Darwinian Evolution – PreAP Biology

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Darwinian Evolution – PreAP Biology
  

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 
 1.
Which of the following are examples of fossils?
a.
shells or old bones
b.
any traces of dead organisms
c.
insects trapped in tree sap
d.
All of the above
 
 2.
Animal fossils may form when
a.
an animal is buried by sediment.
b.
an animal is buried on the ocean floor, in swamps, in mud, or in tar pits.
c.
an animal’s tissue is replaced by harder minerals.
d.
All of the above
 
 3.
Darwin drew ideas for his theory from observations of organisms on
a.
the Samoan Islands.
b.
Manhattan Island.
c.
the Hawaiian Islands.
d.
the Galápagos Islands.
 
 4.
The species of finches that Darwin observed differed in the shape of their beaks. According to Darwin, all of these species probably
a.
had a common ancestor.
b.
had migrated from Africa.
c.
had descended from similar birds in Africa.
d.
ate the same diet.
 
 5.
Darwin thought that the animals of the Galápagos Islands were similar to those of the nearby coast of South America because
a.
the animals’ ancestors had migrated from South America to the Galápagos Islands.
b.
the animals had all been brought to the islands by humans.
c.
the islands had slowly drifted away from the mainland.
d.
the animals in both places had evolved in nearly identical environments
 
 6.
According to Darwin, evolution occurs
a.
only through artificial selection.
b.
during half-life periods of 5,715 years.
c.
because of natural selection.
d.
so rapidly that it can be observed easily.
 
 7.
When Darwin published his first book about evolution, he included all of the following ideas except
a.
the idea that species change slowly over time.
b.
the idea that some organisms reproduce at a greater rate than others.
c.
the idea that species are permanent and unchanging.
d.
the idea that some species become better suited to their environment than others.
 
 8.
The major idea that Darwin presented in his book The Origin of Species was that
a.
species change over time and never compete with each other.
b.
animals change, but plants remain the same over time.
c.
species may change in small ways but cannot give rise to new species.
d.
species change over time by natural selection.
 
 9.
Natural selection is the process by which
a.
the age of selected fossils is calculated.
b.
organisms with traits well suited to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than organisms less suited to the same environment.
c.
acquired traits are passed on from one generation to the next.
d.
All of the above
 
 10.
Populations of the same species living in different places
a.
do not vary.
b.
always show balancing selection.
c.
are genetically identical to each other.
d.
become increasingly different as each population becomes adapted to its own environment.
 
 11.
Scarcity of resources and a growing population are most likely to result in
a.
decreased homology.
b.
increased genetic variation.
c.
increased competition.
d.
convergent evolution.
 
  
 
nar001-1.jpg
 
 12.
Refer to the illustration above. An analysis of DNA from these organisms would indicate that
a.
they have identical DNA.
b.
they all have the same number of bones.
c.
their nucleotide sequences show many similarities.
d.
they all have the same number of chromosomes.
 
 13.
Refer to the illustration above. The similarity of these structures is one form of evidence that the organisms
a.
share a common ancestor.
b.
all grow at different rates.
c.
evolved instantaneously.
d.
live for a long time.
 
 14.
Refer to the illustration above. The bones labeled “X” can be referred to as
a.
vestigial structures.
b.
sequential structures.
c.
homologous structures.
d.
fossil structures.
 
 15.
Which of the following is most likely a vestigial structure?
a.
the human tailbone
c.
flower color
b.
the beak of a finch
d.
a fossil of a snail
 
 16.
Homologous structures in organisms provide evidence that the organisms
a.
share a common ancestor.
b.
must have lived at different times.
c.
have a skeletal structure.
d.
are now extinct.
 
 17.
Anatomical structures that appear to be derived from a functional structure in an ancestor, but that currently do not serve an important function, are called
a.
inorganic.
c.
fossilized.
b.
mutated.
d.
vestigial.
 
 18.
The beak of a bird and the beak of a giant squid evolved independently and serve the same function. The beaks are
a.
divergent structures.
c.
analogous structures.
b.
homologous structures.
d.
hybrid structures.
 
