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Bacteria Quiz

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Bacteria

 

 

True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
1.
Gram-negative bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan that stains purple.
2.
Bacteria lack nuclei and therefore also lack genetic material.
3.
Bacterial cells have membrane-bound organelles and chromosomes.
4.
Bacterial cells are usually much larger than eukaryotic cells.
5.
Bacteria are incapable of movement themselves; they can only get to new locations by growing toward them or by forming endospores and being carried in air or water.
6.
Some bacteria cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.
7.
When bacteria undergo nonreproductive genetic recombination, their bacterial chromosome is altered.
8.
Certain antibiotics have become ineffective against certain strains of bacteria. These bacteria have developed a resistance, which may be passed on from one generation of bacteria to the next.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
9.
The earliest known group of living organisms on Earth was
a.
viruses.
c.
bacteria.
b.
fungi.
d.
protists.
10.
Bacteria are the only organisms characterized as
a.
unicellular.
c.
eukaryotic.
b.
prokaryotic.
d.
photosynthetic.
11.
Bacteria can be classified according to their
a.
type of cell walls.
c.
Gram-staining characteristics.
b.
methods of obtaining energy.
d.
All of the above
bacteria1_files/i0140000.jpg
12.
Refer to the illustration above. Which of the diagrams has a shape like the Bacillus bacterial genus?
a.
Organism “A”
c.
Organism “C”
b.
Organism “B”
d.
None of the above
13.
When tested with a Gram stain, gram-positive bacteria are stained
a.
green.
c.
pink.
b.
yellow.
d.
purple.
14.
It is important to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in diagnosing a bacterial infection because
a.
Gram-negative bacteria do not respond to many antibiotics.
b.
Gram-positive bacteria never cause fatal diseases.
c.
Gram-positive bacteria destroy antibiotics, preventing them from working.
d.
Gram-positive bacteria respond to many antibiotics.
      bacteria1_files/i0180000.jpg
15.
Refer to the illustration above. If the bacterium in the diagram is Gram-negative, what two types of molecules would be found in the structure labeled “B”?
a.
protein and lipids
c.
polysaccharides and lipids
b.
protein and polysaccharides
d.
nucleic acid and lipids
16.
Which of the following comparisons is incorrect?
      PROKARYOTES      EUKARYOTES
a.
smaller      larger
b.
circular chromosomes      linear chromosomes
c.
binary fission      mitosis
d.
chloroplasts      mitochondria
17.
Structures found in a eukaryotic cell but not in a bacterial cell are
a.
cell nuclei.
c.
membrane-bound organelles.
b.
chromosomes.
d.
All of the above
18.
Cell organelles that E. coli and other bacteria have in common with eukaryotes are
a.
chloroplasts.
c.
nuclei.
b.
mitochondria.
d.
ribosomes.
19.
Which of the following conditions would be unsuitable for any kind of bacteria to grow?
a.
temperature of 110ºC (230ºF)
c.
pH of 5
b.
absence of water
d.
absence of oxygen
20.
Which of the following is a fermentation product of bacteria?
a.
ricotta cheese
c.
yogurt
b.
ice cream
d.
cottage cheese

 
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Bacteria Study Guide

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Bacteria Study Guide

 

 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 1.
The earliest known group of living organisms on Earth was
a.
 viruses.
c.
 bacteria.
b.
 fungi.
d.
 protists.
 2.
Bacteria and archaea are the only organisms characterized as
a.
 unicellular.
c.
 eukaryotic.
b.
 prokaryotic.
d.
 photosynthetic.
 3.
Bacteria can be classified according to their
a.
 type of cell walls.
b.
 methods of obtaining energy.
c.
 Gram-staining characteristics.
d.
 All of the above
nar001-1.jpg
 4.
Refer to the illustration above. Which of the organisms shown has the shape called bacillus?
a.
 organism 1
c.
 organism 3
b.
 organism 2
d.
 None of the above
 5.
Refer to the illustration above. The shape represented by organism 3 is called
a.
 coccus.
c.
 bacillus.
b.
 spirillum.
d.
 filamentous.
 6.
When tested with a Gram stain, Gram-positive bacteria are stained
a.
 green.
c.
 pink.
b.
 yellow.
d.
 purple.
 7.
Bacteria lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; therefore, they are classified as
a.
 prokaryotes.
c.
 anaerobes.
b.
 aerobes.
d.
 eukaryotes.
 8.
The cytoplasm of bacteria
a.
 contains numerous types of organelles.
b.
 is divided into compartments.
c.
 has varying numbers of chromosomes, depending on the species of bacteria.
d.
 contains a single chromosome.
 9.

