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Karyotypelab Writeup

Karyotype Lab Write Up

Introduction:
Use your PowerPoint notes over, “Types of Mutations,” and your textbook to help you write  your introduction.  THIS MUST BE IN PARAGRAPH (not question-answer) FORM!!

  • What are mutations and what causes them?
  • What is the difference between somatic cell and gamete mutations?  Can both be passed to offspring?
  • Briefly describe the 4 types of chromosome mutations.
  • What is a gene mutation?
  • How does a point mutation occur?
  • What is a frameshift mutation?
  • What are karyotypes?
  • How many chromosomes are in a normal human karyotype?
  • What are the sex chromosomes?
  • What sex chromosomes determine a male?  a female?
  • Give some examples of genetic mutations caused by nondisjunction. 

Hypothesis:

  • Write a statement  explaining that karyotypes can help detect chromosomal mutations..

Materials:

  • In sentence form, list the materials from your lab sheet that are needed for this lab.

Procedure:

  • In paragraph form, write the procedures for completing this karyotype lab.

Results:

  • Each person or group will place their karyotype in your lab notebook on the page on which you start your results.  Lab groups will turn in their notebooks together so the karyotype can be graded for each person
  • Write out and answer the questions on the lab. Remember to NUMBER and UNDERLINE the question, but do NOT underline the answer.  NOTE: HI-LITE THE ANSWER!

Conclusion:

  • Restate your hypothesis
  • Tell what type of karyotype was made, the disorder if any, sex of the individual, chromosome number of karyotype)
  • Explain how your karyotype shows the condition (normal, Down’s, Turner’s Syndrome, Klinefelter’s Syndrome, Cri-du-chat)
  • Explain how your karyotype tells the sex of the individual
  • Explain what chromosome mutation, if any, is present in your karyotype, whether it is an autosomal mutation or a mutation involving the sex chromosomes
  • Use the internet or the library to find more about a person with this type of disorder (their appearance, how they look, etc.

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Karyotypes

Sample Karyotypes

 

Cri-du-chat

 

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

 

Turner Syndrome

 

Down Syndrome Male

 

Down Syndrome Female

Normal Male

 

Normal Female

 

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Lab Reports

Writing Formal Lab Reports

All Materials © Cmassengale


All labs must be written or typed and be submitted to the teacher in a pocketed lab notebook (2”, 3-ring binder with pockets). Always use third person (no personal pronouns) when writing all parts of a lab report. A cover sheet with the lab title, your name, date, and period should be stapled to the front of the lab report. Place the lab report in the front pocket of the Notebook. When typing your report put lab headings and lab questions in bold type (underline when writing). Use Times New Roman font 12 point only and only 1″ margins. Include a floppy disk or CD with your lab report in your lab folder.

Your lab report should be written using the following format:  (Be sure to left align & bold headings)

Title
The title should indicate clearly & concisely the subject and scope of the report. 

Introduction
The introduction should give background information about the experiment. It should also state the purpose of the investigation.

Hypothesis
The hypothesis should be a single statement telling the exact thing you are trying to prove in your experiment.  Never write this statement using “first person”.

Materials
This section includes a list, written in paragraph form, of all the materials and equipment used.  Be sure to include specific amounts and concentrations of chemicals used. 

Methods
This section includes one or more paragraphs explaining the step-by-step procedures used.  The description should be so thorough that someone else could use your listed materials and procedures to conduct the same experiment & get the same results. 

Results
All data should be collected and organized in a logical order.  Results should be illustrated as charts, tables, graphs, &/or diagrams. All graphs should include a title, the independent variable on the horizontal axis, and the dependent variable on the vertical axis.  All lab questions and answers should be included also with this section. ( Bold the questions & italicize the answers)

Error Analysis
Include any important factors that you think may have actually affected your results.

Discussion and Conclusion
In this section, you should interpret the collected data and relate it to the restated hypothesis.  Explain the significance of the results. If additional research and experimentation is needed, explain in this section. 

 


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