 19.
Evidence that evolution occurs includes all of the following except
a.
acquired characteristics.
b.
similarities and differences in proteins and DNA sequences between organisms.
c.
the fossil record.
d.
homologous structures among different organisms.
 
 20.

Cytochrome c is a protein that is involved in cellular respiration in all eukaryotic organisms. Human cytochrome c contains 104 amino acids. The following table compares human cytochrome c with cytochrome c from a number of other organisms.

 

Organism
Number of cytochrome c amino acids
that differ from human cytochrome c amino acids
Chickens
18
Chimpanzees
0
Dogs
13
Rattlesnakes
20
Rhesus monkeys
1
Yeasts
56
  

Which of the following is not a valid inference from these data?

a.
Chimpanzees are more closely related to humans than yeasts are.
b.
The cytochrome c of chimpanzees differs from that of rhesus monkeys by only one amino acid.
c.
Dogs are more closely related to humans than chickens are.
d.
All of the proteins produced by chimpanzees and humans are identical.
 
 21.
The accumulation of differences between populations that once formed a single population is called
a.
coevolution.
b.
adaptation.
c.
divergent evolution.
d.
cumulative differentiation.
 
 22.
Over millions of years, plants and their pollinators have
a.
coevolved.
c.
become parasites.
b.
crossbred.
d.
become competitive.
 
 23.

mc023-1.jpg

Refer to the illustration above. While the shark and dolphin are similar in appearance, dolphins evolved from ancestors that were very different from sharks. The current similarity between sharks and dolphins is an example of

a.
coevolution.
c.
convergent evolution.
b.
biogeography.
d.
divergent evolution.
 
 24.
What is the idea developed by Charles Lyell which states that the geologic processes that shaped Earth in the past continue to operate in the same way today?
a.
inheritance of acquired characteristics
b.
catastrophism
c.
uniformitarianism
d.
descent with modification
 
 25.
The idea of inheritance of acquitted characteristics was proposed by
a.
Charles Darwin.
c.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.
b.
George Cuvier.
d.
Charles Lyell.
 
 26.
Which of the following describes a population?
a.
dogs and cats living in Austin, Texas
b.
four species of fish living in a pond
c.
dogwood trees in Middletown, Connecticut
d.
roses and tulips in a garden
 
 27.
The movement of alleles into or out of a population due to migration is called
a.
mutation.
c.
nonrandom mating.
b.
gene flow.
d.
natural selection.
 
 28.
What type of population is most susceptible to loss of genetic variability as a result of genetic drift?
a.
large populations
b.
medium-sized populations
c.
small populations
d.
populations that fluctuate in size
 
 29.
A change in the frequency of a particular gene in one direction in a population is called
a.
directional selection.
b.
acquired variation.
c.
chromosome drift.
d.
stabilizing selection.
 
 30.
The type of selection that may eliminate intermediate phenotypes is
a.
direction selection.
b.
disruptive selection.
c.
polygenic selection.
d.
stabilizing selection.
 
 31.
Directional selection tends to eliminate
a.
both extremes in a range of phenotypes.
b.
one extreme in a range of phenotypes.
c.
intermediate phenotypes.
d.
None of the above; it causes new phenotypes to form.
 
 32.
The large, brightly colored tail feathers of the male peacock are valuable to him because
a.
they attract potential predators.
b.
they warn off potential competitors for mates.
c.
they attract potential mates.
d.
they attract people who provide them with food.
 
 33.
The hypothesis that evolution occurs at an irregular rate through geologic time is known as
a.
directional evolution.
b.
directional equilibrium.
c.
punctuated equilibrium.
d.
punctuated evolution.
 

