Curriculum Map 142 - BIOLOGY JUNCTION

Amphibian Study Guide BI

Amphibian Study Guide

Describe what happens to a tadpole during its metamorphosis.

Explain why amphibians must return to the water to reproduce.

What characteristics of the frog’s skeleton make it adapted for jumping.

What is a series of body changes during an amphibian’s life cycle called?

Does a frog’s heart pump oxygenated or deoxygenated blood? Explain.

Are adult frogs omnivores, herbivores, or carnivores? tadpoles?

Tell some unusual ways some frogs undergo their metamorphosis.

Where must frogs lay their eggs?

Give the order for amphibians without tails.

Where do toads lay their eggs?

What does the word “amphibian” mean?

What is the earliest known amphibian fossil?

Where does fertilization take place in most amphibians?

Describe the skin of amphibians. How does this compare to reptiles?

Describe caecilians.

What is the purpose of the cloaca in amphibians?

Amphibians with slender bodies and no limbs are _____________.

Why do amphibians need thin, moist skin?

Name the 2 ways gases are exchanged in amphibian adults.

Give the order for newts & salamanders.

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Amino Acids

Listed below are the common names and structural formulas of the twenty amino acids found in proteins. They are arranged alphabetically.

alanine

arginine

asparagine

aspartic acid

cysteine

glutamic acid

glutamine

glycine

histidine

isoleucine

leucine

lysine

methionine

phenylalanine

proline

serine

threonine

tryptophan

tyrosine

valine

Virus Worksheet

Viruses Worksheet

Structure of Viruses

1. Are viruses living or nonliving?

2. How can viruses be useful?

3. What odes a virologist do for a living?

4. Construct a Venn diagram comparing viruses and cells.

5. Explain how viruses were discovered and by whom.

6. Compare the size of viruses, bacteria, and eukaryotic cells.

7. What must be true for viruses to be able to replicate?

8. Name the two main parts of all viruses.

9. Discuss the hereditary material of viruses.

10. Compare & contrast capsids and envelopes of viruses.

11. Name 2 enveloped viruses that cause sexually transmitted disease.

12. What type of virus causes flu?

13. Where are glycoproteins found & what is there purpose?

14. What characteristics are used to group viruses?

15. How are these viruses grouped — retrovirus, adenovirus, and herpes virus?

16. Compare & contrast helical & icosahedral viral shapes & diseases.

17. Explain how RNA viruses replicate.

18. Do viruses contain enzymes? Explain.

19. Compare 7 contrast viroids & prions by constructing a Venn diagram.

Viral Replication

20. Why are viruses considered to be obligate intracellular parasites?

21. What is the best known bacteriophage, and what virus does it attack?

22. Sketch & label a bacteriophage and tell the function of each labeled part.

23. Name the steps of the lytic cycle & tell what happens to the host cell & virus at each stage.

24. What are temperate phages and how do they affect a cell?

25. Name the steps of the lysogenic cycle & tell what happens to the host cell & virus at each stage.

26. How does a prophage form?

27.Name a sexually transmitted virus that uses the lysogenic cycle to attack host cells.

28. Why is the influenza virus so hard to combat?

Viruses & Human Disease

29. Name some of the most common viral disease that attack humans.

30. How are shingles & chickenpox alike? How are they different?

31.What two methods are used to control viral diseases?

32. What is the CDC and what is its job?

33.What eradication program did the World Health Organization undertake in 1967, and what were the results?

34. What virus do we vaccinate our pets against each year?

35. How does AZT work?

36. What drugs prevent viruses from making capsids?

37. Why is rain forest clearing dangerous to humans?

38. Some lysogenic viruses can trigger certain types of _________________.

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Animal Concept Map

Annelid

Phylum Annelida
Characteristics

Includes duster worms, earthworms, & leeches
Abundant in all habitats
Have a true coelom fully lined with mesoderm
Body divided into external segments called metameres (metamerism)

Metameres correspond to internal segments
Have a one-way digestive system with a mouth & anus
Well developed brain & sensory organs
Fluid-filled coelom provides hydrostatic skeleton
Most have external bristles or setae that aid movement
Setae may be modified into flashy appendages called parapodia

PARAPODIA

Includes 3 classes based on number of setae & presence or absence of parapodia
Classes of segmented worms — Oligochaeta, Polychaeta, & Hirudenia

Class Oligochaeta
Characteristics

Have no parapodia & few setae
Includes earthworms

EARTHWORM

Bodies may have over 100 metameres
Internal partitions called septa
Distinct anterior & posterior ends
Cephalization (head with sense organs) shows specialization for burrowing
Have both circular & longitudinal muscles for movement
Have external, saddle-shaped structure called clitellum that forms a cocoon containing eggs & sperm
Prostomium or lip digs through soil as earthworm feeds on organic matter
Pharynx is a muscular organ behind the mouth to help suck in food
Food temporarily stored in crop, ground in gizzard, and digested & absorbed in intestine
Wastes called castings pass out through anus
Closed circulatory system with 5 pairs of aortic arches or hearts
Dorsal blood vessel carries blood posteriorly to cells & ventral blood vessel returns blood anteriorly

Secrete mucus to keep skin moist so oxygen will dissolve & diffuse into body
Long tubules called nephridia filter wastes from blood & excrete it through pores
Simple brain, no eyes, & dorsal and ventral nerve cords
Sensitive to light, touch, moisture, chemicals, temperature, & vibrations
Hermaphrodites exchange sperm & cross-fertilize
Sperm sacs store the worm’s own sperm & seminal receptacles store exchanged sperm

Class Hirudenia
Characteristics

No setae or parapodia
Includes leeches
Have anterior & posterior suckers for attachment

LEECH

Some suck blood from hosts, while others are scavengers or predators
Mouth’s of blood-sucking leeches with chitinous teeth & secrete anticoagulant
Found in freshwater
Flattened dorso-ventrally
Hermaphrodites that cross-fertilize

Class Polychaeta
Characteristics

Marine
Includes sandworms & clamworms
Have paddle-like parapodia to move
Take in oxygen through parapodia
Some are free-swimming predators with strong jaws to feed on small animals
Many live commensally with sponges, mollusks, & echinoderms
Well-developed head with antenna & specialized mouthparts

SANDWORM

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