Protein Synthesis Quiz

True/False

Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true ' + 'or false.

'; instructionText[1] = '

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best ' + 'completes the statement or answers the question.

'; instructionIndex[0] = 0; instructionIndex[1] = 8; numberText[0] = '1.'; questionText[0] = '

When a tRNA ' + 'anticodon binds to an mRNA codon, the amino acid detaches from the tRNA molecule and attaches to the ' + 'end of a growing protein chain.

'; answerText[0] = '

'; numberText[1] = '2.'; questionText[1] = '

Only ribosomal ' + 'RNA plays a role in translation.

'; answerText[1] = '

'; numberText[2] = '3.'; questionText[2] = '

During DNA ' + 'replication, the molecule unzips and the exposed DNA nucleotides pair with ' + 'other

specific nucleotides present in the nucleus

'; answerText[2] = '

'; numberText[3] = '4.'; questionText[3] = '

Humans pass ' + 'exact copies of their DNA to their offspring.

'; answerText[3] = '

'; numberText[4] = '5.'; questionText[4] = '

Watson and ' + 'Crick proposed a model of DNA

'; answerText[4] = '

'; numberText[5] = '6.'; questionText[5] = '

Amino acids ' + 'are linked together by hydrogen bonds.

'; answerText[5] = '

'; numberText[6] = '7.'; questionText[6] = '

During transcription, ' + 'the information on a DNA molecule is "rewritten" into an mRNA molecule.

'; answerText[6] = '

'; numberText[7] = '8.'; questionText[7] = '

All codons ' + 'encode amino acids.

'; answerText[7] = '

'; numberText[8] = '9.'; questionText[8] = '

Purines and ' + 'pyrimidines are

bases found in amino acids.

able to replace phosphate groups from defective ' + 'DNA.

names of specific ' + 'types of DNA molecules.

bases found in nucleotides.

'; answerText[8] = '

'; numberText[9] = '10.'; questionText[9] = '

Chargaff’s rules, or the base-pairing rules, state that in DNA

the amount of adenine equals the amount of ' + 'thymine.

the amount of ' + 'guanine equals the amount of cytosine.

the amount of guanine equals the amount of ' + 'thymine.

Both a and ' + 'b

'; answerText[9] = '

'; numberText[10] = '11.'; questionText[10] = '

ATTG : TAAC ' + '::

AAAT : TTTG

GTCC : CAGG

TCGG : AGAT

CGAA : TGCG

'; answerText[10] = '

'; numberText[11] = '12.'; questionText[11] = '

Which of the ' + 'following types of RNA carries instructions for making proteins?

mRNA

tRNA

rRNA

All of the above

'; answerText[11] = '

'; numberText[12] = '13.'; questionText[12] = '

Which of the ' + 'following is not found in DNA?

adenine

uracil

cytosine

None of the ' + 'above

'; answerText[12] = '

'; numberText[13] = '14.'; questionText[13] = '

Suppose that ' + 'you are given a polypeptide sequence containing the following sequence of amino acids: tyrosine, ' + 'proline, aspartic acid, isoleucine, and cysteine. Use the portion of the genetic code given in the ' + 'table below to determine the DNA sequence that codes for this polypeptide ' + 'sequence.

mRNA

Amino acid

UAU, UAC

tyrosine

CCU, CCC, CCA, ' + 'CCG

proline

GAU, GAC

aspartic acis

AUU, AUC, AUA

isoleucine

UGU, UGC

cysteine

AUGGGUCUAUAUACG

GCAAACTCGCGCGTA

ATGGGTCTATATACG

ATAGGGCTTTAAACA

'; answerText[13] = '

'; numberText[14] = '15.'; questionText[14] = '

In order for ' + 'protein synthesis to occur, mRNA must migrate to the

ribosomes.

RNA polymerase.

lac operon.

heterochromatin.

'; answerText[14] = '

'; numberText[15] = '16.'; questionText[15] = '

After the primary ' + 'structure of a protein has been completed

the codons and anticodons unite.

an enzyme attaches adjacent amino acids to each other to form a ' + 'chain.

the protein folds ' + 'into the secondary and tertiary structures.

the tRNA molecules remain attached until the protein is secreted from ' + 'the cell.

