Category: Introduction to Biology

Introduction to Biology Quiz 2

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Introduction to Biology

 

 

True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
1.
Only multicellular organisms use energy for growth and maintenance.
2.
Scientific investigations always follow a series of rigidly defined steps.
3.
Communicating scientific information may result in the development of new hypotheses.
4.
All living things are composed of cells.
5.
In a carefully planned experiment, the variable being studied is omitted from the experimental group.
6.
Scientific understanding is based on observations.
7.
Reproduction is essential for the survival of individual organisms.
8.
The processes of observing, measuring, and organizing data generally lead to the formulation of questions.
9.
Observing is the use of one or more of the senses to perceive objects or events.
10.
The study of biology can help you better understand human reproduction.
11.
Almost all organisms ultimately get their energy for survival from the sun.
12.
A scientist who performs an experiment has no idea what the outcome of the experiment is going to be.
13.
Units of time are not measured in metric units, so time measurements are not accepted for use with SI units.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
14.
The step in a scientific method that is most likely to take the form of an IF_THEN statement is called:
a.
prediciton
c.
experimenting
b.
inference
d.
modeling
15.
The number of frogs in a pond increases each year due to:
a.
homeostasis
c.
organization
b.
reproduction
d.
the food chain
16.
When an experiment gives an important result, these results should not be
a.
published.
c.
replicated.
b.
withheld.
d.
confirmed.
17.
When a hypothesis is tested and confirmed often enough that it is unlikely to be disproved the hypothesis may become a
a.
theory.
c.
replication.
b.
prediction.
d.
scientific method.
18.
Generally, the order in which a scientist uses the scientific method is
a.
observations, predictions, hypothesis, verifying prediction,theory, verification.
b.
observations, hypothesis, making predictions, verifying predictions, performing control
experiments,theory.
c.
predictions, observations, hypothesis, theory, controlled testing,verification.
d.
observations, hypothesis, predictions, verification, theory.
19.
Generally the first process a scientist uses to obtain knowledge about nature is:
a.
collecting
c.
predicting
b.
observing
d.
measuring
20.
Which of the following steps in scientific method is most likely to directly follow
hypothesizing?
a.
communicating
c.
experimenting
b.
inferring
d.
predicting
21.
The part of the scientific method in which journal articles are prepared is called:
a.
communicating
c.
organizing
b.
observing
d.
classifying
22.
A control
a.
is when a lead scientist controls a group of scientists conducting an experiment.
b.
is always registered with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
c.
is the part of an experiment in which a key factor is not allowed to change.
d.
provides the answer to a problem posed by a theory.
23.
Biology is the study of
a.
minerals.
c.
the weather
b.
life.
d.
energy.
24.
Which of the following shows the most complex level of organization?
a.
red blood cells
c.
nerve
b.
stomach
d.
muscle
25.
In the scientific method, the step that follows observing and stating a  problem is
a.
recording data.
c.
forming a hypothesis.
b.
analyzing data.
d.
testing a hypothesis.
26.
The splitting in two of a bacterium is called:
a.
inheritance
c.
development
b.
sexual reproduction
d.
asexual reproduction
27.
Plants and algae use energy that comes from
a.
the sun.
b.
the movement of the Earth.
c.
the moon.
d.
heat created deep within the interior of the Earth.
28.
The first living organism on earth was probably a:
a.
single cell
c.
dinosaur
b.
fish
d.
plant
29.
In the scientific method, a possible explanation is called:
a.
hypothesis
c.
an observation
b.
an inference
d.
an analysis
30.
Cell membranes
a.
are only found on a small number of cells.
c.
are made of DNA
b.
contain genes.
d.
are thin coverings that surround cells.
31.
The combining of genetic information from two individuals to produce offspring is called:
a.
inheritance
c.
sexual reproduction
b.
development
d.
asexual reproduction
32.
All organisms possess DNA. DNA
a.
creates energy for the cells.
b.
allows sensitivity to environmental stimuli.
c.
contains information for growth and development.
d.
captures energy from the sun.
33.
Instructions for development that are passed from parents to offspring are known as
a.
a species plan.
c.
genes.
b.
organ codes.
d.
natural selections.
34.
Which of the following is not necessarily a distinct property of living things?
a.
homeostasis
c.
complexity
b.
metabolism
d.
reproduction
35.
Living things
a.
need energy for life processes.
c.
are composed of cells.
b.
have the ability to reproduce.
d.
All of the above
36.
All living things maintain a balance within their cells and the environment through the process of
a.
growth.
c.
homeostasis.
b.
development.
d.
evolution.
37.
Which of the following is not a partial explanation for our lack of understanding of many of the living things on Earth?
a.
Many organisms are microscopic in size and therefore difficult to observe.
b.
Many organisms are so different from other organisms that it is difficult to understand them.
c.
Many organisms live in areas of the world that are difficult to explore.
d.
Tropical rain forests contain many species, and it is difficult to find all of them in these dense forests.
38.
Which example of scientific methodology is incorrect?
a.
Observation—A number of people in Zaire dying of a disease outbreak
b.
Measurement—A record of the number of people with symptoms of the disease and the number of people who had died from the disease
c.
Analysis of data—Comparison of the effects of mixing monkey cells with virus-containing blood in test tubes and the effects of mixing of liquid from these test tubes with fresh monkey cells
d.
Inference making—Identification of the Ebola virus as the cause of the disease by taking electron micrographs of substances found in the blood of persons affected with the disease
39.
The word theory used in a scientific sense means
a.
that of which the scientist is most certain.
b.
a guess made with very little knowledge to support it.
c.
an absolute scientific certainty.
d.
None of the above
40.
A light microscope that has an objective lens of 10´ and an ocular lens of 20´ has a magnification of
a.
30´.
c.
300´.
b.
200´.
d.
2000´.

