2nd Semester 37 - BIOLOGY JUNCTION

AP Lecture Guide 10 – Photosynthesis

AP Biology: Chapter 10

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

1. What role do autotrophs fill in the biosphere?

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2. Indicate the role of each structure within the leaf:

a. stomates _______________________________________________________________

b. mesophyll cells __________________________________________________________

c. thylakoid membranes _____________________________________________________

d. stroma _________________________________________________________________

3. What is the source of oxygen released from photosynthesis?

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4. In the overview of photosynthesis, indicate the most significant function of:

a. Light reaction ___________________________________________________________

b. Calvin cycle ____________________________________________________________

5. Light is a form of energy known as _____________________________________________

and visible light has a wavelength range of _______________________________________ .

6. Plant light receptors absorb _________________________________________ wavelengths

of light and reflect ___________________________________________wavelengths of light.

7. The porphyrin ring of chlorophyll contains the element ______________________________

and the role of the ring is to ___________________________________________________

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8. What does chlorophyll do when excited by photons? _______________________________

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9. Label the diagram and explain the difference between Photosystem I and Photosystem II.

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10. With 2 different colored pencils, follow the energy paths of both noncyclic and cyclic electron

flow in the diagram.

11. How does cyclic differ from noncyclic photophosphorylation?

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12. To generate ATP, chloroplasts rely on the ETC to _________________________________

and ATP is synthesized when: _________________________________________________

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13. Within the thylakoid membrane and stroma, indicate what happens to each of the following:

a. water __________________________________________________________________

b. high energy electrons _____________________________________________________

c. H+ ____________________________________________________________________

d. oxygen ________________________________________________________________

e. NADP+ ________________________________________________________________

f. ADP __________________________________________________________________

14. Where in the chloroplast is the H+ concentration highest? ___________________________

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15. What happens during carbon fixation? __________________________________________

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16. List the materials the plant uses during the Calvin cycle and the source of the materials.

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17. The products of the Calvin cycle are ____________________________________________

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18. What environmental and internal challenges have forced both C4 and CAM plants to evolve

alternatives to the photosynthesis system used by other plants?

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19. Why do high oxygen levels inhibit photosynthesis? ________________________________

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20. What happens during photorespiration and why is it considered bad for plants?

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21. What evolutionary adaptations to the Calvin cycle are seen in C4 plants like sugar cane?

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22. Draw a diagram to show the anatomical adaptations seen in C4 plants to accommodate their variation on the Calvin cycle.

23. What evolutionary adaptation to the Calvin cycle is seen in CAM plants like cacti?

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AP Lecture Guide 29-30 – Plant Diversity

AP Biology: CHAPTER 29 & 30- PLANT DIVERSITY

1. Chart the four phyla of the plant kingdom. Include common names of each, the approximate

number of extant species, and the major characteristics.

a. _______________________________________________________________________

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b. _______________________________________________________________________

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c. _______________________________________________________________________

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d. _______________________________________________________________________

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2. Why are Charophyceans thought to be ancestors of land plants?

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3. List several adaptations of land plants significant for terrestrial survival.

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4. Label the generic diagram to explain Alternation of Generations.

5. Describe a few features common to Bryophytes.

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6. What is the dominant phase of the moss life cycle?

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7. List a couple of adaptations of Pteridophytes (ferns) not seen in Bryophytes.

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8. What is the dominant phase of the fern life cycle? _________________________________

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9. How is the reduced gametophyte an adaptation for seeded plants?

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10. What is the significance of the seed? ___________________________________________

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11. What was the advantage of pollen? _____________________________________________

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12. List the four phyla of gymnosperms. Which is the most common? _____________________

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13. Identify five differences between monocots and dicots.

a. _______________________________________________________________________

b. _______________________________________________________________________

c. _______________________________________________________________________

d. _______________________________________________________________________

e. _______________________________________________________________________

14. What is the adaptive value of the flower to plants? _________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

15. Describe the role of ovaries and ovules in the flowering plants.

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16. List several features of angiosperms that aid in seed dispersal.

