Curriculum Map 143 - BIOLOGY JUNCTION

Virus Worksheet

Viruses Worksheet

Structure of Viruses

1. Are viruses living or nonliving?

2. How can viruses be useful?

3. What odes a virologist do for a living?

4. Construct a Venn diagram comparing viruses and cells.

5. Explain how viruses were discovered and by whom.

6. Compare the size of viruses, bacteria, and eukaryotic cells.

7. What must be true for viruses to be able to replicate?

8. Name the two main parts of all viruses.

9. Discuss the hereditary material of viruses.

10. Compare & contrast capsids and envelopes of viruses.

11. Name 2 enveloped viruses that cause sexually transmitted disease.

12. What type of virus causes flu?

13. Where are glycoproteins found & what is there purpose?

14. What characteristics are used to group viruses?

15. How are these viruses grouped — retrovirus, adenovirus, and herpes virus?

16. Compare & contrast helical & icosahedral viral shapes & diseases.

17. Explain how RNA viruses replicate.

18. Do viruses contain enzymes? Explain.

19. Compare 7 contrast viroids & prions by constructing a Venn diagram.

Viral Replication

20. Why are viruses considered to be obligate intracellular parasites?

21. What is the best known bacteriophage, and what virus does it attack?

22. Sketch & label a bacteriophage and tell the function of each labeled part.

23. Name the steps of the lytic cycle & tell what happens to the host cell & virus at each stage.

24. What are temperate phages and how do they affect a cell?

25. Name the steps of the lysogenic cycle & tell what happens to the host cell & virus at each stage.

26. How does a prophage form?

27.Name a sexually transmitted virus that uses the lysogenic cycle to attack host cells.

28. Why is the influenza virus so hard to combat?

Viruses & Human Disease

29. Name some of the most common viral disease that attack humans.

30. How are shingles & chickenpox alike? How are they different?

31.What two methods are used to control viral diseases?

32. What is the CDC and what is its job?

33.What eradication program did the World Health Organization undertake in 1967, and what were the results?

34. What virus do we vaccinate our pets against each year?

35. How does AZT work?

36. What drugs prevent viruses from making capsids?

37. Why is rain forest clearing dangerous to humans?

38. Some lysogenic viruses can trigger certain types of _________________.

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Amphibian Study Guide

Describe what happens to a tadpole during its metamorphosis.

Explain why amphibians must return to the water to reproduce.

What characteristics of the frog’s skeleton make it adapted for jumping.

What is a series of body changes during an amphibian’s life cycle called?

Does a frog’s heart pump oxygenated or deoxygenated blood? Explain.

Are adult frogs omnivores, herbivores, or carnivores? tadpoles?

Tell some unusual ways some frogs undergo their metamorphosis.

Where must frogs lay their eggs?

Give the order for amphibians without tails.

Where do toads lay their eggs?

What does the word “amphibian” mean?

What is the earliest known amphibian fossil?

Where does fertilization take place in most amphibians?

Describe the skin of amphibians. How does this compare to reptiles?

Describe caecilians.

What is the purpose of the cloaca in amphibians?

Amphibians with slender bodies and no limbs are _____________.

Why do amphibians need thin, moist skin?

Name the 2 ways gases are exchanged in amphibian adults.

Give the order for newts & salamanders.

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Amino Acids

Listed below are the common names and structural formulas of the twenty amino acids found in proteins. They are arranged alphabetically.

alanine

arginine

asparagine

aspartic acid

cysteine

glutamic acid

glutamine

glycine

histidine

isoleucine

leucine

lysine

methionine

phenylalanine

proline

serine

threonine

tryptophan

tyrosine

valine

Procedure Using a sterile loop, pick an isolated colony from you bacterial plate. Try to find one that grew well but is all by itself. Move the colony (don’t scoop up the agar) to a new plate. Using a moist, sterile, cotton swab, spread the bacteria around on the plate.

The goal is to get an complete, even, coverage of bacterial growth on the plate (called a “lawn”). Remember to open the plate only minimally, using the lid as an “umbrella” to prevent contamination (see image below). Label each plate on the bottom (agar contaning side) and store it for examination during next week’s lab.Each new prepared plate will receive four paper discs containing antibiotics. We will be using several different types of Antibiotics and/or antimicrobials.

(please fill in which antibiotics you used below)

The antibiotic discs come in a little tube-like dispenser. To remove the discs take a sterile toothpick and push out a disc into your plate. Use the toothpick to gently press the disc onto the agar. Once you have added the five antibiotic discs to your plates, make sure the plates are labelled and store them in the back of the lab until next week.

If the bacteria are susceptible to the antibiotic a zone of inhibited growth will be evident next week. Measuring the size of this zone is a relative indication of the effect of the antibiotic on the particular bacteria.

Bacteria possess several characteristics that enable them to become resistant to antimicrobial drugs:

Asexual reproduction
Short generation times
High mutation rates

Some Information on Antibiotics

Questions –

1. Name two ways (1. and 2. ) that common human practices towards antimicrobials aids bacteria in becoming resistant.

2. Name two reasons your Physician will perform cultures such as the ones you have done in this lab.

4. How are materials are collected for cultures?

5. Why is neccesary to use sterile technique when obtaining cultures?

Category: Curriculum Map

Virus Worksheet

Animal Concept Map

Amphibian Study Guide BI

Amphibian Study Guide

Amino Acids

Antibiotic Resistant Lab