Author: Biology Junction Team

Quiz Genetics

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Genetics

 

 

True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
1.
Genetics is the branch of biology that involves the study of how different traits are transmitted from one generation to the next.
2.
Mendel discovered predictable patterns in the inheritance of traits.
3.
The scientific study of heredity is called genetics.
4.
In Mendel’s experiments with the flower color of pea plants, only the parental generation produced white flowers.
5.
Mendel concluded that the patterns of inheritance are determined entirely by the environment.
6.
The law of independent assortment was proposed by Mendel to explain his observations of inheritance patterns.
7.
Genes on chromosomes are the units of inheritance.
8.
The allele for a recessive trait is usually represented by a capital letter.
9.
Heterozygous individuals have two of the same alleles for a particular gene.
10.
A probability of 1/4 is equal to a probability of 75 percent.
11.
The dominant allele for tallness in pea plants is represented by the letter t.
12.
In codominance, two alleles are expressed at the same time.
13.
All genes have only two alleles.
14.
A dihybrid cross involves two pairs of contrasting traits.
15.
Crosses involving a study of one gene are called monohybrid crosses.
 

Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
16.
A reproductive process in which fertilization occurs within a single plant is ____________________.
17.
Mendel produced strains of pea plants through the process of ____________________.
18.
____________________ refers to the transmission of traits from parent to offspring in sexually reproducing organisms.
19.
In heterozygous individuals, only the ____________________ allele achieves expression.
20.
A trait that is not expressed in the F1 generation resulting from the crossbreeding of two genetically different, true-breeding organisms is called ____________________.
21.
The principle that states that one factor may mask the effect of another factor is the principle of ____________________.
22.
In Mendel’s experiments, a trait that disappeared in the F1 generation but reappeared in the F2 generation was always a ____________________.
23.
The cellular process that results in the segregation of Mendel’s factors is ____________________.
24.
Mendel formulated two principles known as the laws of ____________________.
25.
An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait is called ____________________.
26.
An organism’s ____________________ refers to the set of alleles it has inherited.
27.
The likelihood that a specific event will occur is called ____________________.
In pea plants, tallness (T) is dominant to shortness (t). Crosses between plants with these traits can be analyzed using a Punnett square similar to the one shown below.
T
t
T
1
2
t
3
4
28.
Refer to the illustration above. The parents shown in the Punnett square could have offspring with a genotype ratio of ____________________.
29.
Refer to the illustration above. The phenotype of the plant that would be represented in box “4” of the Punnett square would be ____________________.
30.
A cross involving two pairs of contrasting traits is a(n) ____________________ cross.

 
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Seed Plants Study Guide

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Seed Plants Quiz

 

 

