Category: 1st Semester

Evolution Quiz 2

Name: 

Theory of Evolution 

 

 

 

True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
1.
Within populations, divergence leads to speciation.
2.
Genetic similarities between species is evidence of common ancestry.
3.
Shared common traits are a clue to common ancestry.
4.
The pelvic (hip) bones of a snake are vestigial organs.
5.
Darwin would have explained giraffes having long necks as a trait that allowed the fittest to survive.
6.
Darwin was the first scientist to propose that living things evolve.
7.
Most organisms produce more offspring than can possibly survive.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
8.
The change that results in a species being better suited to its environment is known as
a.
reproduction.
c.
adaptation.
b.
variation.
d.
selection.
9.
New species form
a.
when ecological races diverge more and more.
b.
because of natural selection.
c.
when members of the same species become adapted to new environments.
d.
All of the above
10.
Natural selection causes
a.
changes in the environment.
b.
plants and animals to produce more offspring than can survive.
c.
changes in the frequency of certain alleles in a population.
d.
All of the above
11.
The theory of evolution predicts that
a.
closely related species will show similarities in nucleotide sequences.
b.
if species have changed over time, their genes should have changed.
c.
closely related species will show similarities in amino acid sequences.
d.
All of the above
12.
Mutations are important to the understanding of evolution because they increase the
a.
value of natural selection of animals
c.
use of organs in animals
b.
production of variations in animals
d.
differentiation of animal embryos
13.
The human appendix is an example of a structure that is
a.
homologous
c.
a variation
b.
acquired
d.
vestigial
14.
The modern theory of evolution supports the concept that inheritable variations within a species may result from
a.
recombination of genes during fertilization
c.
changes in autosomes
b.
use and disuse
d.
acquired characteristics
15.
The occurrence of the same blood protein in a group of species provides evidence that these species
a.
evolved in the same habitat
c.
descended from a common ancestor
b.
evolved in different habitats
d.
descended from different ancestors
16.
According to modern ideas of evolution, the fittest individuals are those that
a.
are stronger
c.
are best adapted to their environment
b.
move faster
d.
have the largest brains
17.
After all the grass was eaten, early horses had to stretch for food on trees.  Consequently these horses developed longer legs and necks. This statement is consistent with the views of
a.
Darwin only
c.
both men
b.
Lamarck only
d.
neither man
18.
It has been observed that white mice live in areas with white soil and brown mice live in areas with dark soil.  Which statement best describes the situation?
a.
All organisms tend to increase in numbers at a geometric rate
b.
In each generation, the number of individuals in a species remains constant
c.
There is a struggle to survive
d.
Variations are passed to offspring.  Favorable variations aid survival and reproduction
19.
Squirrels on the north rim of the Grand Canyon differ in many respects from those on the south rim (the river prevents passage from one to the other).  Which statement best describes the situation?
a.
In each generation, the number of individuals in a species remains constant
b.
Variations, which may be inherited, are found among individuals in each species
c.
The inheritance of favorable variations may eventually lead to the development of a new species
d.
All organisms tend to increase in numbers at a geometric rate
20.
The idea of the survival of the fittest is part of the explanation of the theory of evolution called
a.
use and disuse
c.
natural selection
b.
inheritance of acquired characteristics
d.
continuity of the germ plasm
21.
The process of change with time during successive generations among living things is
a.
evolution
c.
extinction
b.
law of use and disuse
d.
none of these
22.
Which of the following is an example of a morphological adaptation?
a.
hibernation
c.
an enzyme
b.
crab’s claws
d.
migration
23.
Competition between individuals of a species occurs primarily because of
a.
a scarcity of resources
c.
low birth rates
b.
advantageous variations
d.
acquired characteristics
24.
The book, Origin of the Species, was written by
a.
Charles Darwin
c.
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
b.
Alfred Russell Wallace
d.
Thomas Malthus
25.
Variation is most important to Darwin’s theory of evolution because it
a.
provides material on which natural selection acts
b.
allows individuals to explore new habitats
c.
minimizes competition within a species
d.
allows individuals to make the best use of limited resources
26.
Evolutionary change is a(n)
a.
assumption
c.
collection of hypotheses
b.
fact
d.
debatable opinion
27.
Unlike Lamarck’s theory of evolution, Darwin’s theory included the idea
a.
that species change over time
b.
of natural selection
c.
that acquired characteristics are inherited
d.
that organisms change by a desire to better themselves
28.
According to Darwin, the process in which organisms best suited to their environment survive and reproduce is called
a.
convergent evolution
c.
natural selection
b.
divergent evolution
d.
artificial selection
29.
Genes that are active during the early development of fishes, birds, and humans are the shared heritage from a(an)
a.
fish
c.
common ancestor
b.
bird
d.
early human
30.
Darwin began to formulate his concept of evolution by natural selection after
a.
experimentation with animals.
b.
observations of many species and their geographical location.
c.
reading the writings of Wallace.
d.
agreeing with Lamarck about the driving force behind evolution.
31.
Charles Lyell’s work suggests that
a.
Earth is many millions of years old.
b.
Earth is several thousand years old.
c.
all fossils were formed in the last 1000 years.
d.
all rocks on Earth contain fossils.
32.
Which is a major concept included in Lamarck’s theory of evolution?
a.
Change is the result of survival of the fittest.
b.
Body structure can change according to the actions of the organism.
c.
Population size decreases the rate of evolution.
d.
Artificial selection is the basis for evolution.
33.
An adaptation is an inherited characteristic that can be
a.
physical or behavioral.
b.
physical or geographical.
c.
acquired during the organism’s lifetime.
d.
the result of artificial selection.
34.
The hypothesis that species change over time by natural selection was proposed by
a.
James Hutton.
b.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.
c.
Thomas Malthus.
d.
Charles Darwin.
35.
Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution explains all of the following EXCEPT
a.
how species become extinct.
b.
how inherited traits are passed from parent to offspring.
c.
how species change over time.
d.
how evolution takes place in the natural world.

