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Amphibian Study Guides

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Amphibian Quiz

 

 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 1.
The word amphibian is derived from Greek words meaning
a.
 “fishlike.”
c.
 “double life.”
b.
 “froglike.”
d.
 “first lunged.”
 2.
Which of the following is not evidence that amphibians evolved from a lobe-finned fish?
a.
 The limb bones of amphibians are similar in shape and position to those of lobe-finned fishes.
b.
 Amphibians’ limb bones are used to support the body.
c.
 Amphibians are still alive, while lobe-finned fishes are extinct.
d.
 Both amphibians and lobe-finned fishes have a skull and a vertebral column.
 3.
The earliest known land vertebrates
a.
 were salamanders.
b.
 were amphibians.
c.
 lacked bones in their legs.
d.
 were now-extinct reptiles.
 4.
In amphibians, gases are exchanged through the gills, lungs, and
a.
 heart.
c.
 lateral line system.
b.
 air bladder.
d.
 skin.
 5.
Toads, like frogs,
a.
 cannot live in moist areas.
b.
 generally return to the water to reproduce.
c.
 have long tails as adults.
d.
 belong to the order Caudata.
 6.
Amphibians without tails are classified in the order
a.
 Apoda.
c.
 Caudata.
b.
 Anura.
d.
 Hydrodela.
 7.
Newts and salamanders are amphibians of the order
a.
 Apoda.
c.
 Caudata.
b.
 Anura.
d.
 Gymnophiona.
 8.
Amphibians have thin, moist skin
a.
 to allow easier gas exchange.
b.
 because thin, moist skin cannot be eaten by a predator.
c.
 so that they can slip easily into tight places.
d.
 to resist water loss.
 9.
Some type of strong skeletal support
a.
 exists in all animals, whether they are aquatic or terrestrial.
b.
 is necessary for animals to live outside aquatic environments.
c.
 is present primarily in aquatic vertebrates.
d.
 evolved first in reptiles.
 10.
Which of the following characteristics of the skeletons of frogs are adaptations for jumping?
a.
 forelimbs attached to a pectoral girdle and hind limbs attached to a pelvic girdle
b.
 fusion of bones of the lower limbs and of part of the vertebral column
c.
 cervical vertebrae
d.
 many separate, distinct vertebrae
 11.
All terrestrial vertebrates
a.
 must stay near water in order to reproduce.
b.
 have thin, moist skin for gas exchange.
c.
 have tracheal systems for delivering oxygen to cells.
d.
 have a double-loop circulatory system.
 12.
Which of the following is not a preadaptation in the transition from aquatic to terrestrial life?
a.
 bone structure in the fins that worked like legs
b.
 modified pouches in the digestive tract, which evolved into swim bladders
c.
 internal nostrils
d.
 a lateral line system
 13.
The amount of oxygen a lung can absorb depends primarily on
a.
 its thickness.
b.
 its position in the body of an animal.
c.
 its internal surface area.
d.
 the diameter of the bronchioles in the lung.
 14.
Adult frogs, like other amphibians, are
a.
 herbivores.
c.
 parasites.
b.
 omnivores.
d.
 carnivores.
 15.
Male frogs attract females by means of
a.
 vocalizations.
c.
 pheromones.
b.
 the amplexus.
d.
 metamorphosis.
 16.
Which of the following senses is not more developed in amphibians than in bony fishes?
a.
 lateral line system
c.
 smell
b.
 vision
d.
 hearing
 17.
Frogs reproduce in water or moist places because their eggs
a.
 are fertilized externally.
b.
 have a jelly-like coating that is permeable to water.
c.
 will dry out if removed from moisture.
d.
 All of the above
 18.
The series of changes in the life cycle of a frog is called
a.
 amniocentesis.
c.
 evolution.
b.
 metamorphosis.
d.
 synapsis.
 19.
During metamorphosis in frogs,
a.
 lungs replace gills.
b.
 limbs develop.
c.
 the tail disappears.
d.
 All of the above
 20.
Which of the following is not a method used by at least some frogs for caring for fertilized eggs as they develop?
a.
 gastric brooding
b.
 keeping eggs in vocal sacs
c.
 sitting on eggs
d.
 laying eggs on land
 