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.  If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
 1.
A vascular plant’s body is formed from dermal, vascular, and ground tissue systems. _________________________
 2.
The protective layer of cork on a woody stem is a part of the ground tissue system of plants. _________________________
 3.
Root hairs are extensions of the cortex cells that cover a root. _________________________
 4.
Xylem transports water and mineral nutrients in vascular plants. _________________________
 5.
The main function of ground tissue is to conduct water, minerals, and nutrients. _________________________
 6.
Vascular tissue surrounded by ground tissue, which makes up much of the outside of a vascular plant. _________________________
 7.
The main functions of the roots of plants are anchoring the plant and absorbing water and minerals. _________________________
 8.
Herbaceous plants have non-woody stems. _________________________
 9.
Sapwood contains xylem vessels that cannot conduct water. _________________________
 10.
Xylem in heartwood cannot conduct water. _________________________
 11.
A compound leaf has two or more leaflets. _________________________
 12.
A plant embryo’s root develops above the cotyledons. _________________________
 13.
A protective sheath covers the shoot of a sprouting bean seed. _________________________
 14.
The cotyledons of beans are visible above the soil after germination. _________________________
 15.
The cotyledons of a corn seed remain below the soil surface after germination. _________________________
 16.
Plants stop developing once they have matured. _________________________
 17.
Plants add new cells to the tips of their stems and roots, causing them to grow longer. _________________________
 18.
Cell division in meristems decreases the length and width of a plant. _________________________
 19.
Secondary tissues form as a result of cell division in a plant’s apical meristems. _________________________
 20.
Nitrogen is an essential mineral nutrient needed for plant growth and development. _________________________
 21.
Since calcium is a part of cell membranes, it plays a role in the support of a plant’s body. _________________________
 22.
If a plant becomes deficient in magnesium, it will not be able to perform cellular respiration. _________________________
 23.
The availability of light and nutrients affects the rate of plant growth. _________________________
 24.
The movement of water through a plant can be explained by the pressure-flow model. _________________________
 25.
The loss of water by translocation at the leaves helps pull water into the plant at the roots. _________________________
 26.
The rate of water absorption in roots is influenced by the amount of water lost through transpiration. _________________________
 27.
Osmosis between water molecules helps to pull water through a plant’s xylem. _________________________
 28.
The guard cells swell when they take in water, which closes the stomata and allows transpiration to proceed. _________________________
 29.
The movement of sugars into phloem cells requires the process of active transport. _________________________
 30.
The distribution of sugars within a plant is referred to as transpiration. _________________________
 31.
Sugars move in only two directions within the phloem of a plant. _________________________
 32.
Roots function in the storage of excess nutrients in many plants. Therefore, roots are an example of a sink only. _________________________
 33.
In plants, organic nutrients move through the xylem from where they are made to where they are needed. _________________________
 34.
The transport of organic molecules from a leaf to the rest of the plant is called transportation. _________________________
 35.
A hormone is any chemical messenger that is produced in one location and causes a response in another location. _________________________
 36.
Auxins were the first group of plant hormones to be described. _________________________
 37.
The shoots of oat seedlings bend toward light because of auxins produced in their root tips. _________________________
 38.
Cytokinins are hormones that slow the aging of some plant organs such as cut flowers. _________________________
 39.
Seedless fruits are often produced by applying ethylene to developing fruits. _________________________
 40.
Plant shoots grow upward due to a negative gravitropism. _________________________
 41.
Tropisms are the only way that plants respond to environmental stimuli. _________________________
 42.
Tropisms are distinguished from other plant responses to stimuli in that they depend on the direction from which the stimulus comes. _________________________
 43.
The response of a plant to the direction of a touch is called a thigmotropism. _________________________
 44.
The fact that a plant blooms and sets fruit at the same time each year is explained by a heliotropism. _________________________
 45.
The response of a Venus’ flytrap to an insect is an example of a tropism. _________________________
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 46.
Which of the following is not a tissue system of vascular plants?
a.
 vascular tissue
c.
 ground tissue
b.
 dermal tissue
d.
 cuticle tissue
 47.
cuticle : above-ground parts ::
a.
 vascular system : plant
c.
 guard cell : stoma
b.
 sperm : egg
d.
 wax : root system
 48.
The xylem in a plant
a.
 transports food from the leaves.
b.
 transports water and minerals.
c.
 exchanges carbon dioxide with the atmosphere.
d.
 exchanges sugars and starches with leaves.
 49.
The conducting cells of phloem are called
a.
 tracheids.
c.
 sieve plates.
b.
 sieve-tube members.
d.
 vessel-element cells.
The diagram below shows a portion of a plant’s vascular system.
nar001-1.jpg
 50.
Refer to the illustration above. Structure B is known as a
a.
 tracheid.
c.
 vessel element.
b.
 companion cell.
d.
 sieve-tube member.
 51.
Refer to the illustration above. Structure C is a
a.
 tracheid.
c.
 vessel cell.
b.
 companion cell.
d.
 sieve tube member.
 52.
Refer to the illustration above. Which structure allows the cytoplasm of a companion cell to connect to the cytoplasm of a sieve-tube member and allows substances to pass freely from cell to cell?
a.
 A
c.
 D
b.
 C
d.
 E
 53.
Refer to the illustration above. The structure labeled D is
a.
 a companion cell.
c.
 the nucleus of a companion cell.
b.
 an epidermal cell.
d.
 the chloroplast of an epidermal cell.
 54.
The ground tissue in the center of roots and stems
a.
 turns into meristem.
c.
 provides support.
b.
 transports food.
d.
 germinates at least once a year.
 55.
The ground tissue that is made up of chloroplast-rich cells is located in the
a.
 root.
c.
 stem.
b.
 xylem.
d.
 leaves.
 56.
vascular tissue: transport of fluids ::
a.
 epidermis : support
c.
 dermal tissue : transport of fluids
b.
 dermal tissue : storage
d.
 ground tissue : photosynthesis
 57.
The large central root of a carrot is an example of which type of root system?
a.
 adventitious
c.
 taproot
b.
 aerial
d.
 fibrous
 58.
The root cap
a.
 protects a growing root tip.
c.
 absorbs water.
b.
 stores food in the form of starch.
d.
 contains vascular tissue.
 59.
dermal tissue : root hairs ::
a.
 cellular respiration : photosynthesis
c.
 cork cells : transport of fluids
b.
 vascular tissue : vascular bundle
d.
 internodes : nodes

