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Introduction to Animals Worksheet

Introduction to Animals Worksheet

Circle the correct response.

1. Animals are [ heterotrophs / autotrophs ]

2. [ All / Most ] animals are multicellular.

3. The cells in the skin of your hand are [ bigger than / the same size as ] the cells in your heart.

4. Organisms that have 2 copies of each chromosome are [mobile / diploid ]

5. The absence of a cell wall allows animals [ mobility / diploidy ]

6. A hollow ball of cells that forms after fertilization is called a [ blastula / mesoderm ]

7. In all animals except [ humans / sponges ] a zygote undergoes divisions to become a blastula.

8. The cells of animals are organized into functional units called [ blastula / tissues ]

Matching:

 

9. ______ Ectoderm a. lining of the digestive tract, digestive organs

 

10. ______ Mesoderm b. outer layer of skin and sense organs

 

11. ______ Endoderm c. most of the skeleton, muscles Match the body plan to its description
12. ______ radial d. body that is irregular shaped

 

13. ______ bilateral e. has a distinct right and left half

 

14. ______asymmetry f. body parts arranged around a central axis, like the spokes of a bicycle wheel

 

 

What symmetry do these animals have?

15. ______________

16. ____________________  

17. Segmented animals are constructed from a series of repeating units called [segments /vertebrates]

18. Evidence of segmentation in human beings can be seen in the [ skin / backbone ]

Match the name of the Phylum to the organism:

 

a. vertebrates

b. segmented worms

c. flatworms

d. jellyfish

e. sea stars

f. sponges

g. clams

h. roundworms

i. insects

19. _____ Cnidaria

20. ______ Mollusca

21. _____ Annelida

22. _____ Chordata

23. ______Nematoda

24. ______Platyhelminthes

25. ______ Porifera

26. ______Arthopoda

27. ______Echinodermata

 

 

 

Animal Body Systems

For each term below, indicate what body system it relates to. Body Systems

 

28. Gastrovascular Cavity ___________________________

29. Ganglia ____________________________

30. Hermaphrodite ____________________________

31. Blood vessels ____________________________

32. Exoskeleton ____________________________

33. Gills
____________________________

34. Anus
____________________________

35. Nerve Net ____________________________

36. Hydrostatic ____________________________

37. Gametes ____________________________

38. Flame cells
____________________________

39. radula
____________________________

40. trachea & spiracles
___________________________

Circulatory

Excretory

Reproductive

Support (skeletal)

Nervous

Respiration

Digestive

 

 

 

Revised from : www.biologycorner.com

 

Introduction to Plants PPT Questions

Introduction to Plants
ppt Questions

Early Ancestors

1. The first habitat for plants on earth was _____________.

2. Which algal group is most related to early land plants?

3. What is this group of algae called?

4. List 5 similarities between algae and terrestrial plants.

     a.

     b.

     c.

     d.

     e.

5. List 5 helpful adaptations aquatic plants have by being surrounded by water.

     a.

     b.

     c.

     d.

     e.

6.Complete the following table explaining how terrestrial plants solved the move onto land.

 

Plant Adaptations to land
Problems: Solutions:
Need Minerals
Gravity
Increase in Height to get Light
Adaptations for drier environment
Reproduction

 

How Are Plants All Alike

7. All plants are ____________________.

8. Plants can make their own food by a process called ____________________.

9. Since plants make their own food they are called _________________.

10. Plants contain what type of chlorophyll?

11. Where is chlorophyll found in plants?

12. What surrounds the outside of all plant cells and what is it composed of?

13. How do plants store their reserve food?

14. The life cycle of plants is known as __________________ of _________________.

15. The dominant stage of the plant is the diploid (2n) ________________ stage.

16. The eggs and sperm are produced during the haploid (1n) ________________ stage.

17. The gametophyte stage produces a multicellular plant ______________ that is protected inside an ____________ ___________.

18. The sporophyte stage produces _____________ by _____________.

19. Haploid spores undergo ______________ to produce the _______________ stage.

20. The gametophyte stage makes _____________ called the _________ and ___________.

21. Label the diagram of alternation of generation. Include the sporophyte and gametophyte generations, the chromosome number (2n or 1n), and where mitosis and meiosis occur.

Plant Divisions

22. Plants are divided into __________ groups based on the presence or absence of an ___________ _____________ ___________ for carrying water and dissolved _____________.

23. What is the transport system for water and minerals called?

24. ______________ plants lack vascular tissue and are called _______________.

25. In what type of environment must nonvascular plants live?

26. Give an example of a bryophyte.

27. Nonvascular plants can’t grow as tall as vascular plants. Explain why.

 

28. The cells of nonvascular plants must be in _________ contact with water because water moves by _______________ from cell to cell.

29. How does the sperm get to the egg in nonvascular plants?

30. Name 3 divisions of nonvascular plants and give and organism found in each division.

     a.

     b.

     c.

31.Vascular plants are also called _______________.

32. What are the 2 subdivisions of vascular plants?

     

33. Name 4 divisions of seedless vascular plants and give an example of a plant in each group.

     a.

     b.

     c.

     d.

34. Name the 2 groups of seed-bearing vascular plants.

 

35. Gymnosperms have ____________ seeds found inside cones.

36. Angiosperms have ___________ to attract ____________ so seeds can be produced.

37. Name the division known as conifers and tell several plants in this group/

 

38. Name 2 other divisions of gymnosperms and tell a plant in each group.

     a.

     b.

