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'; instructionText[1] = '
'; instructionIndex[0] = 0; instructionIndex[1] = 9; numberText[0] = '1.'; questionText[0] = '
'; answerText[0] = '
'; numberText[1] = '2.'; questionText[1] = '
'; answerText[1] = '
'; numberText[2] = '3.'; questionText[2] = '
'; answerText[2] = '
'; numberText[3] = '4.'; questionText[3] = '
'; answerText[3] = '
'; numberText[4] = '5.'; questionText[4] = '
'; answerText[4] = '
'; numberText[5] = '6.'; questionText[5] = '
'; answerText[5] = '
'; numberText[6] = '7.'; questionText[6] = '
'; answerText[6] = '
'; numberText[7] = '8.'; questionText[7] = '
'; answerText[7] = '
'; numberText[8] = '9.'; questionText[8] = '
'; answerText[8] = '
'; numberText[9] = '10.'; questionText[9] = '
'; answerText[9] = '
'; numberText[10] = '11.'; questionText[10] = '
'; answerText[10] = '
'; numberText[11] = '12.'; questionText[11] = '
'; answerText[11] = '
'; numberText[12] = '13.'; questionText[12] = '
'; answerText[12] = '
'; numberText[13] = '14.'; questionText[13] = '
'; answerText[13] = '
'; numberText[14] = '15.'; questionText[14] = '
'; answerText[14] = '
'; numberText[15] = '16.'; questionText[15] = '
'; answerText[15] = '
'; numberText[16] = '17.'; questionText[16] = '
'; answerText[16] = '
'; numberText[17] = '18.'; questionText[17] = '
'; answerText[17] = '
'; numberText[18] = '19.'; questionText[18] = '
'; answerText[18] = '
'; numberText[19] = '20.'; questionText[19] = '
'; answerText[19] = '
'; studentName = StripSpaces(f.student_name.value); FixMTF(f); index = 0; for (i=0; i < f.length; ++i) { if (f.elements[i].name.indexOf(":") > 0) { text = StripSpaces(GetResponse(index, f.elements[i])); if (text.length == 0) ++numBlank; ++index; } } if (studentName == "") { alert("Student name cannot be blank."); return(false); } if (numBlank > 0) { if (numBlank == 1) msg = "1 question"; else msg = numBlank + " questions"; if (!confirm("You have not answered " + msg + " Are you sure you want to end the test?")) return(false); } index = 0; for (i=0; i < f.length; ++i) { if (f.elements[i].name.indexOf(":") > 0) { text = GetResponse(index, f.elements[i]); if (ansMap[index] == "") { prefixText[index] = "
"; ++numSubjective; } else { isCorrect = ScoreAnswer(index, text); if (isCorrect) ++numCorrect; ++numPossible; prefixText[index] = BuildPrefixText(index, text, isCorrect); } responseText[index] = TranslateHtmlString(text); ++index; } } if (showNotes) { for (i=0; i < numQuestions; ++i) { if (qtypeMap.charAt(i) == "2") notesText[i] = FixMCNotes(notesText[i], responseText[i]); } } if (numPossible > 0) scorePercent = Math.round(100.0 * numCorrect / numPossible); else scorePercent = 0; studentName = TranslateHtmlString(studentName); document.writeln("n
n"); document.writeln("
"); document.writeln("Name: " + studentName + "
"); document.writeln("
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"); document.writeln(instructionText[currentInstruction]); document.writeln("
"); document.writeln(" |
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"); document.writeln(narrativeText[currentNarrative]); document.writeln("
"); document.writeln(" |
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| " + prefixText[i] + " |
" + numberText[i] + "
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" + questionText[i]); document.writeln("
"); document.writeln("
"); document.writeln("
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"); document.writeln("
"); document.writeln("
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"); document.writeln("![]() |
"); document.write(""); document.writeln(" "); document.writeln(" |
"); document.writeln(""); document.writeln(""); document.close(); return(false); } function GetResponse(answerIndex, answer) { var listIndex; var responseText; if (listMap.charAt(answerIndex) == "1") { listIndex = answer.selectedIndex; responseText = answer.options[listIndex].text; } else responseText = answer.value; return(responseText); } function ScoreAnswer(answerIndex, responseText) { var listIndex; var answerText; answerText = ansMap[answerIndex]; if (qtypeMap.charAt(answerIndex) == "4") return(NumericCompare(responseText, answerText)); else if (qtypeMap.charAt(answerIndex) == "5") return(MultiCompare(responseText, answerText)); else if (responseText.toUpperCase() == answerText.toUpperCase()) return(true); else return(false); } function BuildPrefixText(answerIndex, responseText, isCorrect) { var text; var listIndex; text = "
" if (isCorrect) text += "" else text += "
" if (listMap.charAt(answerIndex) == "1") { if (responseText.length == 0) responseText = " "; text += " " + responseText + " "; } text += "