The diagram below shows the stem of a coleus plant.

nar002-1.jpg
 60.
Refer to the illustration above. The tissue labeled A is called
a.
 meristem.
c.
 phloem.
b.
 xylem.
d.
 ground tissue.
 61.
Refer to the illustration above. The structure labeled C is one of this herbaceous stem’s
a.
 petioles.
c.
 vascular bundles.
b.
 veins.
d.
 pith nodes.
 62.
Refer to the illustration above. The tissue labeled B, which conducts water and is made of elongated cells that connect end to end, is called
a.
 meristem.
c.
 phloem.
b.
 xylem.
d.
 ground tissue.
 63.
The outer layers of ground tissue in a stem are known as the
a.
 sapwood.
c.
 pith.
b.
 nodes.
d.
 cortex.
 64.
The bark on a woody stem is made up of
a.
 xylem and phloem.
c.
 phloem and cork.
b.
 sapwood.
d.
 mesophyll.
 65.
The vascular bundles of dicot stems are arranged
a.
 in rings surrounded by ground tissue.
b.
 scattered throughout ground tissue.
c.
 in pith scattered throughout ground tissue.
d.
 in cortex scattered throughout ground tissue.
 66.
The center region of ground tissue in a herbaceous stem is known as the
a.
 sapwood.
c.
 pith.
b.
 nodes.
d.
 cortex.
 67.
Leaves connect to the stems of plants at the
a.
 lateral buds.
c.
 nodes.
b.
 pith.
d.
 internodes.
 68.
Leaves with an undivided blade are called
a.
 tendrils.
c.
 compound.
b.
 spines.
d.
 simple.
 69.
leaves : carbon dioxide from the air ::
a.
 leaves : water from the air
c.
 roots : carbon dioxide from the air
b.
 roots : light from the air
d.
 roots : nutrients from the soil
 70.
Garden-pea tendrils are specialized leaves for
a.
 photosynthesis.
c.
 respiration.
b.
 climbing.
d.
 absorption.
 71.
The tissue of the leaf mesophyll that is located directly below the upper epidermis and consists of tightly packed column-shaped cells is the
a.
 palisade layer.
c.
 adventitious layer.
b.
 cortex.
d.
 pith.
Four Different Kinds of Leaves

nar003-1.jpg
 72.
Refer to the illustration above. Which of the leaves is a compound leaf?
a.
 leaf a
c.
 leaf c
b.
 leaf b
d.
 leaf d
 73.
Refer to the illustration above. Which of the leaves is most likely to be a leaf from a monocot?
a.
 leaf a
c.
 leaf c
b.
 leaf b
d.
 leaf d
The diagram below shows a leaf cross section.