Which of the following comparisons is incorrect?

PROKARYOTES      EUKARYOTES
a.
 smaller      larger
b.
 circular chromosomes      linear chromosomes
c.
 binary fission      mitosis
d.
 chloroplasts      mitochondria
 10.
One difference between human body cells and bacterial cells is that bacterial cells have
a.
 an outer cell wall made up of phosphates.
b.
 a cell wall made up of peptidoglycan.
c.
 no DNA.
d.
 no ribosomes.
 11.
Structures found in a eukaryotic cell but not in a bacterial cell are
a.
 cell nuclei.
b.
 multiple chromosomes.
c.
 membrane-bound organelles.
d.
 All of the above
 12.
Which of the following might be found in the cytoplasm of a bacterial cell?
a.
 chloroplasts
c.
 mitochondria
b.
 Golgi apparatus
d.
 None of the above
 13.
Bacterial cells
a.
 have a cell wall only.
b.
 have a cell membrane only.
c.
 have both a cell membrane and cell wall.
d.
 have a cell wall inside their cell membrane.
 14.
One thing that E. coli and other bacteria have in common with eukaryotes is the presence of
a.
 chloroplasts.
c.
 nuclei.
b.
 mitochondria.
d.
 DNA.
 15.
Bacterial endospores
a.
 occur where there is plenty of available food.
b.
 allow certain species to survive harsh environmental conditions.
c.
 are similar to human tumors.
d.
 can cause growth abnormalities in plants.
 16.
Which of the following are used by at least some bacteria for movement?
a.
 pili
b.
 flagella
c.
 cytoplasmic projections
d.
 All of the above
 17.
phototrophic bacteria : sunlight ::
a.
 chemotrophic bacteria : dead organisms
b.
 chemoautotrophic bacteria : inorganic molecules
c.
 photosynthesis : nitrification
d.
 heterotrophic bacteria : inorganic molecules
 18.
Which of the following conditions would be unsuitable for any kind of bacteria to grow?
a.
 temperature of 110ºC (230ºF)
b.
 absence of oxygen
c.
 pH of 5
d.
 None of the above
 19.
Prokaryotes can transfer pieces of genetic material in a process called
a.
 binary fission.
c.
 conjugation.
b.
 mitosis.
d.
 sexual reproduction.
 20.
During the process of transduction
a.
 a virus obtains DNA from a host bacterium.
b.
 a bacterial cell takes in DNA from the external environment.
c.
 one bacterium transfers DNA to another.
d.
 two bacteria exchange DNA.
 21.
A pathogen is an agent that is
a.
 beneficial to humans.
b.
 harmful only to plants.
c.
 harmful to living organisms.
d.
 nearly extinct.
 22.
Which of the following foods is not a fermentation product of bacteria?
a.
 sour cream
c.
 milk
b.
 a pickle
d.
 yogurt
 23.
Antibiotics
a.
 include penicillin and tetracycline.
b.
 may prevent bacteria from making new cell walls.
c.
 can be effective treatments for bacterial diseases.
d.
 All of the above
 24.
All of the following are habitats of archaea except
a.
 volcanic vents.
b.
 intestinal tract of cows.
c.
 salt lakes.
d.
 human skin.
 25.
Which of the following is not a way of preventing a foodborne illness at home?
a.
 washing kitchen utensils thoroughly in cold water
b.
 keeping cooked and raw foods separate during storage
c.
 washing fresh fruits and vegetables before eating them
d.
 refrigerating leftovers promptly
 

Completion
Complete each statement.
 26.
A spiral bacterium is called a(n) ____________________.
 27.
Spherical bacteria are called ____________________.
 28.
Rod-shaped bacteria are called ____________________.
 29.
The procedure used to distinguish between two types of bacterial cell wall composition is called ____________________.
 30.
Protective structures that some bacteria may form under harsh conditions are ____________________.
 31.
The cell walls of bacteria are composed of a combination of polysaccharide and polypeptide called ____________________.
 32.
Bacteria that obtain their energy from inorganic molecules, rather than from the sun, are called ____________________ bacteria.
 33.
In general, organisms that obtain their energy from sunlight are called ____________________.
 34.
Bacteria that get carbon from other organisms are called ____________________.
 35.
A(n) ____________________ is a substance that can be obtained from bacteria or fungi and can be used as a drug to fight pathogenic bacteria.
 36.
Many bacteria are ____________________ and must have oxygen to live, whereas other bacteria are ____________________ and cannot live where oxygen is present.
 37.
Bacteria that can survive either with or without oxygen are called _________________________.
 38.
Archaea are more closely related to ____________________ than they are to ____________________.
 39.
____________________ are poisons that can cause disease when bacteria secrete them into their environment.
 40.
The evolution of populations of pathogenic bacteria that antibiotics cannot kill is called _________________________.

