | d. | heterotrophic bacteria : inorganic molecules |
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| 18. | Which of the following conditions would be unsuitable for any kind of bacteria to grow? a. | temperature of 110ºC (230ºF) | b. | absence of oxygen | c. | pH of 5 | d. | None of the above |
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| 19. | Prokaryotes can transfer pieces of genetic material in a process called a. | binary fission. | c. | conjugation. | b. | mitosis. | d. | sexual reproduction. |
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| 20. | During the process of transduction a. | a virus obtains DNA from a host bacterium. | b. | a bacterial cell takes in DNA from the external environment. | c. | one bacterium transfers DNA to another. | d. | two bacteria exchange DNA. |
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| 21. | A pathogen is an agent that is a. | beneficial to humans. | b. | harmful only to plants. | c. | harmful to living organisms. | d. | nearly extinct. |
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| 22. | Which of the following foods is not a fermentation product of bacteria? a. | sour cream | c. | milk | b. | a pickle | d. | yogurt |
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| 23. | Antibiotics a. | include penicillin and tetracycline. | b. | may prevent bacteria from making new cell walls. | c. | can be effective treatments for bacterial diseases. | d. | All of the above |
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| 24. | All of the following are habitats of archaea except a. | volcanic vents. | b. | intestinal tract of cows. | c. | salt lakes. | d. | human skin. |
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| 25. | Which of the following is not a way of preventing a foodborne illness at home? a. | washing kitchen utensils thoroughly in cold water | b. | keeping cooked and raw foods separate during storage | c. | washing fresh fruits and vegetables before eating them | d. | refrigerating leftovers promptly |
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Completion Complete each statement. |
| 26. | A spiral bacterium is called a(n) ____________________. |
| 27. | Spherical bacteria are called ____________________. |
| 28. | Rod-shaped bacteria are called ____________________. |
| 29. | The procedure used to distinguish between two types of bacterial cell wall composition is called ____________________. |
| 30. | Protective structures that some bacteria may form under harsh conditions are ____________________. |
| 31. | The cell walls of bacteria are composed of a combination of polysaccharide and polypeptide called ____________________. |
| 32. | Bacteria that obtain their energy from inorganic molecules, rather than from the sun, are called ____________________ bacteria. |
| 33. | In general, organisms that obtain their energy from sunlight are called ____________________. |
| 34. | Bacteria that get carbon from other organisms are called ____________________. |
| 35. | A(n) ____________________ is a substance that can be obtained from bacteria or fungi and can be used as a drug to fight pathogenic bacteria. |
| 36. | Many bacteria are ____________________ and must have oxygen to live, whereas other bacteria are ____________________ and cannot live where oxygen is present. |
| 37. | Bacteria that can survive either with or without oxygen are called _________________________. |
| 38. | Archaea are more closely related to ____________________ than they are to ____________________. |
| 39. | ____________________ are poisons that can cause disease when bacteria secrete them into their environment. |
| 40. | The evolution of populations of pathogenic bacteria that antibiotics cannot kill is called _________________________. |