nar004-1.jpg
 74.
Refer to the illustration above. The vein illustrated is made up of
a.
 only xylem vessels.
c.
 both xylem and phloem vessels.
b.
 only phloem vessels.
d.
 neither xylem nor phloem vessels.
 75.
Refer to the illustration above. The spongy layer is indicated by the letter
a.
 A.
c.
 C.
b.
 B.
d.
 D.
 76.
Refer to the illustration above. All of the following relate to structure A except that it
a.
 is the cuticle.
c.
 covers the epidermis.
b.
 protects the leaf.
d.
 conducts photosynthesis.
 77.
The first sign of germination is the emergence of the embryo’s
a.
 shoot.
c.
 stem.
b.
 root.
d.
 flowers.
 78.
Plants grow in regions of active cell division called
a.
 meristems.
c.
 phloem.
b.
 xylem.
d.
 dermal tissue.
 79.
Meristems are found
a.
 only at the tips of roots.
c.
 at the tips of roots and shoots.
b.
 only at the tips of shoots.
d.
 at the center of roots and shoots.
 80.
Plant development is similar to animal development because
a.
 a plant continues to develop throughout its life.
b.
 plants are more strongly influenced by the environment.
c.
 newly formed plant cells differentiate to form specialized tissues.
d.
 plant development can be reversed.
 81.
During periods of primary growth at apical meristems, stems and roots
a.
 become wider.
c.
 maintain a constant number of cells.
b.
 become longer.
d.
 undergo meiosis.
nar005-1.jpg
 82.
Refer to the illustration above. Outer bark is produced by
a.
 layer 2.
c.
 layer 5.
b.
 layer 4.
d.
 layer 7.
 83.
Refer to the illustration above. The cells that produce the secondary xylem are labeled as
a.
 layer 2.
c.
 layer 4.
b.
 layer 3.
d.
 layer 5.
 84.
Refer to the illustration above. Secondary xylem is indicated by the cells labeled as
a.
 layer 1.
c.
 layer 5.
b.
 layer 3.
d.
 layer 7.
 85.
Secondary xylem and phloem form from
a.
 cork cambium.
c.
 apical meristems.
b.
 vascular cambium.
d.
 bark.
 86.
In a woody stem, cork cambium
a.
 forms phloem.
c.
 produces the cells of the outer bark.
b.
 forms xylem.
d.
 becomes vascular cambium.
 87.
secondary growth : width ::
a.
 secondary growth : height
c.
 apical meristem : width
b.
 lateral meristem : length
d.
 primary growth : length
 88.
xylem : inner side of vascular cambium ::
a.
 vascular cambium : cork cambium
b.
 outer side of vascular cambium : cork
c.
 phloem : outer side of vascular cambium
d.
 phloem : cork cambium
 89.
Photosynthesis enables plants to produce most of the organic molecules that they need. This process requires the use of all of the following except
a.
 carbon dioxide.
c.
 light.
b.
 water.
d.
 glucose.
 90.
The movement of water through a plant is caused by
a.
 the attraction of water molecules to sugar molecules.
b.
 the force of osmosis drawing water into the roots.
c.
 transpiration from leaves and stems.
d.
 translocation of sugars in the stems.
 91.
The loss of water vapor through the leaves of a plant is called
a.
 translocation.
c.
 active transport.
b.
 osmosis.
d.
 transpiration.
 92.
The guard cells that surround a stoma
a.
 have no walls.
b.
 swell with water, causing the stoma to open.
c.
 shrink when opening the stoma.
d.
 are responsible for translocation.
 93.
The transport of food from the leaves to the rest of the plant is called
a.
 translocation.
c.
 active transport.
b.
 osmosis.
d.
 transpiration.
 94.
One model that explains the movement of sugar in a plant is known as the
a.
 transpiration model.
c.
 pressure-flow model.
b.
 translocation model.
d.
 source-sink model.

