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True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
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1. |
Although viruses do not consist of cells, biologists consider them to be living because they are capable of reproduction.
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2. |
Some viruses have a membranous envelope surrounding the protein coat that helps them gain entry into host cells.
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3. |
Viruses consist of RNA or DNA surrounded by a coat of protein.
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4. |
Prions are the smallest known particles that are able to replicate.
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5. |
A virus can only reproduce by controlling a cell.
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6. |
Once a virus enters either a lytic or a lysogenic cycle, it cannot change to the opposite type of cycle.
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7. |
Prophages and proviruses can both enter lytic cycles and destroy host cells.
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8. |
People can contract the influenza virus more than once because the virus tends to mutate rapidly, avoiding the actions of the immune system.
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9. |
Smallpox is caused by bacteria.
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10. |
Chickenpox and shingles are caused by the same virus.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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11. |
The study of viruses is a part of biology because
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a.
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they belong to the kingdom Eubacteria.
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b.
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they are about to become extinct.
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c.
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they are living organisms.
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d.
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they are active inside living cells.
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12. |
The capsid of a virus is the
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a.
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protective outer coat.
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c.
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nucleus.
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b.
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cell membrane.
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d.
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cell wall and membrane complex.
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13. |
A membranous envelope surrounding some viruses may be composed of
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a.
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lipids.
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c.
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glycoproteins.
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b.
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proteins.
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d.
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All of the above
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14. |
viruses : nucleic acids::
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a.
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water : ice
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c.
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simplicity : complexity
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b.
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brick : wood
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d.
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a jigsaw puzzle : individual pieces
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15. |
A typical virus consists of
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a.
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a protein coat and a cytoplasm core.
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b.
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a carbohydrate coat and a nucleic acid core.
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c.
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a protein coat and a nucleic acid core.
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d.
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a polysaccharide coat and a nucleic acid core.
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16. |
Refer to the illustration above. Which labeled structure could possibly be made of RNA?
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a.
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Structure “B”
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c.
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Structure “D”
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b.
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Structure “C”
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d.
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Structure “E”
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17. |
In which type of cell cycle(s) does viral DNA become integrated into the host cell’s DNA?
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a.
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lytic
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c.
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neither lytic nor lysogenic
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b.
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lysogenic
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d.
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lytic and lysogenic
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18. |
A prophage differs from a provirus in that
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a.
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a prophage contains DNA, while a provirus contains RNA.
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b.
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a prophage is formed during a lysogenic cycle, while a provirus is formed during a lytic cycle.
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c.
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a prophage contains DNA found in the infecting virus particle, while a provirus contains DNA produced from viral RNA.
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d.
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a prophage becomes integrated into a host cell’s DNA, while a provirus cannot become integrated into a host cell’s DNA.
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19. |
Which of the following is not a virus linked to cancer?
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a.
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Ebola
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c.
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hepatitis B
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b.
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human papillomavirus
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d.
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Epstein-Barr
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20. |
Which of the following human activities is most closely associated with emerging viruses?
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a.
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absence of a vaccination program
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c.
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clearcutting of forests
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b.
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crowded living conditions
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d.
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eating uncooked meat
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