 

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Chapter 1 Introduction Study Guide

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Chapter 1 Introduction Study Guide

 

 

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.  If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
 1.
Accepting ideas is the cornerstone of scientific thought. _________________________


 2.
Skepticism is a habit of mind in which a person accepts the validity of accepted ideas. _________________________


 3.
The law of gravity and the law of conservation of energy are national laws. _________________________


 4.
Scientific investigations require ethical behavior. _________________________


 5.
Most scientific investigations begin with observations that lead to universal laws. _________________________


 6.
A hypothesis is a possible explanation that can be tested by observation or experimentation. _________________________


 7.
The control group and the experimental group are identical except for one variable. _________________________


 8.
A hypothesis is a general explanation for a broad range of data. _________________________


 9.
International System of Units (SI) is the official name of the metric system. _________________________


 10.
A centimeter is equal to 10 millimeters. _________________________


 11.
Light and electron autoclaves help magnify objects. _________________________


 12.
A technique is a way of doing something. _________________________


 13.
In the event of a lab accident, one thing you should always do is remain calm. _________________________


 14.
Biology is the study of nonliving things. _________________________


 15.
A student who wants to study bacteria would take microbiology classes. _________________________


 16.
Reproduction insures ongoing generations of both one-celled organisms and frogs. _________________________


 17.
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment in spite of changes in the external environment. _________________________


 18.
The bacterium that causes cholera is an example of a pathogen. _________________________


 19.
Scientists discovered that predicting the spread of cholera involves understanding reproductive behavior of plankton. _________________________


 20.
The study of all the factors in the spread of cholera in human populations is an example of ecology. _________________________


 21.
Scientists in the 21st century are better able to prevent disease because of their improved understanding of biology. _________________________


 22.
The completion of the Human Genome Project was one minor contribution to the ability to cure disease. _________________________


 23.
Scientists expect people to live longer lives because of advances in the science of biology. _________________________


 24.
The application of technology to medicine has greatly increased the ability of people to live healthy lives. _________________________


 25.
Genetic engineering is the only practical application of biotechnology. _________________________


 26.
Genetic engineering is widely used in agriculture to produce crops that are pest-resistant. _________________________


 27.
Surrounding a drug compound with a layer of atoms that allows for the slow release of the drug is an example of genetic engineering. _________________________


 28.
Making a new kind of fastener modeled on the way an aquatic animal fastens onto rocks on the ocean floor is an example of nanotechnology. _________________________


 29.
Biometrics involves analyzing large amounts of data on biological characteristics. _________________________


 30.
Unique genetic traits, such as hair color, are the most important source of data for biometrics. _________________________