      The diagrams below illustrate an experiment that was performed to better understand how plants grow toward the light. Diagram A illustrates the cut tip of a seedling that was put on a block of agar.

nar007-1.jpg
 95.
Refer to the illustration above. The plant growth hormone that was discovered in this experiment is called
a.
 auxin.
c.
 ethylene.
b.
 gibberellin.
d.
 cytokinin.
 96.
Refer to the illustration above. A hormone caused the stem in diagram C to bend by
a.
 exerting a cohesive force on the stem.
b.
 causing cells to reproduce at a greater rate.
c.
 causing cells on one side to elongate.
d.
 translocation.
 97.
A plant hormone that is produced primarily in root tips is
a.
 auxin.
c.
 ethylene.
b.
 cytokinin.
d.
 gibberellin.
 98.
Which of the following hormones normally exists in a gaseous state?
a.
 auxin
c.
 ethylene
b.
 cytokinin
d.
 gibberellin
 99.
All of the following generally cause tropisms in plants except
a.
 light.
c.
 touch.
b.
 gravity.
d.
 heat.
 100.
When vines grow, they often wrap tendrils around objects for support. The tendrils wrap because of
a.
 thigmotropism.
c.
 phototropism.
b.
 gravitropism.
d.
 chance.
Newly Germinated Seedling
nar008-1.jpg
 101.
Refer to the illustration above. Which part of the plant indicates positive phototropism?
a.
 A
c.
 C
b.
 B
d.
 D
 102.
Refer to the illustration above. Which part of the plant indicates positive gravitropism?
a.
 A
c.
 C
b.
 B
d.
 D
 103.
shoots : negative gravitropism ::
a.
 light stimulations : gravitropism
c.
 shoots : negative phototropism
b.
 gravity movements : phototropism
d.
 roots : positive gravitropism
 104.
The response of plants to periods of light and dark is called
a.
 seasonal.
c.
 daily activity.
b.
 photoperiodism.
d.
 nocturnal variation.
 105.
Nastic movements in plants result when
a.
 some cells grow more than others.
b.
 the water content of certain cells changes.
c.
 the plant has been exposed to warm temperatures.
d.
 seasonal conditions change suddenly.
 

Completion
Complete each statement.
 106.
The ____________________ tissue forms the protective outer layer of a plant.
 107.
Dermal tissue functions in ____________________ as well as in protection and the absorption of mineral nutrients.
 108.
Vascular tissues are specialized cells that move ____________________, nutrients, and other materials through the plant body.
 109.
The tissues that transport water, minerals, and nutrients within a plant make up the ____________________ system.
 110.
Narrow, elongated, thick-walled cells that taper at each end and conduct water and mineral nutrients are called ____________________.
 111.
Certain conducting cells in the vascular system cannot perform their functions until they have lost most of their ____________________.
 112.
The ____________________ of plants absorb water and minerals necessary for growth.
 113.
The two main types of root systems are fibrous root systems and ____________________ systems.
 114.
Flexible, soft, and usually green stems are known as ____________________ stems.
 115.
The darker, non-conducting wood in the center of a tree trunk is called ____________________.
 116.
In ____________________ stems, the vascular bundles are arranged in a ring with ground tissue surrounding the ring.
 117.
The broad, flat portion of a typical leaf is called the ____________________.
 118.
In order for seeds to sprout, environmental conditions must be ____________________.
nar006-1.jpg
 119.
Refer to the diagram above. The structure labeled A in the diagram above is called the ____________________.
 120.
Refer to the diagram above. The structure labeled X is called the ____________________.
 121.
Resumption of growth by a plant embryo in a seed is called ____________________.
 122.
Seeds typically enter a period of dormancy before they ____________________.
 123.
The process by which cells become specialized in form and function is called ____________________.
 124.
Plants grow in regions of active cell division at the tips of roots and shoots called ____________________.
 125.
Growth that occurs from the formation of new cells at the tip of a plant is called ____________________.
 126.
Plant tissues that result from primary growth are called ____________________.
 127.
Cell division in the parts of plants called ____________________ add layers of new cells around the outside of a plant’s body.
 128.
Wood consists primarily of ____________________ cells.
 129.
The thickening of a plant body by the production of new xylem and phloem is called ____________________ growth.
 130.
A lateral meristem that produces secondary vascular tissue is called the ____________________.
 131.
A lateral meristem that produces the cork cells of the outer bark is called the ____________________.
 132.
The process that causes a plant to increase in width is called ____________________.
 133.
Raw materials required by plants are carbon dioxide, water, oxygen, and ____________________ nutrients.
 134.
Nitrogen is an important component of proteins, ____________________, chlorophylls, and coenzymes.
 135.
ATP contains the mineral nutrient ____________________.
 136.
As water evaporates from the surface of leaves, more water is ____________________ up the plant.
 137.
When the guard cells that surround a stoma lose water, the stoma ____________________.
 138.
Changes in ____________________ within the guard cells cause stoma to open and close.
 139.
Transpiration ____________________ when stomata close.
 140.
The transport of organic molecules from the leaves to the rest of the plant is called ____________________.
 141.
The leaves of plants are categorized as ____________________ because they are the primary photosynthetic organs.
 142.
Organic nutrients in plants move from a(n) ____________________ to a(n) ____________________.
 143.
A(n) ____________________ is a chemical produced in one part of an organism and transported to another part of the organism, where it causes a response.
 144.
____________________ is a hormone that stimulates fruits to ripen.
 145.
The bending of a plant’s stem toward light is an example of a _________________________.
 146.
A growth response of plants in which the direction of growth is determined by the direction from which a stimulus comes is called a(n) ____________________.
 147.
Because of ____________________, the seeds and buds of many plants delay growth until they have been exposed to a certain number of hours of cold temperatures.
 148.
A long-day plant will flower when ____________________ are shorter than a specific number of hours.
 149.
Nastic movements are plant responses that are ____________________ of the direction from which the stimulus comes.
 150.
The rapid folding of the leaves of a sensitive plant are the result of a(n) ____________________.