 
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Chromosomes & Inheritance Worksheet Bi

 

 

 

Chromosomes & Inheritance

Section 12-1 Sex Determination

1. Geneticist Thomas Hunt Morgan conducted breeding experiments with what animal?

2. How many pairs of chromosomes are found in Drosophila.

3. Are the chromosomes in male & female fruit flies the same? Explain.

4. What did Morgan name the 2 chromosomes in the non-identical pair?

5. Describe the shape of the 2 chromosomes in the non-identical pair.

6. Morgan hypothesized that the non-identical pair were the _____________ chromosomes.

7. All other chromosomes except X and Y are called ______________________________.

8. What is the genotype for males? Females?

9. When male & female fruit flies are crossed, what percent of the offspring will be male? Female?

10. Because the X chromosome was much bigger than the Y chromosome, what did Morgan hypothesize?

11. Genes on the X chromosome are ____________________________ genes.

12. What is meant by sex linkage?

13. Did Morgan’s experiments prove or disprove the existence of sex-linked traits?

14. Name a trait that Morgan discovered was carried on the X chromosome in fruit flies.

15. Use a Punnett Square to show the results of crossing a red-eyed female (XRXR) with a white-eyed male XrY.

16. Use a Punnett Square to show the results of crossing a red-eyed female (XRXr) with a red-eyed male XRY.

17. What are linkage groups?

18. What 2 fruit fly traits did Morgan discover were linked?

19. What is the effect of crossing-over on genes?

20. Do genes that are close together or far apart get crossed over more often?

21. What is a chromosome map?

22. What scientist made a chromosome map of Drosophila?

23. How is one amp unit determined?

24. What is germ cell mutation & what is its effect?

25. What are somatic mutations, give an example, & can they be passed on to offspring?

26. What are lethal mutations?

27. What are chromosome mutations?

28. Name & describe 4 types of chromosome mutations.

29. What are gene mutations?

30. What are point mutations?

31. What are substitutions & give an example of a disease caused by this type of gene change?

32. What are frame shift mutations?

Section 12-2 Human Genetics

33. What is a pedigree?

34. Write the symbol that would appear on a pedigree for each of the following:

a. Male carrier?

b. Male with trait?

c. Female carrier?

d. Female with trait?

35. Name several single allele traits (both dominant & recessive).

36. Name 3 sex-linked traits.

37. What are polygenic traits and name four.

38. What influences the expression of a sex-influenced trait?

39. Name & describe 2 types of nondisjunction.

40. What causes Down syndrome?

41. When would genetic screening be useful?

42. What is amniocentesis?

43. What disease is genetically screened fro immediately after birth in the U.S.?

Biochemistry Quiz 2

Name: 

Biochemistry 

 

 