 31.
Advances in biotechnology have been slowed by ethical concerns. _________________________


 32.
The ethics of different kinds of biotechnology will be decided by individuals and scientists. _________________________


 33.
One good way to protect the environment is to learn more about it. _________________________


 34.
Environmental science involves neither the study of organisms nor their physical surroundings. _________________________


 35.
One reason that wildlife biologists collect DNA samples from endangered species is the hope that these species can be cloned if they become extinct. _________________________


 36.
Genetic engineering is used to track the movements of animals in the wild. _________________________


 37.
Community environmental groups make problems for environmental research. _________________________


 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 38.
Which of the following do scientists not use to support ideas?
a.
opinions
c.
experiments
b.
evidence
d.
investigations
 39.
Which of the following applies to all branches of science?
a.
cell organization
c.
gravity
b.
earthquakes
d.
reproduction
 40.
Which of the following is unethical behavior in scientific investigations?
a.
allowing peers to review investigations
b.
following guidelines for medical experiments
c.
reporting inaccurate data
d.
basing investigations on someone else’s work
 41.
Scientific thinking can be used
a.
only by scientists.
c.
by all living things.
b.
only in experiments.
d.
by everyone in daily life.
 42.
A scientist noticed that the number of salamanders in ponds in the Rocky Mountains was declining. This was a(n)
a.
hypothesis.
c.
observation.
b.
theory.
d.
control.
 43.
A hypothesis is a
a.
definite answer to a given problem.
b.
testable possible explanation of an observation.
c.
proven statement.
d.
concluding statement.
 44.
observation : hypothesis ::
a.
theory : observation
c.
certainty : prediction
b.
guess : hypothesis
d.
hypothesis : investigation
 45.
Most typically, the order in which the steps of scientific investigations are applied is
a.
controlled experiment, hypothesis, analysis of results, observations, questions, conclusions.
b.
observations, controlled experiment, hypothesis, analysis of results, conclusions, questions.
c.
observations, questions, hypothesis, controlled experiment, analysis of results, conclusions.
d.
questions, observations, analysis of results, controlled experiment, conclusions, hypothesis.
 46.
If experiments are not possible or ethical, scientists
a.
cannot test a hypothesis.
b.
test more than one variable at a time.
c.
do not use a control group.
d.
look for connections in data gathered.
 47.
Scientific hypotheses are most often tested by the process of
a.
communicating.
c.
experimenting.
b.
inferring.
d.
analyzing data.
 48.
A planned procedure to test a hypothesis is called a(n)
a.
prediction.
c.
control.
b.
experiment.
d.
variable.
 49.
The variable that is measured in an experiment is the _____ variable.
a.
dependent
c.
control
b.
independent
d.
experimental
 50.
A general explanation for a broad range of data is called a
a.
hypothesis.
c.
prediction.
b.
theory.
d.
controlled experiment.
 51.
A scientific theory is
a.
absolutely certain and never questioned.
b.
unchangeable.
c.
revised as new evidence is presented.
d.
a controlled experiment.
 52.
Scientists build theories from many
a.
experiments that support hypotheses.
b.
hypotheses that are rejected.
c.
experiments with different variables.
d.
untested ideas.
 53.
The metric system of measurement is based on powers of
a.
1.
c.
100.
b.
10.
d.
1000.
 54.
A specialized tool used to magnify organisms so that they can be observed is a
a.
pipet.
c.
satellite.
b.
microscope.
d.
laminar-flow hood.
 55.
Which of the following would scientists use to prevent contamination in an experiment?
a.
electron microscope
c.
remote collection of data
b.
light microscope
d.
sterile technique
 56.
Which of the following is the most recent tool available to scientists?
a.
remote tracking devices
c.
autoclaves
b.
microscopes
d.
sterilized pipets
 57.
You can work safely in the science lab by
a.
taking shortcuts in procedures.
b.
waiting until the end of experiments to clean area.
c.
estimating measurements of chemicals.
d.
following all instructions.
 58.
All of the following are important for working safely in a science laboratory except
a.
tasting chemicals.
c.
working cautiously.
b.
measuring chemicals precisely.
d.
wearing safety goggles.
 59.
Biology is the study of
a.
life.
c.
weather.
b.
minerals.
d.
energy.
 60.
The branch of biology that is the study of the human body is
a.
ecology.
c.
cell biology.
b.
evolutionary theory.
d.
physiology.
 61.
Which of the following is not one of the seven properties of life?
a.
metabolism
c.
responsiveness
b.
homeostasis
d.
photosynthesis
 62.
As a characteristic of all living things, homeostasis relates most directly to which of the following biological themes?
a.
interacting systems
c.
stability
b.
scale and structure
d.
evolution
 63.
chemical reactions : metabolism ::
a.
cells : an organism
c.
reproduction : living
b.
heredity : homeostasis
d.
experimentation : observation
 64.
All living things maintain a balance within their cells and with the environment through the process of
a.
growth.
c.
homeostasis.