 
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Quiz Homeostasis

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Homeostasis

 

 

True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
1.
Diffusion is an active process that requires a cell to expend a great deal of energy.
2.
During diffusion, molecules diffuse from a region where their concentration is low to a region where their concentration is higher until they are evenly dispersed.
3.
A cell placed in a strong salt solution would probably burst because of an increase in osmotic pressure.
4.
When the concentration of solutes outside the cell is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell, the cell solution is isotonic relative to its environment.
5.
Diffusion occurs only in living systems.
6.
The transport of specific particles through a membrane by carrier proteins is known as facilitated diffusion.
7.
Ion channels are usually able to transport only one type of ion.
8.
Facilitated diffusion moves molecules and ions in one direction only, while active transport moves them in two directions.
9.
In active transport, energy is required to move a substance across a cell membrane.
10.
Both the sodium-potassium pump and the proton pump require energy to move particles across the cell membrane.
11.
The sodium-potassium pump moves sodium and potassium ions against the concentration gradient.
12.
Exocytosis helps the cell rid itself of wastes.
13.
During the process of exocytosis, the cell membrane extends to engulf substances that are too big to pass through the cell membrane.
 

Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
14.
Active transport systems are a form of cell transport that requires energy from molecules of ____________________.
15.
____________________ allows a cell to stockpile substances in far greater concentrations than they occur outside the cell.
16.
The transport of food into cells involves the action of the sodium-potassium pump and ____________________ channels.
      quiz_homeostasis_files/i0190000.jpg
                  A                                    B
17.
Refer to the illustration above. The process shown in figure “B” is called ____________________.
18.
Refer to the illustration above. Cells often trap extracellular particles and fluid. This is shown in figure ____________________.
19.
The process in which an amoeba engulfs its prey and takes it in is known as ____________________.


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Sponges and Cnidarians

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Sponges and Cnidarians

 

 

True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
1.
Sponges are filter feeders.
2.
Sponges are capable of total regeneration, even from the smallest pieces of their bodies.
3.
Polyps are a body form of cnidarians that are specialized for swimming.
4.
Cnidarians are characterized by stinging nematocysts.
5.
The life cycle of anthozoans includes medusae, planulae, and polyps.
6.
Ctenophores lack a nervous system that coordinates their activities, so their movements are erratic.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

     

