Resources 22 - BIOLOGY JUNCTION

Quiz Cell Reproduction

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Name:

Cell Reproduction

True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
	1.	The information needed by a cell to direct its activities and to determine its characteristics is contained in molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
	2.	Gametes are diploid so that when fertilization occurs, the resulting zygote will have the characteristic number of chromosomes for that species.
	3.	A karyotype is a type of gene.
	4.	Cell division in bacteria and eukaryotes takes place in precisely the same manner.
	5.	Cells spend most of their lifetime in interphase.
	6.	After the replication of a cell’s chromatids, there are twice as many centromeres as there are chromosomes.
	7.	Asexual reproduction occurs by mitosis.
	8.	During telophase, a nuclear envelope surrounds each new set of chromosomes.
	9.	Chromatids separate from each other during telophase.
	10.	After mitosis and cytokinesis, each new cell has a complete set of the original cell’s chromosomes.
Completion Complete each sentence or statement.
	11.	Following replication of its DNA, each chromosome contains two ____________________, which are attached to each other by a centromere.
	12.	Chromosomes that are not involved in sex determination are called ____________________.
	13.	A picture of a cell’s chromosomes is called a ____________________.
	14.	The sequence of events that occurs in a cell from one mitotic division to the next is called the ____________________.
	15.	“Cables” made of microtubules that extend from the poles of a cell to the centromeres during cell division are called ____________________.
	16.	In mitosis, anaphase follows ____________________.
	17.	The stage of meiosis during which homologues line up along the equator of the cell is called ____________________.
	18.	The process called ____________________ guarantees that the number of chromosomes in gametes is half the number of chromosomes in body cells.
	19.	A reciprocal exchange of corresponding segments of DNA is called ____________________.
	20.	As a result of spermatogenesis, ____________________ cells are produced that can all develop into sperm cells. As a result of oogenesis, only ____________________ cell(s) develop(s) into (an) egg cell(s).

Quiz Cells

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Name:

Cells

True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
	1.	Robert Hooke observed cork cells under a microscope.
	2.	Anton van Leeuwenhoek concluded that all plants are composed of cells.
	3.	All living things are composed of many cells.
	4.	A cell is the smallest unit that can carry on all the processes of life.
	5.	Inside smaller cells, materials and information can be transported more quickly.
	6.	Membranes are selectively permeable if they allow only certain substances to diffuse across them.
	7.	Lysosomes carry on cellular respiration.
	8.	Microtubules and microfilaments form the cytoskeleton of cells.
	9.	Colonial organisms differ from single-celled organisms in that each cell cannot support its own existence.
Completion Complete each sentence or statement.
	10.	The statement that “cells are produced only from existing cells” is part of the ____________________.
	11.	The ratio of surface area to volume puts limitations on a cell’s ____________________.
	12.	Eukaryotic cells are much larger and have more specialized functions than prokaryotic cells because they contain ____________________ which take up space and carry out specialized activities.
	13.	A cell with a well-defined nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane is called a(n) ____________________ cell.
	14.	A cell membrane is said to be ____________________ permeable because it allows the passage of some solutes and not others.
	15.	____________________ molecules have “heads” and “tails” and are found in the cell membrane.
	16.	Scientists have discovered that cells contain smaller specialized structures known as ____________________.
	17.	The spherical organelles that are the site of protein synthesis in a cell are the ____________________.
	18.	The meshlike network of protein fibers that supports the shape of the cell is called the ____________________.
	19.	The fluid portion of the cytoplasm is called the ____________________.
	20.	Photosynthesis takes place in the ____________________ of plant cells.

Quiz DNA

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Name:

Quiz DNA

True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
	1.	Despite years of research, the actual structure of the DNA molecule is still unknown.
	2.	Franklin’s X-ray diffraction images suggested that the DNA molecule resembled a tightly coiled spring, a shape called a helix.
	3.	In all living things, DNA replication must occur after cell division.
	4.	Multiple DNA polymerases may become attached to more than one portion of a DNA molecule at once, speeding up the rate of replication.
	5.	Before a DNA molecule can replicate itself, it must make itself more compact. This is accomplished by the double helix coiling up on itself.
Completion Complete each sentence or statement.
	6.	A DNA subunit composed of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base is called a(n) ____________________.
	7.	The name of the five-carbon sugar that makes up a part of the backbone of molecules of DNA is ____________________.
	8.	Watson and Crick determined that DNA molecules have the shape of a(n) ____________________.
	9.	Due to the strict pairing of nitrogen base pairs in DNA molecules, the two strands are said to be ____________________ to each other.
	10.	According to base-pairing rules, adenine pairs with ____________________ and guanine pairs with ____________________.
	11.	The enzyme that is responsible for replicating molecules of DNA by attaching complementary bases in the correct sequence is ____________________.
	12.	Enzymes called ____________________ are responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds that hold the complementary strands together.
	13.	The process by which DNA copies itself is called ____________________.
	14.	Molecules of ____________________ carry instructions for protein synthesis from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
	15.	The nitrogen-containing base that is found only in RNA is ____________________.
	16.	The enzyme responsible for making RNA is called ____________________.
	17.	The form of ribonucleic acid that carries genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes is ____________________.