b.
development.
d.
evolution.
 65.
The energy that drives metabolism in animals comes from
a.
homeostasis.
c.
water.
b.
food.
d.
heredity.
 66.
Children tend to resemble their parents due to
a.
heredity.
c.
metabolism.
b.
responsiveness.
d.
homeostasis.
 67.
A field of sunflowers facing the sun is an example of
a.
metabolism.
c.
responsiveness.
b.
growth.
d.
heredity.
 68.
The changes in human babies during their first year of life is an example of
a.
heredity.
c.
evolution.
b.
responsiveness.
d.
development.
 69.
Filtering contaminated water through a sari is
a.
an ineffective way to reduce cases of cholera.
b.
the best way to prevent the spread of cholera.
c.
a low-tech solution to reducing cases of cholera.
d.
another factor that causes cholera to spread rapidly.
 70.
All of the following should be researched in studying the epidemiology of waterborne diseases except the
a.
genomes of the pathogens.
b.
habitat of pathogens.
c.
food chain of the pathogens.
d.
environmental factors that affect pathogens.
 71.
One of the most important tools in preventing the spread of disease is
a.
computer modeling.
c.
genetic engineering.
b.
DNA fingerprinting.
d.
giving vaccinations.
 72.
computer modeling : epidemiology ::
a.
genetics : DNA fingerprinting
b.
cloning : biotechnology
c.
genome : vaccination
d.
human health : disease prevention
 73.
Which of the following terms is used to refer to a piece of equipment made for a specific use?
a.
process
c.
device
b.
cure
d.
treatment
 74.
Which of the following is least likely to help humans live longer?
a.
epidemiology
c.
genetics
b.
medicine
d.
DNA fingerprinting
 75.
knowledge of biology : human potential ::
a.
assistive technologies : everyday lives
b.
human potential : epidemiology
c.
populations : disease outbreaks
d.
genomes : genetics
 76.
The technology of changing the genetic material of a living cell is called
a.
biometrics.
c.
genetics.
b.
genetic engineering.
d.
DNA fingerprinting.
 77.
Planting Bt corn helps farmers decrease the use of
a.
fertilizers.
c.
pesticides.
b.
herbicides.
d.
cultivators.
 78.
All of the following are known advantages of planting Bt corn except it
a.
adds some bacterial genes to food supplies.
b.
lowers a farmer’s cost of production.
c.
improves a farmer’s crop yield.
d.
reduces chemical contaminants in the environment.
 79.
The application of a biological structure or process to solve design problems is called
a.
adaptation.
c.
cloning.
b.
biomimetics.
d.
decoding.
 80.
Which of these biotechnologies has the potential to repair tissues inside the body?
a.
biometrics
c.
epidemiology
b.
biomimetics
d.
nanotechnology
 81.
clam shell formation : ceramics ::
a.
CAT scanning : modeling fossils
b.
strong fabrics : spider silk
c.
spider silk : strong fabrics
d.
modeling fossils : CAT scanning
 82.
The analysis of biological traits to identify people is called
a.
arithmetics.
c.
genetics.
b.
biometrics.
d.
statistics.
 83.
Which of the following traits of an individual would be most useful for identifying a victim in a forensic investigation?
a.
eye color
c.
blood type
b.
hair color
d.
DNA fingerprint
 84.
The ethical concerns about biotechnology must be addressed by
a.
scientists only.
c.
both individuals and scientists.
b.
societies only.
d.
both individuals and societies.
 85.
All of the following biotechnologies are considered by some to be unethical except
a.
biomimetic products.
c.
human stem cell research.
b.
biometrics data bases.
d.
genetically modified foods.
 86.
Which of the following would be an unethical use of biometric data and methods?
a.
linking criminals to crime scenes
b.
eliminating innocent people from a list of criminal suspects
c.
excluding people with certain genes from getting jobs
d.
protecting citizens from bioterrorism
 87.
Which of the following is considered to be one of the most important applications of biology?
a.
biometrics
c.
environmental science
b.
genetic engineering
d.
assistive technologies
 88.
In order to make wise decisions about the use of natural resources, citizens will need to have a better understanding of
a.
biomimetics.
c.
environmental science.
b.
genetics.
d.
genetic engineering.
 89.
ecology : environmental science ::
a.
biomolecules : strong glues
c.
forensics : biometrics
b.
genetics : genetic engineering
d.
spider silk : clam shells
 90.
What do the initials GIS stand for?
a.
geological inference standard
c.
geographic information system
b.
genetic improvement survey
d.
global investigation society
 91.
Satellite tagging is a technology that is most likely to be used in
a.
assisting the disabled.
c.
developing maps of the world.
b.
conservation of wildlife.
d.
tracking the spread of disease.
 92.
Each of the following is a part of a GIS program except
a.
access to data from different sources.
b.
computer mapping.
c.
environmental databases.
d.
genetic analysis tools.
 93.
Which of the following must be done before an environmental study is begun locally?
a.
contact several scientists
c.
identify a problem
b.
buy a GIS program
d.
gather up volunteers
 94.
At the Raptor Rehabilitation Center, students in an environmental club help take care of injured and orphaned birds of prey. Based on this information, what does the term raptor refer to?
a.
a bird of prey
c.
orphaned wildlife
b.
the environment
d.
debilitating injury
 