 
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Amphibian Study Guides

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Amphibian Quiz

 

 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 1.
The word amphibian is derived from Greek words meaning
a.
 “fishlike.”
c.
 “double life.”
b.
 “froglike.”
d.
 “first lunged.”
 2.
Which of the following is not evidence that amphibians evolved from a lobe-finned fish?
a.
 The limb bones of amphibians are similar in shape and position to those of lobe-finned fishes.
b.
 Amphibians’ limb bones are used to support the body.
c.
 Amphibians are still alive, while lobe-finned fishes are extinct.
d.
 Both amphibians and lobe-finned fishes have a skull and a vertebral column.
 3.
The earliest known land vertebrates
a.
 were salamanders.
b.
 were amphibians.
c.
 lacked bones in their legs.
d.
 were now-extinct reptiles.
 4.
In amphibians, gases are exchanged through the gills, lungs, and
a.
 heart.
c.
 lateral line system.
b.
 air bladder.
d.
 skin.
 5.
Toads, like frogs,
a.
 cannot live in moist areas.
b.
 generally return to the water to reproduce.
c.
 have long tails as adults.
d.
 belong to the order Caudata.
 6.
Amphibians without tails are classified in the order
a.
 Apoda.
c.
 Caudata.
b.
 Anura.
d.
 Hydrodela.
 7.
Newts and salamanders are amphibians of the order
a.
 Apoda.
c.
 Caudata.
b.
 Anura.
d.
 Gymnophiona.
 8.
Amphibians have thin, moist skin
a.
 to allow easier gas exchange.
b.
 because thin, moist skin cannot be eaten by a predator.
c.
 so that they can slip easily into tight places.
d.
 to resist water loss.
 9.
Some type of strong skeletal support
a.
 exists in all animals, whether they are aquatic or terrestrial.
b.
 is necessary for animals to live outside aquatic environments.
c.
 is present primarily in aquatic vertebrates.
d.
 evolved first in reptiles.
 10.
Which of the following characteristics of the skeletons of frogs are adaptations for jumping?
a.
 forelimbs attached to a pectoral girdle and hind limbs attached to a pelvic girdle
b.
 fusion of bones of the lower limbs and of part of the vertebral column
c.
 cervical vertebrae
d.
 many separate, distinct vertebrae
 11.
All terrestrial vertebrates
a.
 must stay near water in order to reproduce.
b.
 have thin, moist skin for gas exchange.
c.
 have tracheal systems for delivering oxygen to cells.
d.
 have a double-loop circulatory system.
 12.
Which of the following is not a preadaptation in the transition from aquatic to terrestrial life?
a.
 bone structure in the fins that worked like legs
b.
 modified pouches in the digestive tract, which evolved into swim bladders
c.
 internal nostrils
d.
 a lateral line system
 13.
The amount of oxygen a lung can absorb depends primarily on
a.
 its thickness.
b.
 its position in the body of an animal.
c.
 its internal surface area.
d.
 the diameter of the bronchioles in the lung.
 14.
Adult frogs, like other amphibians, are
a.
 herbivores.
c.
 parasites.
b.
 omnivores.
d.
 carnivores.
 15.
Male frogs attract females by means of
a.
 vocalizations.
c.
 pheromones.
b.
 the amplexus.
d.
 metamorphosis.
 16.
Which of the following senses is not more developed in amphibians than in bony fishes?
a.
 lateral line system
c.
 smell
b.
 vision
d.
 hearing
 17.
Frogs reproduce in water or moist places because their eggs
a.
 are fertilized externally.
b.
 have a jelly-like coating that is permeable to water.
c.
 will dry out if removed from moisture.
d.
 All of the above
 18.
The series of changes in the life cycle of a frog is called
a.
 amniocentesis.
c.
 evolution.
b.
 metamorphosis.
d.
 synapsis.
 19.
During metamorphosis in frogs,
a.
 lungs replace gills.
b.
 limbs develop.
c.
 the tail disappears.
d.
 All of the above
 20.
Which of the following is not a method used by at least some frogs for caring for fertilized eggs as they develop?
a.
 gastric brooding
b.
 keeping eggs in vocal sacs
c.
 sitting on eggs
d.
 laying eggs on land
 