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AP Plant Study Guide-8b

Unit 8B – Plants

Know the following:

water potential of a turgid plant cell in pure water
adaptations of hydrophytes
what occurs if guard & surrounding epidermal cells are K+ deficient
how stomata are opened & closed
what must the plant expend for bulk flow of water in the root apoplast
which part of an oat seedling detects the direction of light
effect of gibberellins on the aleurone layer of seeds
how plant hormones determine the bending of plants toward light
what hormone might produce normal growth in a mutant dwarf plant
what can function as a sink in plants
why does photosynthesis decrease in wilting leaves
what are epiphytes
what is chlorosis
what soil characteristics would be the least productive to plant growth
what happens to most water taken up by a plant
how solutes move in plants according to the pressure-flow hypothesis of phloem transport
what causes guttation to occur
why does most of the water in xylem move upward in a tree
what property of water causes cohesion of its molecules
function of companion cells
what 2 elements make up most of the dry weight of plants
what could be the harmful effect of spraying a fungicide on a woodlot
what do carnivorous plants supplement by eating insects
why is nitrogen fixation so important
what would be characteristics of soil well suited for plant growth
what is the function of micronutrients in plants
what elements are micronutrients needed by plants
what elements are macronutrients needed by plants
what is meant by double fertilization
what are some “vegetables” that technically are fruits
why is sexual reproduction an advantage to plants
what is the megaspore mother cell & what does it do
what do male gametophytes produce in plants
name 4 flower parts that are modified leaves
what is the function of a seed’s radicle
what forms pollen on a plant
what do the 2 sperm nuclei fertilize in plants
what causes seed germination
what floral parts are involved in pollination & fertilization
what things can function in signal transduction in plants
what is needed by a short-day plant for it to flower
what type of tropism do vines use to grow toward tropical trees
why do plants use changes in photoperiods instead of air temperature changes to trigger dormancy
what is needed to get poinsettias to bloom early in December
do plant hormones act the same on all root & stem tissues
what hormone is involved in the rapid opening & closing of stomata
what effect do auxins have on stem cuttings that are to be rooted

Help! Aliens have landed on Earth from another planet. Before scientists can release the aliens, they want to identify and classify them. Use the dichotomous key on the next page to identify these creatures.

1.	2.	3.	4.	5.
6.	7.	8.	9.	10.
11.	12.	13.	14.	15.
16.	17.	18.	19.	20.

A Key to Alien Creatures:

1.	a. The creature has a large wide head…………………………………….go to 2
b. The creature has a small narrow head……………………………….go to 11
2.	a. It has 3 eyes ……………………………………………………………………………..go to 3
b. It has 2 eyes …………………………………………………………………………….go to 7
3.	a. There is a star in the middle of its chest………………………….go to 4
b. There is no star in the middle of its chest ………………………go to 6
4.	a. The creature has hair spikes ………………………………………..Broadus hairus
b. The creature has no hair spikes…………………………………………..go to 5
5.	a. The bottom of the creature is arch-shaped ……………Broadus archus
b. The bottom of the creature is M-shaped ……………….Broadus emmus
6.	a. The creature has an arch-shaped bottom ……………….Broadus plainus
b. The creature has an M-shaped bottom……………………Broadus tritops
7.	a. The creature has hairy spikes ……………………………………………go to 8
b. The creature has no spikes…………………………………………………go to 10
8.	a. There is a star in the middle of its body ………………..Broadus hairystarus
b. The is no star in the middle of its body ………………………..go to 9
9.	a. The creature has an arch shaped bottom ……………….Broadus hairyemmus
b. The creature has an M shaped bottom ……………………Broadus kiferus
10.	a. The body is symmetrical ………………………………………………Broadus walter
b. The body is not symmetrical……………………………………….Broadus anderson
11.	a. The creature has no antennae ……………………………………….go to 12
b. The creature has antennae …………………………………………….go to 14
12.	a. There are spikes on the face ………………………………….Narrowus wolfus
b. There are no spikes on the face ………………………………….go to 13
13.	a. The creature has no spike anywhere ……………………Narrowus blankus
b. There are spikes on the right leg ………………………..Narrowus starboardus
14.	a. The creature has 2 eyes…………………………………………………go to 15
b. The creature has 1 eye……………………………………………Narrowus cyclops
15.	a. The creature has a mouth……………………………………………..go to 16
b. The creature has no mouth…………………………………………..go to 17
16.	a. There are spikes on the left leg ………………………..Narrowus portus
b. There are no spikes at all ………………………………….Narrowus plainus
17.	a. The creature has spikes ………………………………………………go to 18
b. The creature has no spikes ……………………………..Narrowus georginia
18.	a. There are spikes on the head …………………………………..go to 19
b. There are spikes on the right leg……………………..Narrowus montanian
19.	a. There are spikes covering the face ……………….Narrowus beardus
b. There are spikes only on the outside edge of head ……Narrowus fuzzus