Completion
Complete each statement.
 95.
The medical treatment for ulcers changed after scientists discovered that ____________________ cause stomach ulcers.

 96.
The questioning and often doubtful attitude required for scientific thought is called ____________________.

 97.
The truths that govern science and are valid everywhere in the universe are universal ____________________.

 98.
____________________ are a system of moral principles and values.

 99.
Most scientific investigations begin with ____________________ that lead to questions.

 100.
A reason to set up an experiment is to test a ____________________.

 101.
A(n) ____________________ experiment is a procedure that tests one factor at a time and that uses a(n) ____________________ group and an experimental group.

 102.
In a controlled experiment, the ____________________ group is the group that has one variable changed.

 103.
In an experiment, the ____________________ group receives no experimental treatment.

 104.
Factors that may change as a result of experimental treatment are ____________________ variables.

 105.
A(n) ____________________ is a specific, testable prediction for a limited set of conditions, and a(n) ____________________ is a general explanation for a broad range of data.

 106.
Scientists use the ______________________________ system to make measurements.

 107.
SI is the abbreviation for the ____________________ System of Units.

 108.
The SI base unit for length is the ____________________.

 109.
A kilogram is equal to ____________________ grams.

 110.
In a light microscope, light passes through one or more ____________________ to produce an enlarged image of an object.

 111.
Scientists use ____________________ techniques to minimize the risk of contamination.

 112.
The study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with the nonliving part of their environment is called ____________________.

 113.
The branch of biology that studies the changes in types of organisms over time is called ___________________ theory.

 114.
Scientists who study whales, bats, or bears in their natural habitat are called ____________________ biologists.

 115.
The process of _________________ traits changing over time is called evolution.

 116.
Every living organism is composed of one or more ____________________.

 117.
All cells have the same basic ____________________.

 118.
The sum of all chemical reactions carried out in an organism is ____________________.

 119.
The energy used by living organisms originates from the ____________________.

 120.
The study of ____________________ involves finding out how diseases are spread.

 121.
Cholera bacteria can cause the disease only when ____________________ increases.

 122.
A ____________________ is a medical procedure that allows a person to resist infection by a certain disease.

 123.
Many new tools for studying and treating diseases caused by problems in genes have come from the study of ____________________.

 124.
In developed countries, the length of human lives has nearly ____________________ in the past century.

 125.
One example of an assistive technology that helps people in everyday life is ____________________.

 126.
The gene that was added to Bt corn came from a(n) ____________________.

 127.
Bt corn contains a gene that produces a ____________________ that kills the European core borer.

 128.
The robotic items produced through nanotechnology often resemble tiny ____________________.

 129.
Imitating biological structures, processes, and systems to solve engineering problems is called ____________________.