Completion
Complete each statement.
 21.
Amphibians differ from lobe-finned fishes and most other fishes in that they take in oxygen through their ____________________ and skin.
 22.
Salamanders and ____________________ are amphibians with a distinct head, tail, and limbs.
 23.
Frogs and toads are amphibians of the order ____________________.
 24.
Amphibians supplement the use of their lungs by respiring directly through their skin. This “skin breathing” is called ____________________ respiration.
 25.
Amphibians achieve more efficient circulation than fishes because of their ____________________ circulatory system.
 26.
In amphibians, the blood vessels that go from the lungs to the heart are called the ____________________ veins.
 27.
Young frogs respire using ____________________, while adult frogs respire using ____________________ and skin.
 28.
The tympanic membrane is another word for the ____________________.
 29.
The process of change that transforms a tadpole into an adult frog is called ____________________.
 30.
The male Darwin’s frog (Rhinoderma darwinii) protects maturing eggs by enclosing them in its ____________________ sacs, while a female gastric-brooding frog protects its eggs by keeping them in its ____________________.

 
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Annelids

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Annelids

 

 

True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
1.
Different regions of an annelid’s body specialize for different functions.
2.
Some leeches have become specialized to a parasitic way of life by developing the ability to suck blood from the bodies of other organisms.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
3.
Twisting of the visceral mass of gastropods is called
a.
extension.
c.
torsion.
b.
inversion.
d.
conversion.
4.
Among the various species of gastropods, respiration may take place
a.
with gills.
c.
with lungs.
b.
through the skin.
d.
All of the above
5.
Segmented worms are known as
a.
nematodes.
c.
planarians.
b.
annelids.
d.
arthropods.
6.
Each segment of an annelid
a.
is capable of reproduction.
b.
has a well-developed brain.
c.
has a pseudocoelom.
d.
has a complete set of digestive organs.
7.
The evolution of tremendous diversity in the phylum Annelida is due primarily to
a.
gills.
c.
cephalization.
b.
specialized reproductive organs.
d.
segmented bodies.
8.
A similarity between annelids and arthropods is that they both have
a.
exoskeletons made of chitin.
c.
segmented body patterns.
b.
the ability to fly.
d.
well-developed lungs for respiration.
9.
Segmented worms are known as
a.
nematodes.
c.
planarians.
b.
annelids.
d.
arthropods.
      annelids_files/i0120000.jpg
10.
Refer to the illustration above. Which two organisms in the diagrams have segmented body plans?
a.
Organisms “A” and “C”
c.
Organisms “A” and “D”
b.
Organisms “B” and “D”
d.
Organisms “B” and “C”
11.
Coordinated movements of an annelid’s body segments are possible because of the
a.
development of an advanced brain.
b.
ventral nerve cord and paired segmental ganglia.
c.
presence of a true coelom in the annelid body.
d.
existence of a complete digestive system.
12.
Of the four basic types of tissue, the tissue that is specialized to transmit and receive messages in the body is
a.
epithelial tissue.
c.
muscle tissue.
b.
connective tissue.
d.
nerve tissue.
13.
earthworm movement : circular muscles and setae ::
a.
earthworm digestion : circular muscles and setae
b.
earthworm digestion : sperm receptacles
c.
earthworm reproduction : pharynx
d.
earthworm respiration : skin
14.
The digestive tube of annelids is divided into three regions. Which of the following is not among these regions?
a.
crop
c.
radula
b.
intestine
d.
stomach
15.
The advantage of a closed circulatory system over an open circulatory system is that
a.
blood moves more efficiently through the tubes of a closed circulatory system.
b.
a closed circulatory system prevents blood from leaking out of the body.
c.
blood is able to be pumped by a muscular heart in a closed circulatory system.
d.
lungs are able to function in animals with a closed circulatory system.
16.
Of the following organs, the one that does not exist in annelids is the
a.
heart.
c.
nephridia.
b.
gills.
d.
stomach.
17.
The clitellum of an earthworm
a.
contains the heart.
b.
is associated with reproduction.
c.
acts as a primitive respiratory system.
d.
is necessary for movement.
18.
Earthworms are considered to be beneficial to the environment because
a.
their castings contain nutrients.
b.
they aerate the soil as they move through it.
c.
they break up the soil in which they live.
d.
All of the above
19.
The basic body plan of an annelid
a.
consists of joined legs.
c.
is a tube within a tube.
b.
is similar to a long tube.
d.
can be compared to a corkscrew.
20.
Parapodia are involved in all of the following except
a.
swimming.
c.
burrowing.
b.
gas exchange.
d.
reproduction.

 
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