'; answerText[15] = '

'; numberText[16] = '17.'; questionText[16] = '

Which of the ' + 'following is not part of a molecule of DNA?

deoxyribose

phosphate

nitrogenous base

ribose

'; answerText[16] = '

'; numberText[17] = '18.'; questionText[17] = '

During replication ' + 'in a molecule of DNA, one separation likely to occur is between

cytosine and guanine

ribose and adenine

phosphate and deoxyribose

uracil and thymine

'; answerText[17] = '

'; numberText[18] = '19.'; questionText[18] = '

A gene may ' + 'be described as

a sequence of amino acids.

special proteins found in chromosomes.

a sequence of nucleotides that controls the production of a certain ' + 'protein.

a sequence of ' + 'nucleotides coding for the production of starches and sugars.

'; answerText[18] = '

'; numberText[19] = '20.'; questionText[19] = '

The synthesis ' + 'of a new double strand of DNA begins when the two strand of the original DNA helix

'unzip'.

attract nitrogenous bases.

act as a template.

destroy a genetic code.

'; answerText[19] = '

'; numberText[20] = '21.'; questionText[20] = '

Genes(DNA) affect cell structure and function by directing the synthesis ' + 'of

nucleic acids

nucleotides

hereditary traits

proteins

'; answerText[20] = '

'; numberText[21] = '22.'; questionText[21] = '

Protein molecules ' + 'are made up of

fats

lipids

nucleotides

amino acids

'; answerText[21] = '

'; numberText[22] = '23.'; questionText[22] = '

During, DNA ' + 'replication, DNA

converts to RNA

joins mRNA

joins tRNA

strands separate

'; answerText[22] = '

'; numberText[23] = '24.'; questionText[23] = '

Which is not ' + 'true about proteins?

They control biochemical pathways within the ' + 'cell.

They direct the ' + 'synthesis of lipids.

They are composed of sugars.

They take responsibility for cell movement.

'; answerText[23] = '

'; numberText[24] = '25.'; questionText[24] = '

Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of

amino acids.

monosaccharides.

fatty acids.

nucleotides.

'; answerText[24] = '

'; numberText[25] = '26.'; questionText[25] = '

Watson and ' + 'Crick were the first scientists to state that DNA

contains phosphate groups

has four nitrogen bases

undergoes transcription

has a double helix shape

'; answerText[25] = '

'; numberText[26] = '27.'; questionText[26] = '

The two chains ' + 'of a DNA molecule are connected by

nitrogen bonds

bases

relatively weak chemical bonds

nucleotides

'; answerText[26] = '

'; numberText[27] = '28.'; questionText[27] = '

All nucleotide ' + 'molecules contain the same kind of

ribose sugar

pyrimidine

purine

phosphate group

'; answerText[27] = '

'; numberText[28] = '29.'; questionText[28] = '

After DNA replication, ' + 'the two DNA molecules that are made

are complementary.

must replicate again.

are identical.

cannot replicate again.

'; answerText[28] = '

'; numberText[29] = '30.'; questionText[29] = '

Sixty-four codons for 20 amino acids requires that

some amino acids lack codons

some amino acids have more than one codon

all amino acids have two codons

none of the above

'; answerText[29] = '

'; numberText[30] = '31.'; questionText[30] = '

Which of the ' + 'following combines with amino acids

DNA

tRNA

mRNA

B and C

'; answerText[30] = '

'; numberText[31] = '32.'; questionText[31] = '

rRNA has a ' + 'function in

synthesizing DNA.

forming ribosomes.

synthesizing mRNA.

transferring amino acids to ribosomes.

'; answerText[31] = '

'; numberText[32] = '33.'; questionText[32] = '

The DNA code ' + 'consists of sequences of nucleotides arranged in groups of

variable number

threes

twos

fours

'; answerText[32] = '

'; numberText[33] = '34.'; questionText[33] = '

Unlike mRNA, ' + 'the DNA molecule is

double-stranded

like a ladder

single-stranded

both A and C

'; answerText[33] = '

'; numberText[34] = '35.'; questionText[34] = '

The number ' + 'of bases in a row in a gene that codes a protein composed of 200 amino acids is

200

600

400

800

'; answerText[34] = '

'; numberText[35] = '36.'; questionText[35] = '

A DNA molecule ' + 'unzips during

replication

translation

transcription

both A and ' + 'B

'; answerText[35] = '

'; numberText[36] = '37.'; questionText[36] = '

A DNA chain ' + 'has the following sequence of bases, TAG. The corresponding messenger ' + 'RNA

chain should have the sequence

ATC

ATG

UTC

AUC

'; answerText[36] = '

'; numberText[37] = '38.'; questionText[37] = '

Unlike DNA, ' + 'RNA

contains deoxyribose.

contains thymine.

is double stranded.

contains uracil.