 130.
Because of ____________________, dissection is no longer needed to determine the shapes and locations of internal organs.

 131.
Fingerprints and iris patterns are useful in identification because they are ____________________ to individuals.

 132.
Material used in ____________________ is obtained from hair and skin cells.

 133.
Research that involves human stem cells is limited because many people think that such research is ____________________.

 134.
The study of living organisms and their environments is called _________________________.

 135.
The existence of undiscovered resources is an important reason to study and ____________________ natural environments.

 136.
The movements of wildlife can be studied through the technology of ____________________.

 137.
Wildlife agents use the technology of ____________________ to identify the remains of endangered animals and to identify who killed them.

 138.
The people in communities who make contributions to environmental research are called ____________________.

 139.
Students make contributions to environmental conservation by helping to care for ____________________ or ____________________ wildlife.

 

Short Answer
 140.
What universal law applies in a study of the flight of birds? How does it apply?

 141.
How could you use scientific thought to investigate a claim about a product?

 142.
Write a hypothesis to explain why the water level in an aquarium is going down.

 143.
What two groups are part of a controlled experiment?

 144.
What is the difference between an independent variable and dependent variables in a controlled experiment?

 145.
How does a scientist verify the conclusions of an experiment?

 146.
What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?

 147.
What makes SI easy to use?

 148.
What are the base SI units for volume, length, and mass?

 149.
What are two common kinds of microscopes. How do they differ?

 150.
What is sterile technique? What are four tools of sterile technique?

 151.
Suppose you are a scientist who studies sharks in their natural habitat. What are two names that describe the kind of biologist you are?

 152.
What is heredity?

 153.
Name the seven properties of life.

 154.
How are data from weather and climate satellites used in epidemiology?

 155.
How does a vaccination help people and animals resist disease?

 156.
How will the completion of the Human Genome Project contribute to biological research in the 21st Century?

 157.
List two examples of assistive technologies that will improve the lives of people with injuries and diseases.

 158.
How does genetic engineering that produced Bt corn help to increase the yield in a farmer’s corn field?

 159.
List two practical applications of biotechnology other than genetic engineering.

 160.
How has genetic engineering improved the treatment of people who have diabetes?

 161.
From what biological structure did engineers get the idea for a submarine?

 162.
What makes iris scans an effective technology for identifying people?

 163.
List two biological characteristics of individuals, besides fingerprints and iris patterns, that can be analyzed by computers to identify people.

 164.
List two concerns that people have expressed about the ethics of biotechnology.

 165.
List three important resources that all living things get from the environment.

 166.
What do the initials GIS stand for?

 167.
What is satellite tagging?

 168.
List three steps that students could take to get involved in environmental research.

 

Essay
 169.
Explain why accurate data and peer review are important in science.

 170.
The results of an experiment do not support the hypothesis that the experiment was designed to test. Was the experiment a waste of time? Explain your answer.

 171.
Explain the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable in a controlled experiment. Also indicate whether or not each kind of variable would be found in a control group and an experimental group.

 172.
Summarize the steps in the development of a theory.

 173.
Before doing experiments, what should you know about lab safety? What procedure should you follow if an accident occurs during an experiment in your class?

 174.
List and describe the seven properties of life shared by all living organisms.

 175.
Toads that live in hot, dry regions bury themselves in the soil during the day. How might this be important to toads?

nar001-1.jpg
 176.
Refer to the map above. West Nile Virus is a virus that attacks the nervous system of birds, humans, and many other mammals. The virus first appeared in the United States in 1999, when an outbreak was reported in the New York City area. Based on this background and the information shown in the map, write a paragraph that summarizes the state of West Nile Virus incidence in the United States as of 2006.

 177.
Explain how increased understanding of biology and science in general should enable humans to live longer and healthier lives.

 178.
Compare and contrast fingerprints and DNA fingerprints as a means of identifying individuals.

 179.
Ethics is the study of whether human actions are moral (right or wrong, acceptable or unacceptable). Summarize the role of ethics in guiding the future of biotechnology.

 180.
What important lesson can be learned from the recent discovery of new kinds of organisms in a remote area of New Guinea?