Completion
Complete each statement.
 21.
Amphibians differ from lobe-finned fishes and most other fishes in that they take in oxygen through their ____________________ and skin.
 22.
Salamanders and ____________________ are amphibians with a distinct head, tail, and limbs.
 23.
Frogs and toads are amphibians of the order ____________________.
 24.
Amphibians supplement the use of their lungs by respiring directly through their skin. This “skin breathing” is called ____________________ respiration.
 25.
Amphibians achieve more efficient circulation than fishes because of their ____________________ circulatory system.
 26.
In amphibians, the blood vessels that go from the lungs to the heart are called the ____________________ veins.
 27.
Young frogs respire using ____________________, while adult frogs respire using ____________________ and skin.
 28.
The tympanic membrane is another word for the ____________________.
 29.
The process of change that transforms a tadpole into an adult frog is called ____________________.
 30.
The male Darwin’s frog (Rhinoderma darwinii) protects maturing eggs by enclosing them in its ____________________ sacs, while a female gastric-brooding frog protects its eggs by keeping them in its ____________________.

 
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Annelids

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Annelids

 

 

True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
1.
Different regions of an annelid’s body specialize for different functions.
2.
Some leeches have become specialized to a parasitic way of life by developing the ability to suck blood from the bodies of other organisms.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
3.
Twisting of the visceral mass of gastropods is called
a.
extension.
c.
torsion.
b.
inversion.
d.
conversion.
4.
Among the various species of gastropods, respiration may take place
a.
with gills.
c.
with lungs.
b.
through the skin.
d.
All of the above
5.
Segmented worms are known as
a.
nematodes.
c.
planarians.
b.
annelids.
d.
arthropods.
6.
Each segment of an annelid
a.
is capable of reproduction.
b.
has a well-developed brain.
c.
has a pseudocoelom.
d.
has a complete set of digestive organs.
7.
The evolution of tremendous diversity in the phylum Annelida is due primarily to
a.
gills.
c.
cephalization.
b.
specialized reproductive organs.
d.
segmented bodies.
8.
A similarity between annelids and arthropods is that they both have
a.
exoskeletons made of chitin.
c.
segmented body patterns.
b.
the ability to fly.
d.
well-developed lungs for respiration.
9.
Segmented worms are known as
a.
nematodes.
c.
planarians.
b.
annelids.
d.
arthropods.
      annelids_files/i0120000.jpg
10.
Refer to the illustration above. Which two organisms in the diagrams have segmented body plans?
a.
Organisms “A” and “C”
c.
Organisms “A” and “D”
b.
Organisms “B” and “D”
d.
Organisms “B” and “C”
11.
Coordinated movements of an annelid’s body segments are possible because of the
a.
development of an advanced brain.
b.
ventral nerve cord and paired segmental ganglia.
c.
presence of a true coelom in the annelid body.
d.
existence of a complete digestive system.
12.
Of the four basic types of tissue, the tissue that is specialized to transmit and receive messages in the body is
a.
epithelial tissue.
c.
muscle tissue.
b.
connective tissue.
d.
nerve tissue.
13.
earthworm movement : circular muscles and setae ::
a.
earthworm digestion : circular muscles and setae
b.
earthworm digestion : sperm receptacles
c.
earthworm reproduction : pharynx
d.
earthworm respiration : skin
14.
The digestive tube of annelids is divided into three regions. Which of the following is not among these regions?
a.
crop
c.
radula
b.
intestine
d.
stomach
15.
The advantage of a closed circulatory system over an open circulatory system is that
a.
blood moves more efficiently through the tubes of a closed circulatory system.
b.
a closed circulatory system prevents blood from leaking out of the body.
c.
blood is able to be pumped by a muscular heart in a closed circulatory system.
d.
lungs are able to function in animals with a closed circulatory system.
16.
Of the following organs, the one that does not exist in annelids is the
a.
heart.
c.
nephridia.
b.
gills.
d.
stomach.
17.
The clitellum of an earthworm
a.
contains the heart.
b.
is associated with reproduction.
c.
acts as a primitive respiratory system.
d.
is necessary for movement.
18.
Earthworms are considered to be beneficial to the environment because
a.
their castings contain nutrients.
b.
they aerate the soil as they move through it.
c.
they break up the soil in which they live.
d.
All of the above
19.
The basic body plan of an annelid
a.
consists of joined legs.
c.
is a tube within a tube.
b.
is similar to a long tube.
d.
can be compared to a corkscrew.
20.
Parapodia are involved in all of the following except
a.
swimming.
c.
burrowing.
b.
gas exchange.
d.
reproduction.