7.
Refer to the illustration above. Which organism in the diagrams is most closely related to a jellyfish?
a.
Organism “A”
c.
Organism “C”
b.
Organism “B”
d.
Organism “D”
8.
Spicules are
a.
flexible protein fibers.
b.
hard needle-like structures in the wall of a sponge.
c.
similar to seeds; a complete sponge can grow from each spicule.
d.
used for taking in food and water.
9.
Skeletal support in sponges may be provided by
a.
spicules of calcium carbonate.
c.
spongin fibers.
b.
spicules of silicon dioxide.
d.
All of the above
10.
Sponges obtain food
a.
by photosynthesis.
b.
by using their spicules to paralyze protozoa.
c.
by filtering small organisms from the water.
d.
with spongin.
11.
In sponges, currents that draw water through the organism are created by
a.
amoebocytes.
c.
gemmules.
b.
collar cells.
d.
spicules.
12.
Hermaphroditic organisms
a.
reproduce only by asexual means.
b.
produce both eggs and sperm.
c.
have gemmules that are fertilized by amoebocytes.
d.
possess only male amoebocytes.
13.
Sponges can reproduce
a.
by the budding of new sponges from the parent.
b.
by a breakup of the original parent into fragments that each become a new sponge.
c.
sexually, using the production of sperm and eggs.
d.
All of the above
14.
freshwater sponges : gemmules ::
a.
hermaphrodites : eggs and sperm
c.
gemmules : sperms
b.
gemmules : eggs
d.
amoebocytes : eggs
      sponges_and_cnidari_files/i0180000.jpg
15.
Refer to the illustration above. Which organism in the diagrams captures its prey using nematocysts?
a.
Organism “A”
c.
Organism “C”
b.
Organism “B”
d.
Organism “D”
16.
The outer cell layer of a cnidarian is the
a.
ectoderm.
c.
endoderm.
b.
mesoglea.
d.
epidermis.
17.
The phylum Cnidaria includes all of the following except
a.
jellyfish.
c.
sea anemones.
b.
squids.
d.
corals.
18.
Sea anemones are
a.
medusae.
c.
larvae.
b.
polyps.
d.
eggs.
The diagram below illustrates the life cycle of the jellyfish.
     
19.
Refer to the illustration above. Which stage is called a planula?
a.
Stage “1”
c.
Stage “3”
b.
Stage “2”
d.
None of the above
20.
Anthozoans include organisms known as
a.
jellyfish.
c.
Portuguese men-of-war.
b.
hydras.
d.
sea anemones and corals.


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Quiz Protein Synthesis

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Name: 

Protein Synthesis

 

 

Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
1.
In eukaryotes, gene expression is related to the coiling and uncoiling of ____________________.
2.
A DNA subunit composed of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base is called a(n) ____________________.
3.
The name of the five-carbon sugar that makes up a part of the backbone of molecules of DNA is ____________________.
4.
Knowing the order of the bases in a gene permits scientists to determine the exact order of the amino acids in the expressed ____________________.
5.
Due to the strict pairing of nitrogen base pairs in DNA molecules, the two strands are said to be ____________________ to each other.
6.
According to base-pairing rules, adenine pairs with ____________________ and guanine pairs with ____________________.
7.
The enzyme that is responsible for replicating molecules of DNA by attaching complementary bases in the correct sequence is ____________________.
8.
Enzymes called ____________________ are responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds that hold the complementary strands together.
9.
The process by which DNA copies itself is called ____________________.
10.
Molecules of ____________________ carry instructions for protein synthesis from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
11.
The nitrogen-containing base that is found only in RNA is ____________________.
12.
The enzyme responsible for making RNA is called ____________________.
13.
The form of ribonucleic acid that carries genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes is ____________________.
14.
A ____________________ is a sequence of DNA at the beginning of a gene that signals RNA polymerase to begin transcription.
15.
Messenger RNA is produced during the process of ____________________.
16.
Of the 64 codons of mRNA, 61 code for ____________________, 3 are ____________________ signals, and one is a ____________________ signal.
17.
Nucleotide sequences of tRNA that are complementary to codons on mRNA are called ____________________.
18.
The sequence of three nucleotides that code for specific amino acids or stop signals in the synthesis of protein is called a(n) ____________________.
19.
The information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA is used to make protein during the process of ____________________.
20.
During translation, amino acids are brought to the ribosomes by molecules of ____________________.

 
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