" return(text); } function StripSpaces(s) { var len; var i; len = s.length; for (i=len - 1; i >= 0 && s.charAt(i) == " "; --i) len = i; if (len == 0) s = ""; else if (len != s.length) s = s.substring(0, len); return(s); } function TranslateHtmlString(text) { var newText; var replaceString; var position; var length; var breakPos; var skipExtra; var i; newText = ""; position = 0; length = text.length; while (position < length) { skipExtra = 0; breakPos = -1; for (i=position; i < length && breakPos < 0; ++i) { switch(text.charAt(i)) { case '>': replaceString = ">"; breakPos = i; break; case '<': replaceString = "<"; breakPos = i; break; case '&': replaceString = "&"; breakPos = i; break; case 'r': if ((i + 1) < length && text.charAt(i + 1) == 'n') skipExtra = 1; replaceString = "
"; breakPos = i; break; case 'n': replaceString = "
"; breakPos = i; break; case ' ': if ((i + 1 < length) && text.charAt(i + 1) == ' ') { replaceString = " "; breakPos = i; } break; } } if (breakPos < 0) { newText += text.substring(position, length); position = length; } else { if (breakPos > position) newText += text.substring(position, breakPos); newText += replaceString; position = breakPos + 1 + skipExtra; } } return(newText); } function FixMCNotes(notesText, studentText) { var displayText; var searchText; var upperNotes; var charCode; var startIndex; var endIndex; displayText = ""; if (studentText.length > 0 && notesText.length > 0) { upperNotes = notesText.toUpperCase(); studentText = studentText.toUpperCase(); charCode = studentText.charCodeAt(0); searchText = "/" + String.fromCharCode(charCode) + "/"; startIndex = upperNotes.indexOf(searchText); if (startIndex >= 0) { startIndex += searchText.length; searchText = "/" + String.fromCharCode(charCode + 1) + "/"; endIndex = upperNotes.indexOf(searchText, startIndex); if (endIndex < startIndex) endIndex = notesText.length; displayText = notesText.substring(startIndex, endIndex); } else if (notesText.charAt(0) != "/") displayText = notesText; } return(displayText); } function NumericCompare(s1, s2) { var s1Sign; var s2Sign; var tempString; var decimalCount; var decimalPos; var numToDelete; var len; var ch; var i; s1.toUpperCase(); s2.toUpperCase(); if (s1 == s2) return(true); else { s1Sign = 1; s2Sign = 1; tempString = ""; for (i=0; i < s1.length; ++i) { ch = s1.charAt(i); if (ch == "-" && tempString.length == 0) s1Sign = -1; else if ((ch >= "0" && ch <= "9") || ch == ".") tempString += ch; } s1 = tempString; decimalCount = 0; decimalPos = -1; for (i=0; i < s1.length; ++i) { if (s1.charAt(i) == '.') { ++decimalCount; if (decimalPos < 0) decimalPos = i; } } if (decimalCount == 1 && decimalPos >= 0) { len = s1.length; for (i=len - 1; i >= decimalPos; --i) { if (i == decimalPos || s1.charAt(i) == '0') len = i; else break; } if (len < s1.length) s1 = s1.substring(0, len); if (s1.length == 0) s1 = "0"; } numToDelete = 0; for (i=0; i < s1.length; ++i) { if (s1.charAt(i) == "0") ++numToDelete; else break; } if (numToDelete > 0) { if (numToDelete == s1.length) --numToDelete; if (numToDelete > 0) s1 = s1.substring(numToDelete); } ///////////////////////////////////////////// tempString = ""; for (i=0; i < s2.length; ++i) { ch = s2.charAt(i); if (ch == "-" && tempString.length == 0) s2Sign = -1; else if ((ch >= "0" && ch <= "9") || ch == ".") tempString += ch; } s2 = tempString; decimalCount = 0; decimalPos = -1; for (i=0; i < s2.length; ++i) { if (s2.charAt(i) == '.') { ++decimalCount; if (decimalPos < 0) decimalPos = i; } } if (decimalCount == 1 && decimalPos >= 0) { len = s2.length; for (i=len - 1; i >= decimalPos; --i) { if (i == decimalPos || s2.charAt(i) == '0') len = i; else break; } if (len < s2.length) s2 = s2.substring(0, len); if (s2.length == 0) s2 = "0"; } numToDelete = 0; for (i=0; i < s2.length; ++i) { if (s2.charAt(i) == "0") ++numToDelete; else break; } if (numToDelete > 0) { if (numToDelete == s2.length) --numToDelete; if (numToDelete > 0) s2 = s2.substring(numToDelete); } if (s1Sign == s2Sign && s1 == s2) return(true); } return(false); } function MultiCompare(responseText, answerText) { var startIndex; var endIndex; var partialText; responseText = responseText.toUpperCase(); answerText = answerText.toUpperCase(); startIndex = 0; do { endIndex = answerText.indexOf("r", startIndex); if (endIndex < 0) partialText = answerText.substring(startIndex); else partialText = answerText.substring(startIndex, endIndex); if (responseText == partialText) return(true); startIndex = endIndex + 1; } while (endIndex > 0); return(false); } function FixMTF(f) { var text; var letter; var theList; var listIndex; var number; var i; for (i=0; i < f.length; ++i) { if (f.elements[i].name.indexOf("MTF:") == 0) { number = parseInt(f.elements[i].name.substring(4), 10); theList = f["MTF-" + number + "-1"]; if (theList) { listIndex = theList.selectedIndex; letter = theList.options[listIndex].text; } else letter = ""; text = StripSpaces(f["MTF-" + number + "-2"].value); if (text == "") f.elements[i].value = letter; else f.elements[i].value = letter + "," + text; } } } function AllowReset() { return(window.confirm("Do you want to clear all of your answers?")); } // -->
| Name:Â
Viruses |