'; answerText[37] = '

'; numberText[38] = '39.'; questionText[38] = '

Which molecule ' + 'contains deoxyribose

DNA

tRNA

mRNA

both B and C

'; answerText[38] = '

'; numberText[39] = '40.'; questionText[39] = '

Each combination ' + 'of three nitrogenous bases on messenger RNA forms a (an)

anticodon.

enzyme.

codon.

nuclei acid.

'; answerText[39] = '

'; numberText[40] = '41.'; questionText[40] = '

In RNA, uracil ' + 'is complementary to:

guanine

thymine

adenine

cytosine

'; answerText[40] = '

'; numberText[41] = '42.'; questionText[41] = '

Once a molecule ' + 'of transfer RNA has released its amino acid, the tRNA

becomes attached to messenger RNA.

becomes attached to ribosomal RNA.

is destroyed as an individual molecule.

moves away to pick up another amino acid.

'; answerText[41] = '

'; numberText[42] = '43.'; questionText[42] = '

If the sequence ' + 'of bases in a segment of a DNA strand were cytosine, guanine, adenine, ' + 'thymine,

adenine, then the sequence in a complimentary strand of newly-made mRNA ' + 'would be

cytosine, uracil, adenine, guanine, ' + 'uracil

uracil, adenine, cytosine, uracil, ' + 'guanine

guanine, cytosine, ' + 'uracil, adenine, uracil

cytosine, guanine, uracil, uracil, ' + 'adenine

'; answerText[42] = '

'; numberText[43] = '44.'; questionText[43] = '

Which sugar ' + 'is present in RNA

glucose

ribose

sucrose

deoxyribose

'; answerText[43] = '

'; numberText[44] = '45.'; questionText[44] = '

RNA differs ' + 'from DNA, in that RNA

is single-stranded.

contains the nitrogen base uracil.

contains a different sugar molecule.

All of the above are correct.

'; answerText[44] = '

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NOTES:

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Name:

DNA & Protein Synthesis

True/False

Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.

When a tRNA anticodon binds to an mRNA codon, the amino acid detaches from the tRNA molecule and attaches to the end of a growing protein chain.

Only ribosomal RNA plays a role in translation.

During DNA replication, the molecule unzips and the exposed DNA nucleotides pair with other

specific nucleotides present in the nucleus

Humans pass exact copies of their DNA to their offspring.

Watson and Crick proposed a model of DNA

Amino acids are linked together by hydrogen bonds.

During transcription, the information on a DNA molecule is “rewritten” into an mRNA molecule.

All codons encode amino acids.

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Purines and pyrimidines are

a.	bases found in amino acids.
b.	able to replace phosphate groups from defective DNA.
c.	names of specific types of DNA molecules.
d.	bases found in nucleotides.

10.

Chargaff’s rules, or the base-pairing rules, state that in DNA

a.	the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine.
b.	the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine.
c.	the amount of guanine equals the amount of thymine.
d.	Both a and b

11.

ATTG : TAAC ::

a.	AAAT : TTTG	c.	GTCC : CAGG
b.	TCGG : AGAT	d.	CGAA : TGCG

12.

Which of the following types of RNA carries instructions for making proteins?

a.	mRNA	c.	tRNA
b.	rRNA	d.	All of the above

13.

Which of the following is not found in DNA?

a.	adenine	c.	uracil
b.	cytosine	d.	None of the above

14.

Suppose that you are given a polypeptide sequence containing the following sequence of amino acids: tyrosine, proline, aspartic acid, isoleucine, and cysteine. Use the portion of the genetic code given in the table below to determine the DNA sequence that codes for this polypeptide sequence.

mRNA	Amino acid
UAU, UAC	tyrosine
CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG	proline
GAU, GAC	aspartic acis
AUU, AUC, AUA	isoleucine
UGU, UGC	cysteine

a.	AUGGGUCUAUAUACG	c.	GCAAACTCGCGCGTA
b.	ATGGGTCTATATACG	d.	ATAGGGCTTTAAACA

15.

In order for protein synthesis to occur, mRNA must migrate to the

a.	ribosomes.	c.	RNA polymerase.
b.	lac operon.	d.	heterochromatin.

16.

After the primary structure of a protein has been completed

a.	the codons and anticodons unite.
b.	an enzyme attaches adjacent amino acids to each other to form a chain.
c.	the protein folds into the secondary and tertiary structures.
d.	the tRNA molecules remain attached until the protein is secreted from the cell.

17.

Which of the following is not part of a molecule of DNA?

a.	deoxyribose	c.	phosphate
b.	nitrogenous base	d.	ribose

18.