 

 
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Pre AP Grades

 

Pre AP Biology Grades  

August 20, 2011
Fourth Nine Weeks Grades

1st Period8th Period
CHERYL MASSENGALE COMPLETE DETAILED RECORD – Quarter 1
1 PREAP BIOLOGY 1 2
Qtr. 1 Aug 18, 2011 100100 QUARTER Method: Weight/Categories
Student H T HOMEWORK LAB QUIZ TEST Qtr. 1
= = > 91100 A- 91% A 100% A 99%
= = > 94 94 A 94% A 94% A 94%
= = > 91 94 A- 91% A 94% A 94%
= = > 91 94 A- 91% A 94% A 94%
= = > 88 94 B+ 88% A 94% A- 93%
= = > 88 94 B+ 88% A 94% A- 93%
= = > 91 89 A- 91% B+ 89% B+ 89%
= = > 88 89 B+ 88% B+ 89% B+ 89%
= = > 88 89 B+ 88% B+ 89% B+ 89%
= = > 79 89 C+ 79% B+ 89% B+ 88%
= = > 73 89 C- 73% B+ 89% B+ 87%
= = > 94 83 A 94% B- 83% B 84%
= = > 91 83 A- 91% B- 83% B 84%
= = > 91 83 A- 91% B- 83% B 84%
= = > 88 83 B+ 88% B- 83% B 84%
= = > 88 83 B+ 88% B- 83% B 84%
= = > 85 83 B 85% B- 83% B- 83%
= = > 85 83 B 85% B- 83% B- 83%
= = > 83 B- 83% B- 83%
= = > 80 83 B- 80% B- 83% B- 83%
= = > 73 83 C- 73% B- 83% B- 82%
= = > 97 78 A 97% C+ 78% B- 80%
= = > 91 78 A- 91% C+ 78% C+ 79%
= = > 88 78 B+ 88% C+ 78% C+ 79%
= = > 85 78 B 85% C+ 78% C+ 79%
= = > 82 78 B- 82% C+ 78% C+ 79%
= = > 85 72 B 85% C- 72% C 74%
= = > 73 72 C- 73% C- 72% C- 72%
Average = = > 87 85 B+ 87% B 85% B 85%
WT.10% WT.20% WT.70% Weight/PercentagesASSIGNMENTS FOR 1 PREAP BIOLOGY Quarter 1
AUG 17 1 H 100 SAFETY WKSHT AUG 18 2 T 100 SAFETY TEST
CHERYL MASSENGALE COMPLETE DETAILED RECORD – Quarter 1
8 PREAP BIOLOGY 1 2
Qtr. 1 Aug 18, 2011 100100 QTR PTS. QUARTER Method: Cumulative Points
Student H T HOMEWORK LAB QUIZ TEST Qtr. 1
= = > 91 89 180/200 A- 91% B+ 89% A- 90%
= = > 91 89 180/200 A- 91% B+ 89% A- 90%
= = > 79100 179/200 C+ 79% A 100% B+ 89%
= = > 85 94 179/200 B 85% A 94% B+ 89%
= = > 88 89 177/200 B+ 88% B+ 89% B+ 89%
= = > 88 89 177/200 B+ 88% B+ 89% B+ 89%
= = > 82 94 176/200 B- 82% A 94% B+ 88%
= = > 82 94 176/200 B- 82% A 94% B+ 88%
= = > 85 89 174/200 B 85% B+ 89% B+ 87%
= = > 79 94 173/200 C+ 79% A 94% B 86%
= = > 88 83 171/200 B+ 88% B- 83% B 86%
= = > 82 89 171/200 B- 82% B+ 89% B 86%
= = > 82 89 171/200 B- 82% B+ 89% B 86%
= = > 79 89 168/200 C+ 79% B+ 89% B 84%
= = > 79 89 168/200 C+ 79% B+ 89% B 84%
= = > 73 94 167/200 C- 73% A 94% B 84%
= = > 82 83 165/200 B- 82% B- 83% B- 83%
= = > 82 83 165/200 B- 82% B- 83% B- 83%
= = > 82 83 165/200 B- 82% B- 83% B- 83%
= = > 76 89 165/200 C 76% B+ 89% B- 83%
= = > 79 83 162/200 C+ 79% B- 83% B- 81%
= = > 79 83 162/200 C+ 79% B- 83% B- 81%
= = > 76 78 154/200 C 76% C+ 78% C+ 77%
= = > 55 83 138/200 F 55% B- 83% D+ 69%
= = > NC 94 94/200 F 0% A 94% F 47%
= = > NC 89 89/200 F 0% B+ 89% F 45%
Average = = > 75 89 164/200 C 75% B+ 89% B- 82%
WT. 50% WT. 0% WT. 0% WT. 50% Cumulative PointsASSIGNMENTS FOR 8 PREAP BIOLOGY Quarter 1
AUG 17 1 H 100 SAFETY WKSHT AUG 18 2 T 100 SAFETY TEST