 
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1st Semester 2006  Chapters 1 – 8 and  37

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1st Semester 2006  Chapters 1 – 8 and  37
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 1.
Biology is the study of
a.
 minerals.
c.
 the weather.
b.
 life.
d.
 energy.
 2.
Instructions for traits that are passed from parents to offspring are known as
a.
 a species plan.
c.
 genes.
b.
 organ codes.
d.
 natural selections.
 3.
Homeostasis means
a.
 a change over long periods of time.
b.
 keeping things the same.
c.
 rapid change.
d.
 the same thing as evolution.
 4.
The smallest units that can carry on all the functions of life are called
a.
 molecules.
c.
 organelles.
b.
 cells.
d.
 species.
 5.
Living things
a.
 need energy for life processes.
b.
 have the ability to reproduce.
c.
 are composed of cells.
d.
 All of the above
 6.
A scientist noticed that in acidic pond water some salamanders developed with curved spines. This was a(n)
a.
 hypothesis.
c.
 observation.
b.
 theory.
d.
 control.
 7.
The smallest particle of carbon that can retain the chemical properties of carbon is
a.
 a carbon molecule.
b.
 a carbon macromolecule.
c.
 a carbon atom.
d.
 the nucleus of a carbon atom.
 8.
The electrons of an atom
a.
 are found in the nucleus along with the protons.
b.
 orbit the nucleus in various energy levels.
c.
 have a positive charge.
d.
 are attracted to the positive charge of neutrons.
 9.
Atoms that have gained energy
a.
 have protons and neutrons that move farther apart.
b.
 lose neutrons from the nucleus.
c.
 have electrons that move to higher energy levels.
d.
 absorb electrons into the nucleus.
 10.
Because carbon has four electrons in its outer energy level,
a.
 it can form bonds with carbon atoms only.
b.
 these atoms are naturally chemically stable.
c.
 it can react with up to four other atoms to form covalent bonds.
d.
 it cannot react with anything other than organic molecules.
 11.
Sharing of electrons between atoms of two or more elements
a.
 results in the formation of an ion.
b.
 results in the formation of a compound.
c.
 results in the formation of noble gases.
d.
 results in destabilization of the atoms involved.
 12.
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?
a.
 Atoms held together by ionic bonds separate when placed in water, while atoms held together by covalent bonds do not separate in water.
b.
 Ionic bonds hold together atoms of two different types, while covalent bonds hold together atoms of the same type.
c.
 Electrons are exchanged between atoms held together by an ionic bond, but they are shared between atoms held together by a covalent bond.
d.
 Ionic bonds form between atoms that carry opposite charges, while covalent bonds form between uncharged atoms.
 13.
All organic compounds contain the element
a.
 C.
c.
 Ca.
b.
 N.
d.
 Na.
 14.
Which of the following is a carbohydrate?
a.
 DNA
c.
 wax
b.
 insulin
d.
 sucrose
 15.
Animals store glucose in the form of
a.
 cellulose.
c.
 wax.
b.
 glycogen.
d.
 lipids.
 16.
Amino acids are monomers of
a.
 disaccharides.
c.
 nucleotides.
b.
 proteins.
d.
 steroids.
 17.
mc017-1.jpg

