Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. |
| 1. | 
Refer to the illustration above. Which organism is most closely related to a jellyfish? |
| 2. | Which of the following distinguishes sponges from other invertebrates? a. | They are not motile in any stage of their life cycle. | b. | They obtain nutrients by diffusion rather than by ingestion. | c. | Their cells are not organized into tissues. | d. | They reproduce only asexually. |
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| 3. | Sponges a. | are nonsymmetrical. | b. | lack organization into tissues and organs. | c. | possess cells that are capable of recognizing other sponge cells. | d. | All of the above |
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| 4. | Collar cells a. | are specialized for reproduction. | b. | draw water into the body of a sponge. | c. | produce cytochrome oxidase. | d. | are parasitic protozoa. |
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| 5. | Spicules are a. | flexible protein fibers. | b. | hard spike-like structures in the wall of a sponge. | c. | similar to seeds; a complete sponge can grow from each spicule. | d. | used for taking in food and water. |
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| 6. | Adult sponges a. | have body walls with many pores. | b. | possess true tissues. | c. | are active swimmers. | d. | use stinging cells to capture prey. |
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| 7. | Skeletal support in sponges may be provided by a. | spicules of calcium carbonate. | b. | spicules of silicon dioxide. | c. | fibers called spongin. | d. | All of the above |
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| 8. | Sponges obtain food a. | through photosynthesis. | b. | by using their spicules to paralyze protozoa. | c. | by filtering small organisms from the water. | d. | with their spongin. |
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| 9. | In sponges, currents that draw water through the organism are created by a. | amoebocytes. | c. | gemmules. | b. | collar cells. | d. | spicules. |
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| 10. | The cells that move throughout the sponge’s body wall to deliver food to the organism’s cells are called a. | amoebocytes. | c. | gemmules. | b. | choanocytes. | d. | spicules. |
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| 11. | Water leaves the interior of a sponge through the a. | food vacuoles. | c. | body wall. | b. | spicules. | d. | osculum. |
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| 12. | collar cell : water :: a. | amoebocyte : nutrients and wastes | b. | spongin : food | c. | spicule : water | d. | osculum : mesenchyme |
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| 13. | The gemmules of sponges a. | create water currents for feeding. | b. | are equivalent to the sperm cells of higher animals. | c. | are equivalent to the egg cells of higher animals. | d. | are necessary for one form of asexual reproduction. |
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| 14. | Hermaphroditic organisms a. | reproduce only by asexual means. | b. | produce both eggs and sperm. | c. | have gemmules that are fertilized by amoebocytes. | d. | possess only male amoebocytes. |
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| 15. | Hermaphrodism is advantageous in sponges because a. | they reproduce asexually. | b. | they have gemmules. | c. | they are sessile. | d. | None of the above is true; hermaphrodism does not occur in sponges. |
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| 16. | Sponges can reproduce a. | by the budding of new sponges from the parent. | b. | by a breakup of the original parent into fragments that each become a new sponge. | c. | sexually, using sperm and eggs. | d. | All of the above |
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| 17. | some freshwater sponges : gemmules :: a. | hermaphrodites : eggs and sperm | b. | gemmules : eggs | c. | gemmules : sperms | d. | amoebocytes : eggs |
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| 18. | 
Refer to the illustration above. Which organism captures its prey using nematocysts? |
| 19. | Many cnidarians have two distinct life stages, a. | the gametophyte and the sporophyte. | b. | the polyp and the medusa. | c. | the egg and the adult. | d. | the egg and the larva. |
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| 20. | Nematocysts a. | contain harpoonlike structures called cnidocytes. | b. | create water currents in sponges. | c. | can spear a cnidarian’s prey. | d. | are found in most predatory ctenophores. |
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| 21. | The cnidarian’s inner layer of tissue is specialized for a. | digestion. | c. | capturing prey. | b. | reproduction. | d. | All of the above |
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| 22. | The outer cell layer of a cnidarian is the a. | ectoderm. | c. | endoderm. | b. | mesoglea. | d. | epidermis. |
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| 23. | Which of the following is a characteristic associated only with cnidarians? a. | a digestive tract with a single opening | b. | cnidocytes specialized for defense and capturing prey | c. | choanocytes containing nematocysts | d. | a parasitic life cycle |
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| 24. | sponges : fewer than three body layers :: a. | ctenophores : no body symmetry | b. | sponges : bilateral symmetry | c. | cnidarians : nerve net | d. | cnidarians : choanocytes |
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| 25. | The phylum Cnidaria includes all of the following except a. | jellyfish. | c. | sea anemones. | b. | squids. | d. | corals. |
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| 26. | Planula larvae of scyphozoans a. | result from fertilization of eggs by sperm. | b. | swim freely through the water. | c. | settle to the ocean bottom and grow into polyps. | d. | All of the above |
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| 27. | The hydra is unique among the hydrozoans because it a. | is an active swimmer. | b. | lives in colonies. | c. | is strictly a marine species. | d. | has no medusa stage. |
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| 28. | Which of the following is not sessile as an adult? a. | sponge | b. | coral | c. | sea anemone | d. | Portuguese man-of-war |
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| 29. | Sea anemones are a. | medusae. | c. | larvae. | b. | polyps. | d. | eggs. |
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| | The diagram below illustrates the life cycle of the jellyfish. 
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| 30. | Refer to the illustration above. Which stage is called a planula? a. | 1 | c. | 3 | b. | 2 | d. | None of the above |
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| 31. | Refer to the illustration above. Which stage reproduces asexually? a. | 1 | c. | 3 | b. | 2 | d. | None of the above |
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| 32. | Anthozoans include a. | jellyfish. | b. | hydras. | c. | the Portuguese man-of-war. | d. | sea anemones and corals. |
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| 33. | Scyphozoans, such as jellyfish, spend most of their lives as a. | polyps. | c. | corals. | b. | medusae. | d. | parasites. |
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| 34. | The class of cnidarians that typically live only as polyps is the a. | Anthozoa. | c. | Scyphozoa. | b. | Hydrozoa. | d. | None of the above |
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| 35. | Which of the following is not a characteristic of ctenophores? a. | bioluminescence | b. | movement by means of beating cilia | c. | use of cnidocytes to capture prey | d. | hermaphrodism |
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Completion Complete each statement. |
| 36. | ____________________ is drawn into a sponge through pores and leaves through the osculum. |
| 37. | A network of tough, flexible protein fibers called ____________________ provides support in some sponges. |
| 38. | Spike-like objects that make up the skeleton of some sponges are called ____________________. |
| 39. | A sponge’s ____________________ may be composed of either calcium carbonate or silicon dioxide. |
| 40. | Food molecules are carried throughout a sponge’s body by ____________________. |
| 41. | Food-filled balls of amoebocytes that are involved in asexual reproduction in sponges are called ____________________. |
| 42. | An organism that produces both eggs and sperm is called a(n) ____________________. |
| 43. | A free-floating, gelatinous body form of a cnidarian is called a(n) ____________________, while an attached body form is called a(n) ____________________. |
| 44. | Cnidarians have two cell layers, the epidermis and the ____________________. |
| 45. | A coral is a member of the class ____________________. |
| 46. | Ctenophores are the largest organisms that move by the beating of ____________________. |