Nucleic Acids

Name: 

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.  If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.

It has been discovered that the genetic material is protein. _________________________

Hershey and Chase were the first two scientists to prove that genetic material is composed of proteins. _________________________

The five-carbon sugar in DNA nucleotides is called ribose. _________________________

After years of research, the structure of the DNA molecule is now known to be a double helix. _________________________

Franklin’s X-ray diffraction images suggested that the DNA molecule resembled a tightly coiled spring, a shape called a helix. _________________________

In all living things, DNA replication must occur after cell division. _________________________

Before a DNA molecule can replicate itself, it must coil up. _________________________

Helicases unwind the double helix of DNA by breaking the nitrogen bonds that link the base pairs. _________________________

Errors in nucleotide sequence that occur during replication cannot be corrected. _________________________

RNA molecules contain the five-carbon sugar ribose. _________________________

During transcription, the information on a DNA molecule is “rewritten” into an mRNA molecule. _________________________

When a tRNA anticodon binds to an mRNA codon, the amino acid detaches from the tRNA molecule and bonds to the end of a growing protein chain. _________________________

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Griffith’s transformation experiments

Griffith’s experiments showed that

Avery’s experiments showed that transformation

Avery and his research team concluded that

Using radioactive tracers to determine the interactions of bacteriophages and their host bacteria, Hershey and Chase demonstrated without question that

All of the following are true of the viruses Hershey and Chase used in their study except

The scientist who worked with Martha Chase to prove that genetic material is composed of DNA was

Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of

Which of the following is not part of a molecule of DNA?

A nucleotide consists of

The part of the molecule for which DNA is named is the

Purines and pyrimidines are

Of the four nitrogen bases in DNA, which two are purines and which two are pyrimidines?

The amount of guanine in an organism always equals the amount of

adenine : thymine ::

Watson and Crick built models that demonstrated that

The scientists credited with establishing the structure of DNA are

X-ray diffraction photographs by Wilkins and Franklin suggested that

During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made from each original DNA strand. Thus, if a portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, then the new strand will be

Which of the following is not true about DNA replication?

The attachment of nucleotides to form a complementary strand of DNA during replication

The enzymes responsible for adding nucleotides to the exposed DNA bases during replication are

The enzymes that unwind DNA during replication are called

All of the following are true about DNA replication in prokaryotic cells except

Transcription, which is a stage of gene expression, is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is transferred to a(n)

RNA differs from DNA in that RNA

RNA is chemically similar to DNA except that the sugar in RNA has an additional

In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to

Each of the following is a type of RNA except

During transcription,

During transcription, the genetic information for making a protein is “rewritten” as a molecule of

Transcription begins when RNA polymerase

mRNA: CUCAAGUGCUUC

Refer to the illustration above. What is the portion of the protein molecule coded for by a piece of mRNA with the sequence CUCAAGUGCUUC?

Refer to the illustration above. The anticodons for the codons in the mRNA with the sequence CUCAAGUGCUUC are

Refer to the illustration above. Which of the following would represent the strand of DNA from which the mRNA strand CUCAAGUGCUUC was made?

Refer to the illustration above. Suppose that you are given a protein containing the following sequence of amino acids: tyrosine, proline, aspartic acid, isoleucine, and cysteine. Use the portion of the genetic code given to determine which of the following contains a DNA sequence that codes for this amino acid sequence.

The function of rRNA is to

At the very beginning of translation, the first tRNA molecule

Transfer RNA

Which of the following does not affect the final outcome of gene expression?

Completion
Complete each statement.

Griffith’s experiment showed that live bacteria without capsules acquired the ability to make capsules from dead bacteria with capsules in a process Griffith called ____________________.

Avery’s prevention of transformation using DNA-destroying enzymes provided evidence that ____________________ molecules function as the hereditary material.

A DNA subunit composed of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base is called a(n) ____________________.

The name of the five-carbon sugar that makes up a part of the backbone of molecules of DNA is ____________________.

Due to the strict pairing of nitrogen bases in DNA molecules, the two strands are said to be ____________________ to each other.

Watson and Crick determined that DNA molecules have the shape of a(n) ____________________ ____________________.

Chargaff’s observations established the ____________________ rules, which describe the specific pairing between bases on DNA strands.

Watson and Crick used the X-ray diffraction photographs of ____________________ and ____________________ to build their model of DNA.

The process by which DNA copies itself is called ____________________.

Enzymes called ____________________ are responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds that hold the complementary strands together.

Errors in nucleotide sequencing are corrected by enzymes called ____________________.

Transcription and translation are stages in the process of ____________________.

The second stage of gene expression is called ____________________.

The nitrogen-containing base that is found only in RNA is ____________________.

The enzyme responsible for making mRNA is called ____________________.

Messenger RNA is produced during the process of ____________________.

The sequence of three nucleotides that code for specific amino acids or stop signals in the synthesis of protein is called a(n) ____________________.

During translation, amino acids are brought to the ribosomes by molecules of ____________________.

Nucleotide sequences of tRNA that are complementary to codons on mRNA are called ____________________.

The information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA is used to make protein during the process of ____________________.