Refer to the illustration above. Molecules like molecule 2 are found in

a.
 carbohydrates.
c.
 nucleic acids.
b.
 lipids.
d.
 proteins.
 18.
Saturated fatty acids contain
a.
 carbon atoms that are each bonded to four other atoms.
b.
 carbon atoms linked by double bonds.
c.
 no carboxyl (–COOH) groups.
d.
 more than 100 carbon atoms.
 19.
Nucleic acids include
a.
 chlorophyll and retinal.
b.
 DNA and RNA.
c.
 lipids and sugars.
d.
 glucose and glycogen.
 20.
When the volume of a cell increases, its surface area
a.
 increases at the same rate.
b.
 remains the same.
c.
 increases at a faster rate.
d.
 increases at a slower rate.
 21.
One difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that
a.
 nucleic acids are found only in prokaryotes.
b.
 mitochondria are found in larger quantities in eukaryotes.
c.
 the Golgi apparatus is found only in prokaryotes.
d.
 prokaryotes have no nuclear membrane.
 22.
Only eukaryotic cells have
a.
 DNA.
c.
 ribosomes.
b.
 membrane-bound organelles.
d.
 cytoplasm.
 23.
The structure that regulates what enters and leaves the cell is called the
a.
 nucleus.
c.
 nuclear membrane.
b.
 cell wall.
d.
 plasma membrane.
 24.
A structure within a cell that performs a specific function is called a(n)
a.
 organelle.
c.
 tissue.
b.
 organ tissue.
d.
 biocenter.
 25.
The Golgi apparatus is an organelle that
a.
 receives proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum.
b.
 labels the molecules made in the endoplasmic reticulum with tags that specify their destination.
c.
 releases molecules in vesicles.
d.
 All of the above
 26.
In which of the following organelles is a cell’s ATP produced?
a.
 mitochondrion
c.
 Golgi apparatus
b.
 endoplasmic reticulum
d.
 lysosome
 27.
Proteins are made on the
a.
 mitochondria.
c.
 nucleus.
b.
 ribosomes.
d.
 plasma membrane.
nar001-1.jpg
 28.
Refer to the illustration above. Which structure immediately identifies this cell as a eukaryote?
a.
 structure 1
c.
 structure 3
b.
 structure 2
d.
 structure 4
 29.
Refer to the illustration above. Structure 1 is
a.
 the endoplasmic reticulum.
b.
 a Golgi apparatus.
c.
 a mitochondrion.
d.
 the nucleus.
 30.
The organelles associated with photosynthesis are the
a.
 mitochondria.
c.
 Golgi apparatus.
b.
 chloroplasts.
d.
 vacuoles.
 31.
Diffusion takes place
a.
 only through a lipid bilayer membrane.
b.
 from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
c.
 only in liquids.
d.
 from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
 32.
The process by which water passes into or out of a cell is called
a.
 solubility.
c.
 selective transport.
b.
 osmosis.
d.
 endocytosis.
 33.
mc033-1.jpg

