| AP Biology: CHAPTER 26: ORIGIN OF LIFE
1. Start with the origin of the earth and identify the time frame, conditions, and evidence for each of the following steps leading to current life forms on earth. a. Origin of the earth ________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ b. Prokaryotes _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ c. Oxidizing atmosphere _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ d. Eukaryotic cells __________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ e. Multicellular life __________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. What was significant about the discovery of the iron oxide bands in the sedimentary layers. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. Describe the theory of endosymbiosis. ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. Why did evolution seem to slow 750 to 570 million years ago? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. What was special about the Cambrium Explosion? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 6. Describe a few adaptations essential for the invasion of plants onto land. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 7. Scientific Hypothesis for the origin of life a. The first cells may have originated by chemical evolution on a young Earth b. Abiotic synthesis of organic monomers is a testable hypothesis c. Laboratory simulations of early-Earth conditions have produced organic polymers d. RNA may have been the first genetic material e. Protobionts can form by self-assembly f. Natural selection could refine protobionts containing hereditary information g. Debate about the origin of life abounds 8. Describe the hypothesized conditions on earth when life arose. _______________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 9. What did Louis Pasteur demonstrate with his experiment? ___________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 10. List the four stages for the formation of life. a. _______________________________________________________________________ b. _______________________________________________________________________ c. _______________________________________________________________________ d. _______________________________________________________________________ 11. What metabolic processes would you expect to see in protobionts? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 12. Why is RNA now thought to be the first genetic code? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 13. What did Oparin, Haldane, Miller and Urey accomplish? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 14. What are some of the possible locations for the first life forms? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 15. What is the basis of the classification system developed by Linneaus? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 16. Why is taxonomy considered a work in progress? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 17. What are two problems with the five kingdom system of classification? a. ________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ b. ________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 18. How has the Domain System altered our view of taxonomy? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 19. Which prokaryote is closer to the eukaryotes? List several reasons for your answer. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 20. Place the following metabolic processes in an order that fits this hypothesis for the origin of life: Photosynthesis, Aerobic Respiration, Fermentation, Nucleic Acid replication (RNA or DNA), Membrane transport ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 21. Label the diagram to explain the Miller and Urey experiment to test the Abiotic Synthesis hypothesis.
22. Label the diagram to indicate the major events, the time frame, and the geologic eras the origin of life on Earth.
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