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True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
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| 1. |
Although viruses do not consist of cells, biologists consider them to be living because they are capable of reproduction.
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| 2. |
Wendell Stanley made the important discovery that viruses are not cellular.
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| 3. |
Viruses consist of RNA or DNA surrounded by a coat of protein.
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| 4. |
Prions are the smallest known particles that are able to replicate.
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| 5. |
A virus can only reproduce by controlling a cell.
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| 6. |
People can contract the influenza virus more than once because the virus tends to mutate rapidly, avoiding the actions of the immune system.
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| 7. |
Smallpox is caused by bacteria.
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| 8. |
Chickenpox and shingles are caused by the same virus.
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| 9. |
The viruses that have been linked to human cancers are usually transmitted through the air.
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Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
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| 10. |
The protein coat of a virus is called a(n) ____________________.
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| 11. |
Most viruses occur in the shape of a(n) ____________________ or a(n) ____________________.
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| 12. |
A virus that transcribes DNA from an RNA template is called a(n) ____________________.
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| 13. |
An enzyme called ____________________ manufactures DNA that is complementary to a virus’s RNA.
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| 14. |
____________________ are bacterial viruses with a polyhedral head and a helical tail.
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| 15. |
All viruses reproduce by taking over the reproductive machinery of a ____________________.
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| 16. |
Viruses that infect a host cell and have their nucleic acid replicated but do not harm the host cell are in a ____________________ cycle.
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| 17. |
A viral DNA molecule formed from an RNA virus is called a(n) ____________________.
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| 18. |
The virus that causes AIDS is called ____________________.
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| 19. |
Some viruses are thought to induce ____________________, a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell division.
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| 20. |
An example of an emerging virus is the ____________________ virus.
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Mammal Orders Solution
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| Â |
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Moss & Fern Puzzle Solution
| Plants that lack tubes to carry food and water are called nonvascular plants. These plants are also known as bryophytes. Most bryophytes are terrestrial and live in moist environments. Water is required so that the sperm can swim to the egg during fertilization. Bryophytes do not produce seeds, but instead produce spores to reproduce. These plants exhibit alternation of generations in their life cycle. Because these plants lack vascular tissue, they are small in height. Moss is one example of a bryophyte that grows like a lush, green carpet. The dominant stage in the moss life cycle is the gametophyte. Root like rhizoids attach each gametophyte to the soil but do not absorb water. Both male and female gametophytes exist. The sporophyte generation is attached to the top of the gametophyte. Mosses are called pioneer plants because they often are the first plants to re-enter a barren area. Mosses also help prevent soil erosion. Sphagnum, or peat moss, is harvested and burned as fuel in some countries. Liverworts and hornworts are nonvascular plants that also grow in moist, shady places. Liverworts have leaflike structures along a stem and lay close to the ground. Hornworts, like algae, have a single large chloroplast in each cell. Ferns are simple, vascular plants that also lack seeds and reproduce by spores. Tree ferns are the largest ferns. Most ferns have an underground stem called a rhizomes. New leaves of ferns are tightly coiled and are called fiddleheads. Mature fern leaves are called fronds. Spores are produced on the underside of fern fronds.
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