Category: Animals

Eye Model Labeled

External Right Eye Model

 

1. Frontal Bone 9. Superior Rectus
2. Nasal Bone 10. Trochlea of Superior Oblique
3. Maxillary Bone 11. Lacrimal Gland
4. Lacrimal Bone 12. Sclera
5. Zygomatic Bone 13. Iris
6. Inferior Rectus 14. Pupil
7. Inferior Oblique 15. Nasolacrimal Duct
8. Lateral Rectus 16. Lacrimal Punctum

 

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Elephants Can’t Jump

 

It is a known fact that, unlike other animals, elephants can not jump! The bones in an elephant’s feet are too tightly packed and they’re too heavy.

On this page, you will find interesting questions  about other living things. Use the Google search engine on this page to help find the answers & then e-mail me your correct answer for test coupons.

The scientific name for the giraffe is Giraffa camelopardalis. What does this Latin name mean?

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Cow Eye Dissection Worksheet

 

Cow Eye Dissection
Worksheet

 

1. Tell three observations you made when you examined the surface of the eye:

  1. ______________________________
  2. ______________________________
  3. ______________________________

2. Identify the following structures:

  1. cornea
  2. tear gland-
  3. optic nerve
  4. iris-
  5. pupil-
  6. retina

3. Name the three layers you sliced through when you cut across the top of the eye:

  1. ______________________________
  2. ______________________________
  3. ______________________________

4. Match the following parts of the eye to their function: (ciliary body, sclera, iris, retina, lens, & tapetum lucidum)

____________________ Contains the photoreceptors for vision.
____________________ The colored portion of the eye.
____________________ This structure changes shape to focus light on the retina.
____________________ The opening in the iris through which light passes.
____________________ The iridescent portion of the choroid layer in nocturnal animals.
____________________Consists of muscles, which control and shape the lens.
____________________ The white of the eye.

4. Use the pictures below to name the parts of the eye:

  1. ________________________________________
  2. ________________________________________
  3. ________________________________________
  4. ________________________________________
  5. ________________________________________
  6. ________________________________________
  7. ________________________________________
  8. ________________________________________
  9. ________________________________________
  10. ________________________________________
  11. ________________________________________
  12. ________________________________________
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Chimpanzee Webquest

Life of the Chimpanzee

Introduction  |  Task  |  Process  |  Evaluation  |  Conclusion 

Introduction

Chimpanzees are primates that live in forest regions of Africa.  They are genetically very similar to humans, sharing 98% of the same genes.  Because of their similarities, Chimpanzees can reveal much about ourselves and how we learn.  Chimpanzees have evolved over time to the most sophisticated primates other than humans.  They have a very complex social structure, and even know how to use “tools” to make a task easier.  In this web quest, you will learn all about chimpanzees, their common connection with humans, and how they have evolved to survive.

Task

Your task is to use the internet to research chimpanzees.  After researching, you will use a poster board to make a Venn diagram that outline the similarities and differences of humans and chimpanzees.  After making your diagram, you will present it to the class, explaining the similarities. In addition, you will explain what specific characteristics chimps and humans share that allow them to survive. This will be a group project.  An illustration of the Venn diagram is shown below.  Group A will be human characteristics,  group B will be chimpanzee characteristics, and group C will be the shared traits of humans and chimps.  Before beginning the process, skip down and read the Evaluation Rubric so you will know what your grade is based on.

Process

  1.  First, you will watch and take notes on the video, Jane Goodall’s Wild Chimpanzees.  The movie will give you some background knowledge on what scientists know about chimps and their behavior.
  2.  After watching the movie, you will choose a partner to help do research on chimpanzees.  This research will be used to construct your Venn diagram and to make a presentation ( PowerPoint – 15 slides ) which you and your partner will give to the class.
  3.  Use the following links to initially research chimpanzees.  If you wish to do your own customized search, use the Google Search Engine and keywords.  Hint: to get the most out of research, divide up the responsibilities and have each person research a different aspect of chimpanzees.

Encyclopedia Entry:  Chimpanzee

   Jane Goodall Institute

   Enchanted Learning:  Chimpanzees

   Save the Chimps:  Fact Sheet

  1. During your research, be sure to record any similarities and differences between chimps and humans.  After your research is completed, you will consolidate all of your findings into the diagram.
  2.  After each group member is done researching, come together as a group and complete your Venn diagram.  Remember to include both unique and shared characteristics of humans and chimpanzees.  Remember also to include shared adaptations that allow chimps and humans to survive.  Write these adaptations below the diagram.
  3.  After each group has completed the diagram, you will present your Venn diagram to the class, explaining your findings using  a PowerPoint presentation. 