 

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Chapter 1 Introduction

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Chapter 1 Introduction
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 1.
Biology is the study of
a.
minerals.
c.
the weather.
b.
life.
d.
energy.
 2.
All organisms possess DNA. DNA
a.
creates energy for cells.
b.
allows sensitivity to environmental stimuli.
c.
contains information for growth and development.
d.
captures energy from the sun.
 3.
Instructions for traits that are passed from parents to offspring are known as
a.
a species plan.
c.
genes.
b.
organ codes.
d.
natural selections.
 4.
Homeostasis means
a.
a change over long periods of time.
b.
keeping things the same.
c.
rapid change.
d.
the same thing as evolution.
 5.
Ecology
a.
refers to change in species over time.
b.
refers to a delicate internal balance within organisms.
c.
is inconsistent with evolution.
d.
is the study of communities or organisms in relation to their environment.
 6.
Which of the following is not necessarily a characteristic of living things?
a.
homeostasis
c.
complexity
b.
metabolism
d.
reproduction
 7.
The smallest units that can carry on all the functions of life are called
a.
molecules.
c.
organelles.
b.
cells.
d.
species.
 8.
Living things
a.
need energy for life processes.
b.
have the ability to reproduce.
c.
are composed of cells.
d.
All of the above
 9.
All organisms are composed of
a.
diatoms.
c.
cells.
b.
cellulose.
d.
None of the above
 10.
All living things maintain a balance within their cells and the environment through the process of
a.
growth.
c.
homeostasis.
b.
development.
d.
evolution.
 11.
Which of the following is a characteristic of all living things?
a.
movement
c.
development
b.
photosynthesis
d.
cellular organization
 12.
Which of the following is not a partial explanation for our lack of understanding of many of the living things on Earth?
a.
Many organisms are microscopic in size and therefore difficult to observe.
b.
Many organisms are so different from other organisms that it is difficult to understand them.
c.
Many organisms live in areas of the world that are difficult to explore.
d.
Tropical rain forests contain many species, and it is difficult to find all of them in these dense forests.
 13.
A scientist noticed that in acidic pond water some salamanders developed with curved spines. This was a(n)
a.
hypothesis.
c.
observation.
b.
theory.
d.
control.
 14.
Which example of scientific methodology is incorrect?
a.
observation—a number of people in a certain place dying of a disease outbreak
b.
measurement—a record of the number of people with symptoms of a disease and the number of people who had died from the disease
c.
analysis of data—comparison of the effects of mixing monkey cells with virus-containing blood in test tubes and the effects of mixing liquid from these test tubes with fresh monkey cells
d.
inference making—identification of the Ebola virus as the cause of a disease by taking electron micrographs of substances found in the blood of persons affected with the disease
 15.
The English physician Ronald Ross wanted to try to find the cause of malaria. Based on his observations, Dr. Ross suggested that the Anopheles mosquito might spread malaria from person to person. This suggestion was a
a.
prediction.
c.
theory.
b.
hypothesis.
d.
scientific “truth.”
 16.
The English physician Ronald Ross knew that the parasite Plasmodium was always found in the blood of malaria patients. He thought that if the Anopheles mosquitoes were responsible for spreading malaria, then Plasmodium would be found in the mosquitoes. This idea was a
a.
prediction.
c.
theory.
b.
hypothesis.
d.
scientific “truth.”
 17.
Scientific hypotheses are most often tested by the process of
a.
communicating.
c.
experimenting.
b.
inferring.
d.
analyzing data.
 18.
A hypothesis is
a.
a definite answer to a given problem.
b.
a testable possible explanation of an observation.
c.
a proven statement.
d.
a concluding statement.
 19.
A unifying explanation for a broad range of observations is a
a.
hypothesis.
c.
prediction.
b.
theory.
d.
controlled experiment.
 20.
A hypothesis that does not explain an observation
a.
is known as an inaccurate forecast.
b.
often predicts a different observation.
c.
is rejected.
d.
None of the above
 21.
Scientists usually design experiments
a.
with a good idea of the expected experimental results.
b.
based on wild guesses.
c.
in order to develop new laboratory tools.
d.
All of the above
 22.
A scientific theory
a.
is absolutely certain.
b.
is unchangeable.
c.
may be revised as new evidence is presented.
d.
is a controlled experiment.
 23.
The word theory used in a scientific sense means
a.
a highly tested, generally accepted principle.
b.
a guess made with very little knowledge to support it.
c.
an absolute scientific certainty.
d.
None of the above
 24.
observation : hypothesis ::
a.
theory : observation
c.
hypothesis : experiment
b.
guess : hypothesis
d.
theory : control
 25.
Which of the following components of a scientific investigation would benefit from communication between scientists?
a.
observing
c.
analyzing data
b.
measuring
d.
All of the above
 26.
Typically, the order in which the steps of the scientific method are applied is
a.
observations, predictions, hypothesis, controlled testing, theory, verification.
b.
predictions, observations, hypothesis, theory, controlled testing, verification.
c.
observations, hypothesis, predictions, controlled testing, theory, verification.
d.
observations, hypothesis, predictions, controlled testing, verification, theory.
 27.
A light microscope that has an objective lens of 10 and an ocular lens of 20 has a magnification of
a.
30.
c.
300.
b.
200.
d.
2000.
 28.
Which of the following is not a correct association between an SI base unit abbreviation and its base quantity?
a.
A—area
b.
m—length
c.
s—time
d.
mol—amount of a substance
 29.
Which of the following is not an example of good laboratory practice?
a.
working alone in the lab
b.
asking permission before using equipment
c.
working with a partner in the lab
d.
wearing goggles in the lab
 30.
Scientists share their research results by
a.
publishing in scientific journals.
b.
presenting at scientific meetings.
c.
avoiding conflicts of interest.
d.
Both a and b
 