Quiz Genetics

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Name:

Genetics

True/False

Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.

Genetics is the branch of biology that involves the study of how different traits are transmitted from one generation to the next.

Mendel discovered predictable patterns in the inheritance of traits.

The scientific study of heredity is called genetics.

In Mendel’s experiments with the flower color of pea plants, only the parental generation produced white flowers.

Mendel concluded that the patterns of inheritance are determined entirely by the environment.

The law of independent assortment was proposed by Mendel to explain his observations of inheritance patterns.

Genes on chromosomes are the units of inheritance.

The allele for a recessive trait is usually represented by a capital letter.

Heterozygous individuals have two of the same alleles for a particular gene.

10.

A probability of 1/4 is equal to a probability of 75 percent.

11.

The dominant allele for tallness in pea plants is represented by the letter t.

12.

In codominance, two alleles are expressed at the same time.

13.

All genes have only two alleles.

14.

A dihybrid cross involves two pairs of contrasting traits.

15.

Crosses involving a study of one gene are called monohybrid crosses.

Completion

Complete each sentence or statement.

16.

A reproductive process in which fertilization occurs within a single plant is ____________________.

17.

Mendel produced strains of pea plants through the process of ____________________.

18.

____________________ refers to the transmission of traits from parent to offspring in sexually reproducing organisms.

19.

In heterozygous individuals, only the ____________________ allele achieves expression.

20.

A trait that is not expressed in the F1 generation resulting from the crossbreeding of two genetically different, true-breeding organisms is called ____________________.

21.

The principle that states that one factor may mask the effect of another factor is the principle of ____________________.

22.

In Mendel’s experiments, a trait that disappeared in the F1 generation but reappeared in the F2 generation was always a ____________________.

23.

The cellular process that results in the segregation of Mendel’s factors is ____________________.

24.

Mendel formulated two principles known as the laws of ____________________.

25.

An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait is called ____________________.

26.

An organism’s ____________________ refers to the set of alleles it has inherited.

27.

The likelihood that a specific event will occur is called ____________________.

In pea plants, tallness (T) is dominant to shortness (t). Crosses between plants with these traits can be analyzed using a Punnett square similar to the one shown below.

	T	t
T	1	2
t	3	4

28.

Refer to the illustration above. The parents shown in the Punnett square could have offspring with a genotype ratio of ____________________.

29.

Refer to the illustration above. The phenotype of the plant that would be represented in box “4” of the Punnett square would be ____________________.

30.

A cross involving two pairs of contrasting traits is a(n) ____________________ cross.

Quiz Protein Synthesis

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Name:

Protein Synthesis

Completion Complete each sentence or statement.
	1.	In eukaryotes, gene expression is related to the coiling and uncoiling of ____________________.
	2.	A DNA subunit composed of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base is called a(n) ____________________.
	3.	The name of the five-carbon sugar that makes up a part of the backbone of molecules of DNA is ____________________.
	4.	Knowing the order of the bases in a gene permits scientists to determine the exact order of the amino acids in the expressed ____________________.
	5.	Due to the strict pairing of nitrogen base pairs in DNA molecules, the two strands are said to be ____________________ to each other.
	6.	According to base-pairing rules, adenine pairs with ____________________ and guanine pairs with ____________________.
	7.	The enzyme that is responsible for replicating molecules of DNA by attaching complementary bases in the correct sequence is ____________________.
	8.	Enzymes called ____________________ are responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds that hold the complementary strands together.
	9.	The process by which DNA copies itself is called ____________________.
	10.	Molecules of ____________________ carry instructions for protein synthesis from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
	11.	The nitrogen-containing base that is found only in RNA is ____________________.
	12.	The enzyme responsible for making RNA is called ____________________.
	13.	The form of ribonucleic acid that carries genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes is ____________________.
	14.	A ____________________ is a sequence of DNA at the beginning of a gene that signals RNA polymerase to begin transcription.
	15.	Messenger RNA is produced during the process of ____________________.
	16.	Of the 64 codons of mRNA, 61 code for ____________________, 3 are ____________________ signals, and one is a ____________________ signal.
	17.	Nucleotide sequences of tRNA that are complementary to codons on mRNA are called ____________________.
	18.	The sequence of three nucleotides that code for specific amino acids or stop signals in the synthesis of protein is called a(n) ____________________.
	19.	The information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA is used to make protein during the process of ____________________.
	20.	During translation, amino acids are brought to the ribosomes by molecules of ____________________.