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Planarian Regeneration by Lora Bueker
| Planarian Regeneration |
Lab Objective
When a brown planarian’s body part is lost or damaged, the planarian will regenerate a new body part to replace the lost one.
Planarian Background
The brown planarian is the Dugesia tigrina. It is in the class Turbellaria, which is in the phylum Platyhelminthes. The freshwater Tubellarians are found in almost all aquatic habitats. Planarians hide under rocks, leaves, and debris to avoid light. Planarians have no definite eyes, just eyespots that cannot form an image and are sensitive to light. Planarians are known as triciads because of their triple gut with a single anterior and two posterior branches. Planarians reproduce both sexually and asexually. In sexual reproduction they produce “summer” eggs, which are thin-shelled and transparent; and “winter” eggs, which are usually black and set on stalks. Planarians are hermaphroditic, possessing complete male and female systems. They produce asexually by fragmentation and tail dropping in which they spontaneously drop their tails and each end regenerates the missing part. Planarians are carnivorous eating both living and dead organic matter. Kept in captivity, they feed on raw liver.
Lab Materials
Materials used in the lab include two petri dishes, a pencil, paper, two planarians, a microscope slide, lens paper, scalpel, dropper/pipette, magnifying glass, camel’s hair brush, ruler, scissors, tape, raw data folder, and aged water.
Lab Procedure
Choose two cuts from the eight operations given. (Figure 1) Record your name & the number of the cut on a label and tape this on the underside of the petri dish so it is visible from the top. Repeat this procedure with the second cut & dish. Fill both dishes with aged water. Next, choose two planarians and measure the length and width of each worm and record this in your data folder. Prepare an “operating table” by wrapping lens paper around a microscope slide. Using a camel’s hair brush, transfer a planarian from the petri dish to the operating table. Allow the planarian to become fully extended on the slide, but do not let it dry out. When the planarian is fully extended, make the chosen cut quickly and cleanly. When the operation is complete, rinse the pieces of planarian into the petri dish with a stream of aged water from the dropper. Replace the lids on the petri dish and place in a shaded area at room temperature. Repeat with the second cut. During the regeneration process, do not feed the planarians, and they should not be disturbed as little as possible.
* Because planarians foul their water quickly, it is necessary to change their water twice a week by pipetteing the old water out and replacing with new aged water. It will also be necessary to oxygenate the water by blowing bubbles in the water with the dropper.
Figure 1
Data
* Cut one is a transverse cut, while cut two is a longitudinal cut.
Table 1
| CUT ONE | Length | Width | Number of Pieces | Other |
| Day 1 | 10 mm | 2mm | 3 | |
| Day 2 | 3mm each | 1mm each | 4 | Head part moving, others floating |
| Day 6 | 3mm each | 1mm each | 4 | Tail dropped on one piece |
| Day 8 | 3mm each | 1mm each | 4 | Slight growth |
| Day 13 | 3mm each | 1mm each | 4 | Water changed & oxygenated |
| Day14 | 3mm each | 1mm each | 4 | Vast regeneration, all part moving, transparent in color in some areas |
Table 2
| CUT TWO | Length | Width | Number of Pieces | Other |
| Day 1 | 9mm | 2mm | 2 | Both tails dropped |
| Day 2 | 4mm each | 1mm each | 1 | 1 piece disintegrated |
| Day 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Total disintegrated/ new cut |
| Day 8 | 3mm & 4mm | 1mm & 1mm | 2 | Slight growth |
| Day 13 | 3mm & 4mm | 1mm & 1mm | 2 | Slight growth |
| Day14 | 3mm & 4mm | 1mm & 1mm | 2 | Definite movement |
Error Analysis
Some tail dropping occurred & some pieces were so small that they disintegrated instead of regenerating
Conclusion
It can be concluded that when a planarian loses or damages a body part, it will regenerate over a certain period of time into a whole new planarian. There are some conditions that may occur during the regeneration process. For instance, the tail end of a headpiece grows faster, and the eyes first begin to appear about a week into the lab. Between the eyes and pharynx, the pharynx regenerates faster. While the rest of the body is brown, the regenerated areas are transparent and also show polarity.
