| True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. |
| 1. | Lobe-finned fishes were the ancestors of amphibians. |
| 2. | Small, jawed fishes are the first vertebrates for which there is fossil evidence. |
| 3. | Fishes and amphibians first appeared on Earth during the Cambrian period, about 550 million years ago. |
| 4. | A fish’s gills would collapse on land. |
| 5. | Since they live in salt water, marine fishes do not have a problem maintaining the proper balance of water and salt in their body. |
| 6. | The first fishes to develop jaws were called spiny fishes, members of the class Acanthodia. |
| 7. | Sharks have good vision and can detect electromagnetic fields coming from prey animals. |
| 8. | Members of the class Osteichthyes have skeletons of cartilage. |
| 9. | Bony fishes have a swim bladder. |
| 10. | In order to fill their swim bladders, bony fishes have to come to the surface to gulp air. |
| Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. |
| 11. | Which of the following would not be an advantage of the endoskeleton found in all vertebrates? a. | It protects internal body structures. | b. | It aids in movement. | c. | It helps prevent desiccation in terrestrial vertebrates. | d. | It provides structural support in terrestrial vertebrates. | | |
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| 12. | The urinary bladder and kidneys make up the ____ of a fish. a. | respiratory system. | c. | excretory system. | b. | digestive system. | d. | circulatory system. | | | | |
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| 13. | The first vertebrates a. | were jawless fishes. | b. | had thick, bony plates that covered their bodies. | c. | had no well-developed vertebral column. | d. | All of the above | | |
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| 14. | placoderms : armor :: a. | bony fishes : cartilaginous skeleton | b. | sharks : no teeth | c. | lampreys : jaws | d. | sharks and bony fishes : streamlined bodies | | |
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| 15. | bony fishes : stronger muscles :: a. | bony fishes : lungs | c. | sharks : ray fins | b. | sharks : bony skeleton | d. | sharks : rows of teeth | | | | |
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| 16. | Which of the following senses is not used by sharks to detect prey? a. | olfaction | c. | lateral-line system | b. | vision | d. | touch | | | | |
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| 17. | The eggs of many species of sharks a. | are released from the mother’s body before fertilization. | b. | are released from the mother’s body after fertilization. | c. | are released from the mother’s body after developing into young embryos. | d. | hatch inside the mother’s body, where the young sharks continue to grow. | | |
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| 18. | Members of the class Osteichthyes a. | have skeletons made of bone. | c. | include the rays and skates. | b. | do not have jaws. | d. | All of the above | | | | |
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| 19. | A collection chamber that reduces the resistance of blood flow into the heart of a fish is called the a. | sinus venosus. | c. | conus arteriosus. | b. | ventricle. | d. | atrium. | | | | |
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| 20. | The countercurrent flow of water and blood found in the gills of fishes a. | allows blood and water to flow in the same direction. | b. | ensures that oxygen diffuses into the blood over the whole length of the blood vessels in the gills. | c. | results in an uneven supply of oxygen reaching the blood vessels in the gills. | d. | hampers the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the water. | | |
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