| True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. |
| 1. | Although viruses do not consist of cells, biologists consider them to be living because they are capable of reproduction. |
| 2. | Some viruses have a membranous envelope surrounding the protein coat that helps them gain entry into host cells. |
| 3. | Viruses consist of RNA or DNA surrounded by a coat of protein. |
| 4. | Prions are the smallest known particles that are able to replicate. |
| 5. | A virus can only reproduce by controlling a cell. |
| 6. | Once a virus enters either a lytic or a lysogenic cycle, it cannot change to the opposite type of cycle. |
| 7. | Prophages and proviruses can both enter lytic cycles and destroy host cells. |
| 8. | People can contract the influenza virus more than once because the virus tends to mutate rapidly, avoiding the actions of the immune system. |
| 9. | Smallpox is caused by bacteria. |
| 10. | Chickenpox and shingles are caused by the same virus. |
| Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. |
| 11. | The study of viruses is a part of biology because a. | they belong to the kingdom Eubacteria. | b. | they are about to become extinct. | c. | they are living organisms. | d. | they are active inside living cells. | | |
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| 12. | The capsid of a virus is the a. | protective outer coat. | c. | nucleus. | b. | cell membrane. | d. | cell wall and membrane complex. | | | | |
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| 13. | A membranous envelope surrounding some viruses may be composed of a. | lipids. | c. | glycoproteins. | b. | proteins. | d. | All of the above | | | | |
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| 14. | viruses : nucleic acids:: a. | water : ice | c. | simplicity : complexity | b. | brick : wood | d. | a jigsaw puzzle : individual pieces | | | | |
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| 15. | A typical virus consists of a. | a protein coat and a cytoplasm core. | b. | a carbohydrate coat and a nucleic acid core. | c. | a protein coat and a nucleic acid core. | d. | a polysaccharide coat and a nucleic acid core. | | |
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| 16. | Refer to the illustration above. Which labeled structure could possibly be made of RNA? a. | Structure “B” | c. | Structure “D” | b. | Structure “C” | d. | Structure “E” | | | | |
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| 17. | In which type of cell cycle(s) does viral DNA become integrated into the host cell’s DNA? a. | lytic | c. | neither lytic nor lysogenic | b. | lysogenic | d. | lytic and lysogenic | | | | |
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| 18. | A prophage differs from a provirus in that a. | a prophage contains DNA, while a provirus contains RNA. | b. | a prophage is formed during a lysogenic cycle, while a provirus is formed during a lytic cycle. | c. | a prophage contains DNA found in the infecting virus particle, while a provirus contains DNA produced from viral RNA. | d. | a prophage becomes integrated into a host cell’s DNA, while a provirus cannot become integrated into a host cell’s DNA. | | |
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| 19. | Which of the following is not a virus linked to cancer? a. | Ebola | c. | hepatitis B | b. | human papillomavirus | d. | Epstein-Barr | | | | |
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| 20. | Which of the following human activities is most closely associated with emerging viruses? a. | absence of a vaccination program | c. | clearcutting of forests | b. | crowded living conditions | d. | eating uncooked meat | | | | |
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