Refer to the illustration above. The process shown is called

a.
 osmosis.
c.
 active transport.
b.
 facilitated diffusion.
d.
 diffusion.
 34.
Ridding the cell of material by discharging it from sacs at the cell surface is called
a.
 pinocytosis.
c.
 exocytosis.
b.
 phagocytosis.
d.
 endocytosis.
 35.
Placing a plant into a hypertonic environment will
a.
 cause turgor pressure to increase.
b.
 cause the plant to take in water.
c.
 have no effect.
d.
 cause turgor pressure to decrease.
 36.
Based on the cycle of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, one can say that the ultimate original source of energy for all living things on Earth is
a.
 glucose.
c.
 the sun.
b.
 water.
d.
 carbon dioxide.
 37.
Suspended in the fluid stroma of chloroplasts are
a.
 organelles called eukaryotes.
b.
 numerous mitochondrial membranes.
c.
 small coins that provide energy.
d.
 stacks of thylakoids called grana.
 38.
The role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis is to
a.
 absorb light energy.
b.
 pass electrons to carotenoids.
c.
 split water molecules.
d.
 All of the above
 39.
What happens when a chlorophyll molecule absorbs light?
a.
 Some of its electrons are raised to a higher energy level.
b.
 It disintegrates, giving off huge amounts of heat.
c.
 It glows, radiating green light and giving the plant a green appearance.
d.
 It attracts electrons from other molecules.
 40.
The source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis is
a.
 carbon dioxide.
c.
 chlorophyll.
b.
 water.
d.
 glucose.
 41.
The major atmospheric byproduct of photosynthesis is
a.
 nitrogen.
c.
 water.
b.
 carbon dioxide.
d.
 oxygen.
 42.
During photosynthesis, the series of reactions that create the complex carbohydrates needed for energy and growth is called
a.
 the Calvin cycle.
b.
 the Krebs cycle.
c.
 the light reactions.
d.
 the electron transport chain.
 43.
The process of cellular respiration
a.
 is performed only by organisms that are incapable of photosynthesis.
b.
 breaks down food molecules to release stored energy.
c.
 occurs before plants are able to carry out photosynthesis.
d.
 occurs only in animals.
 44.
When muscles are exercised extensively in the absence of sufficient oxygen,
a.
 a large amount of ATP is formed.
b.
 NADH molecules split.
c.
 lactic acid is produced.
d.
 cellular respiration ceases.
 45.
Which of the following is not part of cellular respiration?
a.
 electron transport
c.
 the Krebs cycle
b.
 glycolysis
d.
 the Calvin cycle
 46.
In order to fit within a cell, DNA becomes more compact by
a.
 breaking apart into separate genes.
b.
 extending to form very long, thin molecules.
c.
 wrapping tightly around associated proteins.
d.
 being enzymatically changed into a protein.
 47.
The diploid number of chromosomes in a human skin cell is 46. How many chromosomes are in a human egg cell?
a.
 46
c.
 23
b.
 92
d.
 12.5
 48.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of most insects?
a.
 wings
b.
 three body regions
c.
 an endoskeleton
d.
 abdomen with three pairs of legs
 49.
While insects can destroy crops grown for human consumption, they also contribute to crop production by
a.
 serving as food for many animals.
b.
 pollinating crop plants.
c.
 feeding on decaying wood.
d.
 stimulating crop plants to grow faster.
nar002-1.jpg
 50.
Refer to the illustration above. The life cycle shown is an example of
a.
 direct development.
b.
 complete metamorphosis.
c.
 seasonal development.
d.
 incomplete metamorphosis.


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Scientific Method Web Quest

 

Scientist studying globe The Scientific Method Scientist using telescope

IntroductionVolcano

Did you know that scientists have a process they follow when they do their jobs?  It’s called the Scientific Method.  Scientists don’t just sit down, come up with an idea, and then run out and share it with everyone.

Your assignment is to learn about how scientists do their work.

Assignment, the First

RadiometerWrite a one or two-page paper on the Scientific Method.

Your paper must:

  • Answer:  “What is the Scientific Method?”
  • List steps in the Scientific Method
  • Look at different websites. Identify any differences you may find.
  • Explain how scientists use the Scientific Method.
  • Explain how you use the Scientific Method outside the classroom.

Resources

Look at the following websites to help you find the information you need to write your paper.

Biology4Kids Reasoning in Science

NASASCIFiles – The Scientific Method

The Scientific Method

Science Fair Central – The Scientific Method

Experimental Science Projects:  An Intermediate Level Guide

IPL Kids Space – The Scientific Method

The Scientific Method

Science Experiments for Kids – The Scientific Method

Logic and the Scientific Method

Assignment, the Second

Select a question. Explain how you would use the Scientific Method to answer the question.  Describe an experiment you could do to answer the question.

  • How does water move through a plant?
  • Which soap kills the most germs?
  • Can a potato generate electricity?
  • Can I hit a baseball better with a wooden bat or an aluminum bat?
  • Do vegetables grown using pesticides differ in flavor from those grown organically?
  • How much trash does the average household in my community create per week?  How does this compare with the national average?
  • Does presoaking seeds affect the germination and growth of plants?
  • Can I blow square bubbles?
  • How does acid rain affect plants?

Your paper must have the following information:

  • Identify the question you are answering.
  • Explain how you would use the Scientific Method to answer the question.
  • Describe an experiment you could perform to answer that question.

Conclusion

Newton's CradleYou will be using the Scientific Method, in some form, all through your life.  It is important you understand how it works.  Have fun working on this project!