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Pre AP Lab Reports

 

Pre AP Lab Reports

Calorimetry of Food Energy
Sample 1     Sample 2     Sample 3
Scientific Method – All Thumbs!
Sample 1     Sample 2
Osmosis Through an Egg Membrane
Sample 1     Sample 2    Sample 3     Sample 4
Environmental pH
Sample 1     Sample 2
Chromatography of Plant Pigments
Sample 1     Sample 2     Sample 3
Planarian Regeneration
Sheep Heart Dissection Chromatography of Pigments
Metric MeasurementWater Properties
 
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Preap Biochemistry Study Guide

 

Biochemistry Review 

 

1. Molecules with a slightly negative end and a slightly positive end are called ___________________  _____________________________.

2. A monomer of protein is called an __________________  __________________.

3. An attractive force between like particles is called ___________________________.

4. Organic molecules that catalyze reactions in living systems are ______________________.

5. The compound found in living things that supplies the energy in one of its chemical bonds directly to cells is ______________________.

6. Enzymes lower activation energy by___________ to the ____________________ and ______________________ bonds within the ________________________.

7. The monomers that make up nucleic acids are called __________________________.

8. The type of attraction that holds two water molecules together is called __________________________  __________________________.

9. The sharing of three pairs of electrons is called a ___________________  _____________.

10.  The structural building block that determines the characteristics of a compound is called the _____________________________  _______________________.

11.  Large carbon compounds are built from smaller molecules called ______________________________.

12.  What is the type of reaction that forms large molecules from smaller ones? _________________________________  _____________________________.

13.  What type of reaction breaks large molecules into smaller ones? _______________________

14.  What is the by product of a condensation reaction? __________________________

15.  The attractive force between unlike particles is called ____________________________.

16.  A compound that is stored as glycogen in animals and as a starch in plants is ____________________________________.

17.  Lipids are good energy storage molecules because they have many _________________-___________________ bonds.

18.  What are the components of many lipids? ________________________  ______________________

19.  What is the monomer of many polysaccharides? ______________________________

20.  What kind of reaction allows amino acids to become linked together? ________________________________  _____________________________.

21.  Nucleic acids function primarily to carry __________________________  ____________________ and direct _____________________  ______________________.

22. Tends not to react with water, “Water Fearing”  ________________________________

23. Attracted to water molecules, “Water Loving” _________________________________

24. Water is called a ___________________________  ___________________________.
DIRECTIONS: Read Chapter 3, Biochemistry, and Answer the questions below as completely and as thoroughly as possible. Answer the question in essay form (not outline form), using complete sentences. You may use diagrams or pictures to supplement your answers, but a diagram or picture alone without appropriate discussion is inadequate.

1. Describe the structure of a water molecule, and explain how the electrical charge is distributed over the molecule.

2. Describe the structure of amino acids and proteins.

3. What are the structural differences between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides?

4. What is capillarity? Include defining Adhesion and Cohesion.

5. How does a condensation reaction differ from a hydrolysis reaction?

6. Give Three reasons why water is an effective solvent.

7. What is an organic compound?

8. What property allows carbon compounds to exist in a number of forms?

9. The presence of four electrons in the outermost energy level of a carbon atom enables
carbon atoms to form what THREE Things.

10. Living things contain many different proteins of vastly different shapes and functions.
What determines the shape and thus the function of a particular protein?

11. How does the structure of a phospholipid, linear molecules with a polar end and a
nonpolar end, relate to their function in the cell membrane?