Category: Cellular Processes

Scientific Method & Blood Flow

 

Scientific Method & Blood

 

INTRODUCTION:

In this lab you will learn to form a hypothesis, conduct experiments around that hypothesis, and collect and analyze data. One of the most important characteristics of modern science is its quantitative approach to solving problems. One of the first scientists to use quantitative methods was William Harvey, who discovered that blood circulated through the body. At the time Harvey began his work, anatomists believed that the liver produced blood from the food that the body consumed. The blood was then carried by veins to the heart, purified in the lungs, and then pumped to the various organs of the body, where it was consumed. Harvey measured that the left ventricle of the heart held roughly 100 ml of blood. He also measured that the heart beats an average of 64 times per minute.

QUESTION 1:

From the information above, and assuming that 1 ml of blood weighs 1 g, how much blood would the body need to produce per hour in ( g/hr.) to replace the blood consumed by the organs? _______g/hr.

Harvey hypothesized that the same blood must circulate continuously throughout the body.

MATERIALS:

Watch with second hand, or clock

PROCEDURE:

  1. While sitting quietly at your desk, find the pulse in your wrist and count the beats for one minute. You and your lab partner can do this on yourselves, or each other. Record the names of both subjects and their beats per minute heart rate on DATA TABLE 1 as sample 1.
  2. Repeat step 1 two more times for each subject. Record the data in the appropriate place on DATA TABLE 1.
  3. Calculate the average pulse rate for each subject and record the results on DATA TABLE 1.

How do you think standing or holding your breath will affect your pulse rate? ______________________________________________________

QUESTION 2:

Choose one of these activities and formulate a hypothesis about its effect on pulse rate. What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable?

Hypothesis _______________________________________________

Independent Variable _______________________________________

Dependent Variable ________________________________________

  1. Repeat steps 1, 2, and 3 for each subject, this time with the subjects standing or holding their breath. Record your data and calculations in the appropriate DATA TABLE

 

 

DATA TABLE 1: Resting heart rate
NUMBER OF BEATS PER MINUTE AVERAGE NUMBER OF
BEATS PER MINUTE
SUBJECT sample 1 sample 2 sample 3

 

 

 

DATA TABLE 2: Heart rate standing
NUMBER OF BEATS PER MINUTE AVERAGE NUMBER OF
BEATS PER MINUTE
SUBJECT sample 1 sample 2 sample 3

 

 

 

DATA TABLE 3: Heart rate holding breath
NUMBER OF BEATS PER MINUTE AVERAGE NUMBER OF
BEATS PER MINUTE
SUBJECT sample 1 sample 2 sample 3

 

Conclusion:  Compare your data from step 4 with your data from step 3.

1. How do your results in step 4 compare with the hypothesis you made?

 

2. What measurement did you use as a control in this investigation?

 

3. What are some possible sources of error in this experiment?

Pz Cell Reproduction

 

Cell Reproduction
The table below contains words that have been chopped in half. Find the pieces that fit together and write them in the answer area below. Define each unscrambled term.

 

sion riole he psis
omere dip uction fis
mei loid nuc anap
ogenesis ndle nesis somes
osis ll cent assor
prop oot ooge osis
cytok ids inesis gam
meta leus phase sex
atids nonhi nucle otype
hap mit tet otides
telo homol auto osomes
clea hase hist ones
lix ryote spi stones
syna spermat reprod sperm
kary xual rad ogous
vage ete proka phase
wa ryote hase ual
centr phase supe ase
onucleic chrom loid tment
deoxyrib inter rcoil euka

 
  Place your answers here:

_______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________

 

Solution

 

 

Pz Celluar Respiration

 

Cellular Respiration
Unscramble and define the following words:

 

 

1) yoilgylssc ____________________________________
2) ofattmneirne ____________________________________
3) ieoirntprsa ____________________________________
4) tap ____________________________________
5) ethrotpheor ____________________________________
6) yogxne ____________________________________
7) staey ____________________________________
8) obrneacai ____________________________________
9) brcaeoi ____________________________________
10) vrcuyip ____________________________________
11) erdox ____________________________________
12) nahd ____________________________________
13) zeensym ____________________________________
14) accilt ____________________________________
15) lalhcoo ____________________________________
16) csoiekoliarl ____________________________________
17) tocdhinomria ____________________________________
18) icictr ____________________________________
19) hfad ____________________________________

 

 

Solution

 

 

Pz Genetics

 

Mendel’s Genetics
 

Across

5. stronger of two alleles in a genotype
8. parental generation
9. plant Mendel used in his genetics studies
13. law that states that alleles separate whenever gametes are formed
14. one of two forms for a gene (B or b)
15. genotype in which both alleles are the same (BB or bb)
17. genetic makeup of an organism
19. cross involving a single trait
20. pollen is transferred to the stigma of the same flower or a flower on the same plant

Down

1. transfer of pollen from anthers to the stigma of a flower
2. physical feature or appearance of an organism resulting from a genotype
3. genotype also called the hybrid (Bb)
4. dominance resulting in the blending of alleles (pink flower color)
6. cross between a hybrid and a homozygous genotype (BB x Bb)
7. father of modern genetics
10. law that states that alleles for different traits are distributed to gametes independently
11. the study of genetics
12. genetic characteristic
16. trait or allele that is masked by a dominant allele
18. square used to solve genetics problems
21. first filial generation

 

Nucleic Acids Puzzle

 

Nucleic Acids

 

U T E D T G G F H E A G Z K Y X L R E E
Z P P N X T S L J G S D W O N M E N J S
R R R A A B R C H U C A E A I P I E E A
M O N H E J T A G P D L C N L D O G D R
C O M P L E M E N T A R Y I I A I O E E
T F G K A F K F D S K L C M L N L R O M
C R K P S C U D J I C A I Z Q E E D X Y
G E W N I T Z F P K T R J C A H H Y Y L
U A E R D A W Z B I Y O I G A J B H R O
A D C M I M G O O P P H E P B R A T I P
N O I T A L S N A R T H N L T L U V B M
I D E N T I C A L O T U O A C I S P O Y
N E S O B I R W G V C Q S S C U O E S E
E D X S X Y W W Q L K R Z Y P Y N N E N
P S E R D K V H E R K N T A J H J G O I
C P M R W K C U N W E O X K T J A I A R
E G S T C R S A B A S E H P C K T T C U
J F S J I L Z B G I Y Y V B O A P A E P
N I T Z K U N R N N U K O F T N F D N J
P M J O B J H E H M I T B U O C D N H B
S B M J C Z M G D C W L M W F R U Z N S
N I L K N A R F B C R Z H M P I K L S V
X S Y I H J N I T R O G E N V G V D W Q
O P R W I E S R A W M F G S I M D H G Y
H K K L J C C G I Z B R Q U T K A A H R

Find the following terms and then number and define them on the back of this paper.

 

ADENINE BASE COMPLEMENTARY
CRICK CYTOSINE DEOXYRIBOSE
DNA FORK FRANKLIN
GUANINE HELICASE HYDROGEN
IDENTICAL MUTATION NITROGEN
NUCLEOTIDE NUCLEUS PHOSPHATE
POLYMERASE PROOFREAD PURINE
PYRIMIDINE REPLICATION RIBOSE
RNA TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION
URACIL

 

 

 

Solution