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True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
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1. |
Lobe-finned fishes were the ancestors of amphibians.
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2. |
Small, jawed fishes are the first vertebrates for which there is fossil evidence.
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3. |
Fishes and amphibians first appeared on Earth during the Cambrian period, about 550 million years ago.
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4. |
A fish’s gills would collapse on land.
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5. |
Since they live in salt water, marine fishes do not have a problem maintaining the proper balance of water and salt in their body.
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6. |
The first fishes to develop jaws were called spiny fishes, members of the class Acanthodia.
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7. |
Sharks have good vision and can detect electromagnetic fields coming from prey animals.
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8. |
Members of the class Osteichthyes have skeletons of cartilage.
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9. |
Bony fishes have a swim bladder.
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10. |
In order to fill their swim bladders, bony fishes have to come to the surface to gulp air.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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11. |
Which of the following would not be an advantage of the endoskeleton found in all vertebrates?
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a.
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It protects internal body structures.
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b.
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It aids in movement.
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c.
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It helps prevent desiccation in terrestrial vertebrates.
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d.
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It provides structural support in terrestrial vertebrates.
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12. |
The urinary bladder and kidneys make up the ____ of a fish.
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a.
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respiratory system.
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c.
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excretory system.
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b.
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digestive system.
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d.
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circulatory system.
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13. |
The first vertebrates
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a.
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were jawless fishes.
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b.
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had thick, bony plates that covered their bodies.
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c.
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had no well-developed vertebral column.
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d.
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All of the above
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14. |
placoderms : armor ::
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a.
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bony fishes : cartilaginous skeleton
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b.
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sharks : no teeth
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c.
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lampreys : jaws
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d.
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sharks and bony fishes : streamlined bodies
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15. |
bony fishes : stronger muscles ::
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a.
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bony fishes : lungs
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c.
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sharks : ray fins
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b.
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sharks : bony skeleton
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d.
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sharks : rows of teeth
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16. |
Which of the following senses is not used by sharks to detect prey?
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a.
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olfaction
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c.
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lateral-line system
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b.
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vision
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d.
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touch
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17. |
The eggs of many species of sharks
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a.
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are released from the mother’s body before fertilization.
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b.
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are released from the mother’s body after fertilization.
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c.
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are released from the mother’s body after developing into young embryos.
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d.
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hatch inside the mother’s body, where the young sharks continue to grow.
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18. |
Members of the class Osteichthyes
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a.
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have skeletons made of bone.
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c.
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include the rays and skates.
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b.
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do not have jaws.
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d.
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All of the above
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19. |
A collection chamber that reduces the resistance of blood flow into the heart of a fish is called the
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a.
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sinus venosus.
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c.
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conus arteriosus.
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b.
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ventricle.
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d.
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atrium.
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20. |
The countercurrent flow of water and blood found in the gills of fishes
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a.
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allows blood and water to flow in the same direction.
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b.
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ensures that oxygen diffuses into the blood over the whole length of the blood vessels in the gills.
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c.
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results in an uneven supply of oxygen reaching the blood vessels in the gills.
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d.
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hampers the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the water.
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