Pre AP Grades
| Pre AP Biology Grades |
August 20, 2011
Fourth Nine Weeks Grades
| 1st Period | 8th Period |
| CHERYL MASSENGALE COMPLETE DETAILED RECORD – Quarter 1 1 PREAP BIOLOGY 1 2 Qtr. 1 Aug 18, 2011 100100 QUARTER Method: Weight/Categories Student H T HOMEWORK LAB QUIZ TEST Qtr. 1 = = > 91100 A- 91% A 100% A 99% = = > 94 94 A 94% A 94% A 94% = = > 91 94 A- 91% A 94% A 94% = = > 91 94 A- 91% A 94% A 94% = = > 88 94 B+ 88% A 94% A- 93% = = > 88 94 B+ 88% A 94% A- 93% = = > 91 89 A- 91% B+ 89% B+ 89% = = > 88 89 B+ 88% B+ 89% B+ 89% = = > 88 89 B+ 88% B+ 89% B+ 89% = = > 79 89 C+ 79% B+ 89% B+ 88% = = > 73 89 C- 73% B+ 89% B+ 87% = = > 94 83 A 94% B- 83% B 84% = = > 91 83 A- 91% B- 83% B 84% = = > 91 83 A- 91% B- 83% B 84% = = > 88 83 B+ 88% B- 83% B 84% = = > 88 83 B+ 88% B- 83% B 84% = = > 85 83 B 85% B- 83% B- 83% = = > 85 83 B 85% B- 83% B- 83% = = > 83 B- 83% B- 83% = = > 80 83 B- 80% B- 83% B- 83% = = > 73 83 C- 73% B- 83% B- 82% = = > 97 78 A 97% C+ 78% B- 80% = = > 91 78 A- 91% C+ 78% C+ 79% = = > 88 78 B+ 88% C+ 78% C+ 79% = = > 85 78 B 85% C+ 78% C+ 79% = = > 82 78 B- 82% C+ 78% C+ 79% = = > 85 72 B 85% C- 72% C 74% = = > 73 72 C- 73% C- 72% C- 72% Average = = > 87 85 B+ 87% B 85% B 85% WT.10% WT.20% WT.70% Weight/PercentagesASSIGNMENTS FOR 1 PREAP BIOLOGY Quarter 1 AUG 17 1 H 100 SAFETY WKSHT AUG 18 2 T 100 SAFETY TEST |
CHERYL MASSENGALE COMPLETE DETAILED RECORD – Quarter 1 8 PREAP BIOLOGY 1 2 Qtr. 1 Aug 18, 2011 100100 QTR PTS. QUARTER Method: Cumulative Points Student H T HOMEWORK LAB QUIZ TEST Qtr. 1 = = > 91 89 180/200 A- 91% B+ 89% A- 90% = = > 91 89 180/200 A- 91% B+ 89% A- 90% = = > 79100 179/200 C+ 79% A 100% B+ 89% = = > 85 94 179/200 B 85% A 94% B+ 89% = = > 88 89 177/200 B+ 88% B+ 89% B+ 89% = = > 88 89 177/200 B+ 88% B+ 89% B+ 89% = = > 82 94 176/200 B- 82% A 94% B+ 88% = = > 82 94 176/200 B- 82% A 94% B+ 88% = = > 85 89 174/200 B 85% B+ 89% B+ 87% = = > 79 94 173/200 C+ 79% A 94% B 86% = = > 88 83 171/200 B+ 88% B- 83% B 86% = = > 82 89 171/200 B- 82% B+ 89% B 86% = = > 82 89 171/200 B- 82% B+ 89% B 86% = = > 79 89 168/200 C+ 79% B+ 89% B 84% = = > 79 89 168/200 C+ 79% B+ 89% B 84% = = > 73 94 167/200 C- 73% A 94% B 84% = = > 82 83 165/200 B- 82% B- 83% B- 83% = = > 82 83 165/200 B- 82% B- 83% B- 83% = = > 82 83 165/200 B- 82% B- 83% B- 83% = = > 76 89 165/200 C 76% B+ 89% B- 83% = = > 79 83 162/200 C+ 79% B- 83% B- 81% = = > 79 83 162/200 C+ 79% B- 83% B- 81% = = > 76 78 154/200 C 76% C+ 78% C+ 77% = = > 55 83 138/200 F 55% B- 83% D+ 69% = = > NC 94 94/200 F 0% A 94% F 47% = = > NC 89 89/200 F 0% B+ 89% F 45% Average = = > 75 89 164/200 C 75% B+ 89% B- 82% WT. 50% WT. 0% WT. 0% WT. 50% Cumulative PointsASSIGNMENTS FOR 8 PREAP BIOLOGY Quarter 1 AUG 17 1 H 100 SAFETY WKSHT AUG 18 2 T 100 SAFETY TEST |
Plant Classification Study Guide
PLANT EVOLUTION AND CLASSIFICATION
1. There are more than ________________ different plant species.
2. Plants share Four Characteristics:
A._________________________________________________________________
B._________________________________________________________________
C._________________________________________________________________
D._________________________________________________________________
3. In their characteristics plants are most similar to the ________________________.
4. Plants and Green Algae Have these Characteristics in Common:
A.__________________________________________________________________
B.__________________________________________________________________
C.__________________________________________________________________
D.__________________________________________________________________
5. There are also some important Difference:
A.__________________________________________________________________
B.__________________________________________________________________
C.__________________________________________________________________
D.__________________________________________________________________
6. All plants are photosynthetic, multicellular, __________________________ organisms, and can _________________________ _________________________.