True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
1.
When sugar is dissolved in water, the sugar and water are chemically combined.
2.
Functional groups are side groups of carbon compounds that confer specific properties to these compounds.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
3.
Water molecules are polar, with the
a.
oxygen side being slightly positive and the hydrogen side being slightly negative.
b.
oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly positive.
c.
oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly negative.
d.
oxygen side being slightly negative and the hydrogen side being slightly positive.
4.
Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things?
a.
carbohydrates
b.
lipids
c.
nucleic acids
d.
proteins
5.
Which of these is a characteristic of enzymes?
a.
they are protein
c.
they are reusable
b.
they are specific
d.
all of these
6.
Which element is found in proteins but not in carbohydrates and fats?
a.
nitrogen
c.
hydrogen
b.
carbon
d.
oxygen
7.
Which organic molecule below is most closely related to lipids?
a.
amino acids
c.
nucleotides
b.
CH2 chains
d.
sugars
chp3_online_tutoria_files/i0100000.jpgchp3_online_tutoria_files/i0100001.jpg
             Molecule A        Molecule B
8.
Refer to the illustration above. Molecules like Molecule “B” are found in
a.
carbohydrates.
c.
nucleic acids.
b.
lipids.
d.
proteins.
9.
Which of the following is composed of fatty acids and glycerol?
a.
carbohydrate
c.
protein
b.
lipid
d.
nucleic acid
10.
This group of organic compounds includes monosaccharides:
a.
carbohydrates
c.
protein
b.
lipids
d.
nucleic acids
11.
Carbon is different from most other elements in that
a.
it has four electrons in its outermost energy level.
b.
it readily bonds with other carbon atoms.
c.
it can form single, double, or triple bonds with other atoms.
d.
it shares two electrons with another atom when it forms a covalent bond.
12.
Which of the following characteristics of water is not a result of hydrogen bonding?
a.
adhesive strength
b.
capillarity
c.
cohesive strength
d.
All of the above are a result of hydrogen bonding.
13.
Polysaccharides are
a.
carbohydrates.
c.
proteins.
b.
lipids.
d.
unsaturated fats.
14.
Enzymes involved in a chemical reaction:
a.
are used up during the reaction
b.
are decomposed during the reaction
c.
react more rapidly as the reaction progresses
d.
are not used up during the reaction
15.
Which organic compound is involved in heredity?
a.
carbohydrate
c.
proteins
b.
lipid
d.
nucleic acids
16.
Water molecules break up other polar substances,
a.
such as sugars.
b.
because of the uneven charge distribution that exists in water molecules.
c.
thus freeing ions in these substances for use by the body.
d.
All of the above
17.
When a glass is filled to the brim with water, the water appears to bulge from the sides of the glass due to
a.
capillarity
c.
adhesion
b.
thermal energy
d.
cohesion
18.
Lipids are soluble in
a.
water.
c.
oil.
b.
salt water.
d.
All of the above
19.
Which organic molecule below is classified as a carbohydrate?
a.
amino acid
c.
nucleotide
b.
CH2 chain
d.
sugar
20.
Which of the following is not an organic macromolecule?
a.
carbohydrate
c.
lipid
b.
ice
d.
nucleic acid
21.
Long chains of amino acids are found in
a.
carbohydrates.
c.
proteins.
b.
lipids.
d.
sugars.
22.
Amino acids are the building blocks of larger molecules called:
a.
cellulose
c.
fats
b.
proteins
d.
glycogen
23.
Which of the following is an organic compound?
a.
CaO
c.
C5H12
b.
H2O
d.
H2SO4
24.
All of the following are examples of carbohydrates except
a.
sugar.
c.
steroids.
b.
cellulose.
d.
glycogen.

 
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Cell Quiz 4

Name: 

 

 Cells & Organelles

 

 

