AP Biology: CHAPTER 4
CARBON & THE MOLECULAR DIVERSITY OF LIFE
1. Define organic chemistry.
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2. What are the major groups of organic compounds studied in biology?
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3. Describe some of the shapes of carbon skeletons.
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4. Define the following:
a. Isotopes ________________________________________________________________
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b. Geometric isotopes ________________________________________________________
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c. Enantiomers _____________________________________________________________
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5. Why are enantiomers of biological interest?
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6. What is the significance of functional groups?
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7. For each of the functional groups, complete the chart:
| Group | Formula | Properties |
| Hydroxyl | .. | . |
| Carbonyl | .. | aldehyde |
| Carbonyl | . | ketone |
| Carboxyl | . | . |
| Amino | . | . |
| Sulfhydryl | . | . |
| Phosphate | . | . |



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