 

Evaluation:

You will be evaluated based on the following rubric:  (CLICK HERE FOR PRINTABLE COPY)

 

Oral Presentation Rubric Possible Points Self-Assessment Teacher Assessment
Complete Venn diagram with unique adaptations listed at bottom. 25
PowerPoint Presentation well-designed and with 15 slides 25
Presentation was well planned and coherent. (Evidence of rehearsal) 10
Poster board  (helpful, neat) 10
Teamwork:  Every member of group played a role 10
Presentation shows evidence of research on Chimpanzees (good understanding of similarities and differences) 10
Communication Skills (eye contact, posture, clear voice, appropriate volume, transitions between speakers smooth, and all members presented) 10
Total Possible Points 100

Note that half of your grade is based on the completion of the Venn diagram and PowerPoint, while the other half is distributed among different presentation aspects.  Teamwork is a part of your grade as well.  Make sure that each member plays a role in research and presentation.

Conclusion:

Chimpanzees and Humans are very different in many ways.  Humans are much more advanced in thought and practical skills.  Yet, there are still many shared characteristics, such as a complex social hierarchy, ability to use “tools”, and communication.  These adaptations have allowed both humans and chimpanzees to survive, each in their respective habitat.  Understanding chimpanzee behavior can help us understand our own evolution, where we came from, and perhaps where we are going.

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Chapter 42 AP Obj Circulation

 

 

Chapter 42   Circulation & Gas Exchange 
Objectives
Circulation in Animals
1. Describe the need for circulatory and respiratory systems due to increasing animal body size.
2. Explain how a gastrovascular cavity functions in part as a circulatory system.
3. Distinguish between open and closed circulatory systems. List the three basic components common to both systems.
4. List the structural components of a vertebrate circulatory system and relate their structure to their functions.
5. Describe the general relationship between metabolic rates and the structure of the vertebrate circulatory system.
6. Using diagrams, compare and contrast the circulatory systems of fish, amphibians, non-bird reptiles, and mammals or birds.
7. Distinguish between pulmonary and systemic circuits and explain the functions of each.
8. Explain the advantage of double circulation over a single circuit.
9. Define a cardiac cycle, distinguish between systole and diastole, and explain what causes the first and second heart sounds.
10. Define cardiac output and describe two factors that influence it.
11. List the four heart valves, describe their location, and explain their functions.
12. Define heart murmur and explain its cause.
13. Define sinoatrial (SA) node and describe its location in the heart.
14. Distinguish between a myogenic heart and a neurogenic heart.
15. Describe the origin and pathway of the action potential (cardiac impulse) in the normal human heart.
16. Explain how the pace of the SA node can be modulated by nerves, hormones, body temperature, and exercise.
17. Relate the structures of capillaries, arteries, and veins to their functions.
18. Explain why blood flow through capillaries is substantially slower than it is through arteries and veins.
19. Define blood pressure and describe how it is measured.
20. Explain how peripheral resistance and cardiac output affect blood pressure.
21. Explain how blood returns to the heart even though it must sometimes travel from the lower extremities against gravity.
22. Explain how blood flow through capillary beds is regulated.
23. Explain how osmotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure regulate the exchange of fluid and solutes across capillaries.
24. Describe the composition of lymph and explain how the lymphatic system helps the normal functioning of the circulatory system. Explain the role of lymph nodes in body defense.
25. Describe the composition and functions of plasma.
26. Relate the structure of erythrocytes to their function.
27. List the five main types of white blood cells and characterize their functions.
28. Describe the structure of platelets.
29. Outline the formation of erythrocytes from their origin from stem cells in the red marrow of bones to their destruction by phagocytic cells.
30. Describe the hormonal control of erythrocyte production.
31. Outline the sequence of events that occurs during blood clotting and explain what prevents spontaneous clotting in the absence of injury.
32. Distinguish between a heart attack and a stroke.
33. Distinguish between low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and high-density lipoproteins (HDLs).
34. List the factors that have been correlated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Gas Exchange in Animals
35. Define gas exchange and distinguish between a respiratory medium and a respiratory surface.
36. Describe the general requirements for a respiratory surface and list a variety of respiratory organs that meet these requirements.
37. Describe respiratory adaptations of aquatic animals.
38. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of water as a respiratory medium.
39. Describe countercurrent exchange and explain why it is more efficient than the concurrent flow of water and blood.
40. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of air as a respiratory medium and explain how insect tracheal systems are adapted for efficient gas exchange in a terrestrial environment.
41. For the human respiratory system, describe the movement of air through air passageways to the alveolus, listing the structures that air must pass through on its journey.
42. Compare positive and negative pressure breathing. Explain how respiratory movements in humans ventilate the lungs.
43. Distinguish between tidal volume, vital capacity, and residual volume.
44. Explain how the respiratory systems of birds and mammals differ.
45. Explain how breathing is controlled in humans.
46. Define partial pressure and explain how it influences diffusion across respiratory surfaces.
47. Describe the adaptive advantage of respiratory pigments in circulatory systems. Distinguish between hemocyanin and hemoglobin as respiratory pigments.
48. Draw the Hb-oxygen dissociation curve, explain the significance of its shape, and explain how the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen changes with oxygen concentration.
49. Describe how carbon dioxide is picked up at the tissues and deposited in the lungs.
50. Describe the respiratory adaptations of the pronghorn that give it great speed and endurance.
51. Describe respiratory adaptations of diving mammals and the role of myoglobin.
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