True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
1.
Organelles enable eukaryotic cells to specialize.
2.
Chromatin carries a cell’s genetic information.
3.
Nucleoli produce the RNA of ribosomes
4.
Cells within a tissue carry out a common function.
5.
The ribosome is the site of protein synthesis within a cell.
6.
A unicellular organism is at a disadvantage when compared to a multicellular organism because a unicellular organism is unable to perform all life functions that a multicellular organism can.
7.
Cell membranes are totally permeable.
8.
As a cell gets larger, its volume increases at a faster rate than its surface area.
9.
ATP is produced primarily in mitochondria.
10.
The only difference between a plant cell and an animal cell is that plant cells have chloroplasts.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
11.
Which of the following is not a function both multicellular and unicellular organisms can perform?
a.
coordinate the activities of organs
c.
produce other cells
b.
synthesize new living material
d.
regulate water balance
12.
Structures that support and give shape to cells are
a.
Golgi bodies
c.
basal bodies
b.
microtubules
d.
chloroplasts
13.
Which of the following functions are performed by both multicellular and unicellular organisms?
a.
regulating water balance
c.
producing other cells
b.
reacting to changes in the environment
d.
all of these
14.
What structures are associated with cell division?
a.
mitochondria
c.
Golgi bodies
b.
chloroplasts
d.
centrioles
15.
A complex network of membranes lying between the nuclear membrane and the cell membrane is
the
a.
mitochondria
c.
cristae
b.
chromosomes
d.
endoplasmic reticulum
16.
A particularly active cell might contain large amounts of
a.
chromosomes.
c.
mitochondria.
b.
vacuoles.
d.
walls.
17.
The cell membrane
a.
allows all substances to pass into and out of the cell
c.
is composed mainly of a protein bilayer
b.
prevents all substances from passing into and out of the cell
d.
is composed mainly of a lipid bilayer
18.
Sometimes these organelles are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum to form rough ER
a.
chloroplasts
c.
mitochondria
b.
ribosomes
d.
centrioles
19.
One difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that
a.
nucleic acids are found only in prokaryotes.
b.
mitochondria are found in larger quantities in eukaryotes.
c.
Golgi vesicles are found only in prokaryotes.
d.
prokaryotes have no nuclear membrane.
20.
Cigar-shaped bodies in the cytoplasm known as centers of ATP production are
a.
Golgi bodies
c.
ribosomes
b.
mitochondria
d.
chloroplasts
21.
Which of the following cells would probably contain the greatest number of mitochondria
a.
stomach cells
c.
bone cells
b.
muscle cells
d.
red blood cells
22.
Any cell component that performs specific functions is called:
a.
an organelle
c.
a eukaryote
b.
a nucleus
d.
a microorganism
23.
Hooke’s discovery of cells was made observing
a.
living algal cells.
c.
dead plant cells.
b.
living human blood cells.
d.
dead protist cells.
24.
When the volume of a cell increases, its surface area
a.
increases at the same rate.
c.
increases at a faster rate.
b.
remains the same.
d.
increases at a slower rate.
25.
Cells that have a high energy requirement generally have many
a.
nuclei
c.
mitochondria
b.
flagella
d.
microfillaments
26.
Which organelles are a pathway for transport of materials
a.
endoplasmic reticulum
c.
mitochondria
b.
ribosomes
d.
Golgi bodies
27.
Which organelle selectively destroys tissue to shape the bodies of animals during early
development?
a.
lysosome
c.
cell membrane
b.
mitochondria
d.
ribosome
28.
The ends of this structure pinch off to form lysosomes
a.
endoplasmic reticulum
c.
Golgi bodies
b.
mitochondria
d.
centrioles
29.
A cell that can change its shape would be well suited for
a.
receiving and transmitting nerve impulses.
b.
covering the body surface.
c.
moving to different tissues through narrow openings.
d.
All of the above
30.
Which organelles store cellular secretions?
a.
endoplasmic reticulum
c.
Golgi bodies
b.
ribosomes
d.
centrioles
31.
Which of the following is not a specialized activity found in cells of Volvox (green algae) colonies?
a.
photosynthesis
c.
movement
b.
transmission of messages
d.
reproduction
32.
Ribosomes are
a.
surrounded by a double membrane
c.
composed of proteins and RNA
b.
manufactured in the cytosol
d.
attached to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
33.
Lysosomes function in cells to
a.
recycle cell parts
c.
shape developing body parts
b.
destroy viruses and bacteria
d.
all of the above
34.
An example of a prokaryotic cell is a(n)
a.
animal cell.
c.
bacterium.
b.
tree cell.
d.
“animalcule.”
35.
Which of the following associations between a type of animal tissue and its primary function is incorrect?
a.
connective tissue—transport of substances around the body
b.
epithelial tissue—protective surface coverings
c.
muscle tissue—contraction
d.
nervous tissue—receiving and transmitting messages
36.
Which of the following is not part of an animal cell?
a.
protoplasm
c.
cell wall
b.
nucleus
d.
cell membrane
37.
The organelles associated with photosynthesis are the
a.
mitochondria.
c.
Golgi apparatus.
b.
chloroplasts.
d.
vacuoles.
38.
The cell theory states that
a.
Unicellular organisms are exceptions to the rule
b.
cells come from other cells
c.
cell membranes have a fluid mosaic structure
d.
A and B
39.
One early piece of evidence supporting the cell theory was the observation that
a.
only plants are composed of cells
c.
cells come from other cells
b.
only animals are composed of cells
d.
animal cells come from plant cells
40.
The semifluid that fills most of the cell outside the nucleus is called:
a.
cellulose
c.
nucleoplasm
b.
cytoplasm
d.
pectin

 
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