During replication in a molecule of DNA, one separation likely to occur is between

a.	cytosine and guanine	c.	ribose and adenine
b.	phosphate and deoxyribose	d.	uracil and thymine

19.

A gene may be described as

a.	a sequence of amino acids.
b.	special proteins found in chromosomes.
c.	a sequence of nucleotides that controls the production of a certain protein.
d.	a sequence of nucleotides coding for the production of starches and sugars.

20.

The synthesis of a new double strand of DNA begins when the two strand of the original DNA helix

a.	‘unzip’.	c.	attract nitrogenous bases.
b.	act as a template.	d.	destroy a genetic code.

21.

Genes(DNA) affect cell structure and function by directing the synthesis of

a.	nucleic acids	c.	nucleotides
b.	hereditary traits	d.	proteins

22.

Protein molecules are made up of

a.	fats	c.	lipids
b.	nucleotides	d.	amino acids

23.

During, DNA replication, DNA

a.	converts to RNA	c.	joins mRNA
b.	joins tRNA	d.	strands separate

24.

Which is not true about proteins?

a.	They control biochemical pathways within the cell.
b.	They direct the synthesis of lipids.
c.	They are composed of sugars.
d.	They take responsibility for cell movement.

25.

Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of

a.	amino acids.	c.	monosaccharides.
b.	fatty acids.	d.	nucleotides.

26.

Watson and Crick were the first scientists to state that DNA

a.	contains phosphate groups	c.	has four nitrogen bases
b.	undergoes transcription	d.	has a double helix shape

27.

The two chains of a DNA molecule are connected by

a.	nitrogen bonds	c.	bases
b.	relatively weak chemical bonds	d.	nucleotides

28.

All nucleotide molecules contain the same kind of

a.	ribose sugar	c.	pyrimidine
b.	purine	d.	phosphate group

29.

After DNA replication, the two DNA molecules that are made

a.	are complementary.	c.	must replicate again.
b.	are identical.	d.	cannot replicate again.

30.

Sixty-four codons for 20 amino acids requires that

a.	some amino acids lack codons
b.	some amino acids have more than one codon
c.	all amino acids have two codons
d.	none of the above

31.

Which of the following combines with amino acids

a.	DNA	c.	tRNA
b.	mRNA	d.	B and C

32.

rRNA has a function in

a.	synthesizing DNA.	c.	forming ribosomes.
b.	synthesizing mRNA.	d.	transferring amino acids to ribosomes.

33.

The DNA code consists of sequences of nucleotides arranged in groups of

a.	variable number	c.	threes
b.	twos	d.	fours

34.

Unlike mRNA, the DNA molecule is

a.	double-stranded	c.	like a ladder
b.	single-stranded	d.	both A and C

35.

The number of bases in a row in a gene that codes a protein composed of 200 amino acids is

a.	200	c.	600
b.	400	d.	800

36.

A DNA molecule unzips during

a.	replication	c.	translation
b.	transcription	d.	both A and B

37.

A DNA chain has the following sequence of bases, TAG. The corresponding messenger RNA

chain should have the sequence

a.	ATC	c.	ATG
b.	UTC	d.	AUC

38.

Unlike DNA, RNA

a.	contains deoxyribose.	c.	contains thymine.
b.	is double stranded.	d.	contains uracil.

39.

Which molecule contains deoxyribose

a.	DNA	c.	tRNA
b.	mRNA	d.	both B and C

40.

Each combination of three nitrogenous bases on messenger RNA forms a (an)

a.	anticodon.	c.	enzyme.
b.	codon.	d.	nuclei acid.

41.

In RNA, uracil is complementary to:

a.	guanine	c.	thymine
b.	adenine	d.	cytosine

42.

Once a molecule of transfer RNA has released its amino acid, the tRNA

a.	becomes attached to messenger RNA.
b.	becomes attached to ribosomal RNA.
c.	is destroyed as an individual molecule.
d.	moves away to pick up another amino acid.

43.

If the sequence of bases in a segment of a DNA strand were cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine, adenine, then the sequence in a complimentary strand of newly-made mRNA would be

a.	cytosine, uracil, adenine, guanine, uracil	c.	uracil, adenine, cytosine, uracil, guanine
b.	guanine, cytosine, uracil, adenine, uracil	d.	cytosine, guanine, uracil, uracil, adenine

44.

Which sugar is present in RNA

a.	glucose	c.	ribose
b.	sucrose	d.	deoxyribose

45.

RNA differs from DNA, in that RNA

a.	is single-stranded.	c.	contains the nitrogen base uracil.
b.	contains a different sugar molecule.	d.	All of the above are correct.