7. A ____________________ is a ripen ovary that surrounds the seeds of angiosperms.
8. All plants probably evolved from ______________________ __________________.
9. One of the greatest problems that encountered by the first land plants was the need for
___________________________.
10. How does water aid the fertilization of some organisms? ______________________
____________________________________________________________________
11. _________________________ of _______________________ means that there are TWO
phases in the life cycle of plants:
A. The first phase: ___________________ ______________________ phase that produces ________________________ and _______________________.
B. The second phase: ___________________ _____________________ phase that produces ________________________.
12. Sexual reproduction ensures there will be __________________________ ______________________ in plants.
13. The type of vascular tissue that transports organic compounds is ____________________________.
14. The _____________________ is a waxy, waterproof layer that coats the parts of a plant
exposed to air.
15. The earliest plants were probably __________________, and had NO true ___________,
____________________, or ______________________.
16. __________________ is a hard compound that strengthens cell walls, enabling cells to support additional weight.
17. The 12 Phyla of plants can be divided into two groups based on the presence of __________________________ ___________________________.
18. One adaptation that help land plants to slow the evaporation of water was a
____________________________.
19. The type of vascular tissue that transports water is _________________________.
20. This type of angiosperm has parallel leaf venation __________________________.
21. The waxy covering on plant surfaces is called _____________________________.
22. The plant material in peat bogs decomposes very ________________________ because the bogs are ____________________________.
23. How many plant phyla produce seeds? _____________________
24. What type of gymnosperm produces fleshy seeds? ____________________________
25. What is the photosynthetic phase of a moss called? ______________________________
26. Bryophytes, instead of roots, they have long, thin strands of cells called ____________________ that attach the plant to the soil.
27. Vascular plants absorb water from the soil through underground structures called
_____________________. They also provide a plant with ___________________.
28. Non-woody plants are usually called ___________________________.
29. _____________________ carries organic compounds in any direction depending on the plant’s needs.
30. In order to reproduce, a nonvascular plant must have ________________________.
31. Rhizoids are long, thin strands of cells that resemble ________________________.
32. The roots of vascular plants absorb water and _________________________ _________________________.
33. What is the non-photosynthetic phase of a moss called ____________________________.
34. Gymnosperms produce “_____________________” seeds, while angiosperms produce _______________________ protected inside a _____________________________.
35. This type of angiosperm has net leaf venation __________________________.
36. The _________________________ allow for the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen.
37. Sphagnum is often used to ______________________ soil and help it ____________________ __________________________.
38. A ___________________ is a protective structure that contains a plant
__________________, and _________________ __________________.
39. A __________________ is a structure that develops in plants with flowers and contains the
____________________.
40. Nonvascular plants are distinguished by the absence of ______________________ and ____________________________.
41. All nonvascular plants are collectively called _______________________________.
42. Vascular plants are classified into one of Two Types: _______________________ or
________________________________ plants.
43. What are the Four Phyla of Seedless Vascular Plants? ________________________,
________________________, ______________________, ________________________.
44. What are the Five Phyla of Seed Vascular Plants? _______________________,
_________________________, _________________________,
________________________, and ______________________________.
45. Vascular seed plants are subdivided into TWO general categories according to the type of seeds they produce: _________________________________ and
____________________________________.
46. A ____________________________ is a special reproductive structure composed of hard scales, that produces seeds without a fruit.
47. ____________________ are vascular plants that produce seeds lacking a protective
_______________________. They are often called _______________ _________.
48. A seed is a _________________________ embryo inside a __________________________ _____________________.
49. The _____________________ are vascular plants that produce seeds enclosed and
__________________ by a __________________.
50. All angiosperms produce _________________ and _________________.
51. The protective structure that contains the seed or seeds of an angiosperm is the
______________________.
52. One way of distinguishing among the many types of angiosperms is by counting the number of seed leaves or ________________________.
53. Angiosperms with only ONE cotyledon are called _______________________________ or simply _____________________.
54. An angiosperm whose embryo has TWO cotyledons are called __________________________________ or simply _______________________.
56. Plants that produce seed protected by a fruit are called _______________________________.
57. A dicot is an angiosperm whose embryo has Two _______________________.
58. Plants remove carbon dioxide from the air by the process of ________________________.
59. Bryophytes are _______________-growing plants that live in _____________________ ________________________________.
60. All vascular plants have __________________________ tissues and _____________________________ of _________________________________.
61. True roots, stems, and leaves are characteristics of all ______________________ _________________________.
62. What are the primary functions of spores and seeds?
63. In what ways do green algae differ from plants?
64. Why do nonvascular plants have to live in moist environments?
65. Name three bryophytes, and identify their common characteristics.
66. Which plant phylum contains the tallest and most massive plants? Is this a phylum of nonvascular, seedless vascular, or seed plants?
67. Conifers are often found living at high elevations in locations with cold, dry winters. What characteristic enables them to retain their leaves in these conditions?
Pre AP Lab Reports
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Pre AP Lab Reports
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