Completion
Complete each statement.
 31.
____________________ is the study of the interaction of organisms with their environment and with each other.

 32.
To function properly, all living things must maintain a constant internal environment through the process of ____________________.

 33.
An educated guess, or a(n) ____________________, may be tested by experimentation.

 34.
Stating in advance the result that may be obtained from testing a hypothesis is called ____________________.

 35.
A unifying explanation for a broad range of observations is a ____________________.

 36.
A ____________________ experiment is one in which the condition suspected to cause the effect is compared to the same situation without the suspected condition.

 37.
The base unit for length in the Système International d’Unités (International System of Units) is the ____________________.

 38.
A ____________________ electron microscope passes a beam of electrons over a specimen’s surface, whereas a ____________________ electron microscope passes a beam of electrons through a thin slice of a specimen.

 

Problem
 39.
Some scientists conducted an experiment in which they evaluated various measurements of human health in people who drank at least one cup of coffee a day. They found no significant differences in these health indicators between the subjects who drank only one cup of coffee a day and those who drank as many as 20 cups a day. They concluded that coffee has no adverse effects on human health. Write your answers to the following in the spaces below.
a. What were the independent and dependent variables in this experiment?
b. Was this a controlled experiment? If so, what were the control and experimental groups?
c. Do you agree with the conclusion the scientists drew from their results? Why or why not?

 

Essay
 40.
Briefly discuss some of the major themes in biology that we will examine this year. Write your answer in the space below.

 41.
Name five characteristics that are considered distinct properties of all living things. Write your answer in the space below.

 42.
Toads that live in hot, dry regions bury themselves in the soil during the day. How might this be important to the toad? Write your answer in the space below.

 43.
The results of an experiment do not support the hypothesis that the experiment was designed to test. Was the experiment a waste of time? Explain. Write your answer in the space below.

 44.
Why is it important to study biology even if you are not planning a career in biology? Write your answer in the space below.

 

         Start Over

Picturing Lab Safety

Get the Picture?
www.biologycorner.com

View the picture and answer the questions concerning lab safety.

Questions:

1. List 3 unsafe activities shown in the illustration and explain why each is unsafe.

 

2. List 3 correct procedures depicted in the illustration.

3. What should Bob do after the accident?

4. What should Sue have done to avoid an accident?

5. Compare Luke and Duke’s lab techniques. Who is following the rules?

6. What are three things shown in the lab that should not be there?

7. Compare Joe and Carl’s lab techniques. Who is doing it the correct way?

8. What will happen to Ray and Tim when the teacher catches them?

9. List three items in the illustration that are there for the safety of the students in the lab.

 

10. What is Betty doing wrong?