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Cell Study Guide Ch4 BI

Cell Study Guide

What type of cells did Hooke view when he discovered cells?
What are the smallest units of life called?
Which increases faster, the surface area or the volume of a cell?
What limits how large a cell can grow?
What do you call organisms that do not have a nucleus?
Give an example of a prokaryote.
Name several eukaryotic cells.
What type of cells have membrane-bound organelles?
Prokaryotes have a cell membrane and a ___________ around the outside.
What are cell membranes?
Give 2-3 functions of the cell membrane.
The cell membrane is selectively permeable. What does this mean?
If a cell is very active and needs more energy, what type of organelle will it need more of?
What organelle makes a cell’s ATP?
Proteins are made by what organelle?
What organelle is the packaging & export center of the cell?
What double membrane surrounds the nucleus?
Name the 3 main parts to all eukaryotic cells.
What canals connect the nuclear membrane with the cell membrane for the movement of materials?
In what organelle are chromosomes found?
Name 2 structures found in plant cells but not in animal cells.
Where does photosynthesis occur in a cell?
 In what organelles is the green pigment chlorophyll found?
  What is the purpose of large vacuoles in plant cells?
List the levels of organization in order from simplest to most complex starting with the cell.    

Cellular Respiration Study Guide BI

 

 

Cellular Respiration Study Guide
What type of organisms carry on photosynthesis?
What type of organisms carry on cellular respiration?
To get the most ATP from glucose, what type of respiration must follow glycolysis?
Does fermentation take place with oxygen?
Does oxidative respiration need oxygen?
Is glycolysis an efficient pathway for getting ATP (energy) from glucose? Explain.
Is oxidative respiration or aerobic respiration an efficient pathway fro getting ATP from glucose? Explain.
Is lactic acid fermentation aerobic or anaerobic?
When cells break down food, energy is temporarily stored in what molecule?
What energy molecule is essential for a cell to do any of its work?
What is the process called when organic compounds are broken down in the absence of oxygen?
What is the name of the process that breaks down food molecules in cells to release energy?
What gas is made during photosynthesis that is later used in cellular respiration?
What is the name of the process that splits glucose into pyruvate & releases some ATP?
What builds up in muscles when they are overworked and there is not enough oxygen present?
If lactic acid forms when glucose is broken down, this shows that there was not enough of what gas present?
What are the 2 main stages of cellular respiration called?
Citric acid forms during which part of cellular respiration?
Does glycolysis need oxygen?
What 2 energy carriers are formed during the Krebs cycle?
Is the Calvin cycle part of cellular respiration? Explain.
Is the energy carrier NADPH formed in cellular respiration? Explain.
Carbon dioxide, water, & ATP are formed during the _______ cycle and the ___________ chain.
Which produces more ATP — Krebs cycle & electron transport chain or glycolysis?
Water is formed at the end of _______________________.

 

Cell Division Study Guide BI

Cell Division Study Guide

What molecule contains the information needed to direct all the activities of a cell?
Where in a cell are prokaryotic chromosomes found? eukaryotic chromosomes?
A human somatic cell contains how many homologous chromosomes?
How many chromosomes are in an human egg cell? sperm cell?
What is a karyotype?
Are gametes diploid or haploid?
Zygotes will have what chromosome number?
Does cell division in bacteria take place in the same way as it does in eukaryotes? Explain.
In what stage do cells spend most of their life cycle?
Is mitosis asexual or sexual reproduction?
A new nuclear envelope develops during cell division in what stage?
In what stage do chromatids separate from each other?
How does the number of chromosomes in newly divided cells compare with the number of chromosomes in the original cell?
During what type of cell division do haploid cells develop from diploid cells?
In order for DNA to fit into a cell, what must be done to compact it?
What is a centromere?
How many chromosomes are in a human skin cell? a human ovum?
Bacteria reproduce by a method known as _____________  ______________.
What is the shape of a bacterial chromosome?
Chromosomes are arranged along the equator of a cell during which stage of cell division?
Spindle fibers are made of ________________.
Be able to recognize sketches of the stages of mitosis.
What happens during cytokinesis in a plant cell?
Homologs separate during ________________.

Birds & Mammals Study Guide BI

Birds & Mammals Study Guide

What replaces teeth in modern birds?
How many chambers are there in a bird’s heart? a mammal’s heart?
Name 2 vertebrate groups that lay amniote eggs?
Did all fossilized birds have beaks? Explain.
Do most terrestrial vertebrates use internal or external fertilization?
Which mammal group carries its young in a pouch?
What mammal order lives entirely in water?
What characteristic of retile, bird, & mammal skin allows them to live on land?
Give several uses for hair or fur in mammals.
Name 2 main characteristics of all mammals.
What determines the type of teeth a mammal will have?
What group of mammals are egg layers?
What is the purpose of the placenta?
List several ways that birds are different from reptiles.
What were the earliest flying vertebrates?
From what group did birds probably arise?
Besides amniote eggs & living on land, name another way reptiles & birds are alike?
What group of mammals remain inside the mother until they are completely developed?
What mammal group has forelimbs modified into flippers?
What type of teeth are found in deer?
Name 2 sirenians.
What mammal group is born immature & finishes developing in the mother’s pouch?
In what order are dogs found?
Give 2 uses for the sounds that bats make? Can humans hear these sounds?
Name 2 marsupial mammals.
Echidnas & duck billed platypus are what type of mammals?
What are monotremes?
What are placental mammals?
Feathers are modified __________.
Describe the bones of birds.
What is the purpose of the crop in birds?
Birds excrete their nitrogenous waste as ____________.
Why is a bird’s respiration so efficient?
What are talons & what is their function?
Do all songbirds produce songs? Explain.
Where is the diaphragm located in mammals? What is its purpose?
Give the function of the syrinx in birds.
Reptiles called therapsids gave rise to what vertebrate group?
What type of teeth would carnivorous mammals have?

Biochemistry Study Guide BI

 

Biochemistry Study Guide
A molecule that has a partial negative charge on one side and a partial positive charge on the other would be what type of molecule?
Give several reasons why water is so important to life.
Does a molecule of water have a charge? Explain.
Explain why water is a polar molecule.
What element do all organic compounds contain?
Name the 3 elements most often found in organic compounds.
What organic molecules are considered to be carbohydrates?
Animals store glucose in their liver in what form?
What type of macromolecule would polysaccharides be?
Amino acids are the monomers for what polymers??
Proteins are made of long chains of what molecules?
Sketch a fatty acid.
Sketch a molecule of glucose.
Give several examples of lipids.
Long carbon-hydrogen chains linked by double covalent bonds make up what type of fats?
Name the 4 main types of macromolecules found in living thins.
What are the monomers of nucleic acids called?
Name 2 nucleic acids.
Explain why water’s polarity makes it useful for living things.
If an atom has four outermost electrons, how many covalent bonds can it form?
What type of molecule has a carboxyl “head” and makes up cell membranes?
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