39. Name the oldest living plant.

40. Name the tallest living plant.

41. What group are these 2 plants in?

42. Angiosperms are called ____________ plants.

43. How are seeds formed in angiosperms?

 

44. Where is the ovary found?

45. Name the male and female parts of a flower.

46. How are fruits formed?

47. Angiosperms are the division ______________.

48. What are the 2 subgroups of Anthophyta.

49. Describe the characteristics of monocots.

 

50. Describe the characteristics of dicots.

 

 

 

 

Homeostasis Worksheet Ch5 BI

 

Homeostasis & Transport

 

Section 5-1 Passive Transport

1. What is the purpose of the cell membrane?

2. Explain passive transport.

3. What is the simplest type of passive transport?

4. In which direction does diffusion occur?

5. What is a concentration gradient?

6. Sugar dissolving in water is an example of _______________________.

7. What supplies the energy for diffusion?

8. Molecules are constantly _____________________.

9. What is meant by equilibrium?

10. Do molecules stop moving when equilibrium is reached? Explain.

11. List three things that determine if a molecule will be able to diffuse across a membrane.

12. Name the 2 parts of a solution.

13. Define osmosis. Is it passive or active transport?

14. The direction water moves across a cell membrane depends on the concentration of what on either side of the cell membrane?

15. Explain what is true about solutes if the outside of the cell is hypotonic to the cytosol? Which way does water move?

16. Explain the solute conditions if the outside is hypertonic to the cytosol. Which way does water move?

17. What occurs if the solute concentration on each side of the cell membrane is isotonic?

18. If the inside & outside of a cell are both isotonic, does water still move across the cell membrane? Explain.

19. If the inside of the cell is hypotonic, the outside will be _________________________.

20. Water tends to diffuse from ____________________ to ___________________ solutions.

21. How does a unicellular paramecium get rid of its excess water? Is energy used?

22. Many cells in multicellular organisms have _________________ pumps to prevent them from taking in too much water in hypotonic solutions.

23. What structure around the outside of plant cells keeps hem from rupturing from too much water?

24. What is turgor pressure & how does it help plant cells?

25. What happens to plant cells placed in a hypertonic solution? Name this process.

26. What is cytolysis & what causes it?

27. Another type of passive transport is __________________________ diffusion.

28. Explain how carrier proteins help in facilitated.

29. Sketch the changes that take place in a carrier protein as it helps molecules move across the cell membrane.

30. What sugar moves across the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion?

31. What are ion channels & are they used in passive or active transport?

32. Name 4 ions that cross the cell membrane through ion channels.

33. Why can’t these ions diffuse across the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane?

34. Ion channels may be always ________________ or have ___________________.

35. Name 3 stimuli that open & close gated channels.

Section 5-2 Active Transport

36. Define active transport.

37. Why are carrier proteins in the cell membrane that are used for active transport called “pumps”?

38. What is the best-known carrier protein pump in animal cells?

39. What 2 ions move up their concentration gradient in this pump?

40. ___________________ ions are pumped out, while ______________ ions are pumped into the cell.

41. Is energy required for active transport? Explain.

42. Sodium ions are exchanged for potassium ions at a ____________ to ____________ ratio.

43. Name 2 processes used to move macromolecules & food particles across the cell membrane. Is energy required?

44. Explain how cells move large particles into the cell by endocytosis.

45. Name & describe the 2 types of endocytosis.

46. How do phagocytes protect cells?

47. What process moves large materials such as wastes & proteins out of the cell?

BACK

 

How Surface Area to Volume Ratio Limits Cell Size

 

How Surface Area to Volume Ratio Limits Cell Size

  1. A cell is a metabolic compartment where a multitude of chemical reactions occur.
  2. The number of reactions increase as the volume of metabolic volume within a cell increases. (The larger the volume the larger the number of reactions)
  3. 3.All raw materials necessary for metabolism can enter the cell only through its cell membrane.
  4. The greater the surface area the larger the amount of raw materials that can enter at only one time.
  5. Each unit of volume requires a specific amount of surface area to supply its metabolism with raw materials. The amount of surface area available to each unit of volume varies with the size of a cell.
  6. As a cell grows its SA/V decreases.
  7. At some point in its growth its SA/V becomes so small that its surface area is too small to supply its raw materials to its volume. At this point the cell cannot get larger.

 

 

Human Hand Adaptations

 

Human Hand Adaptation

Introduction:        Living things have bodies that are adapted for the places they live and the things they do. Fish have gills so that they can remove oxygen that is dissolved in water. Most plants have green leaves which contain chlorophyll so that they can make food. Jellyfish have stinging cells to capture prey. Birds have hollow spongy bones so that they will be light enough to fly. Arctic animals have layers of fat and thick coats of fur to keep warm in the frigid Arctic climate. There are hundreds of examples of ways that organisms are adapted for a successful lifestyle.       Humans, too, are adapted for the things they do. One of our adaptations is our hand. Humans, as well as monkeys, gorillas, and other primates, have a hand that can grasp objects. We are able to grasp objects because of our opposable thumb. When students first hear or read about the opposable thumb during discussions of human evolution, they may perceive it as an anatomical fact with little seeming importance. In this activity, students will discover which of their simplest daily activities are possible only because of their opposable thumbs, which activities take longer without the use of an opposable thumb, and what sort of human activities would not be likely in the absence of an opposable thumb.   In this lab exercise, you will perform several common actions. Then you will change your hand so that it resembles that of a non-primate animal. You will determine whether or not you can successfully perform the same actions. This will demonstrate how the human hand is adapted for the actions it performs. You will work with a partner to do this exercise.   Materials: (per group)

  • masking tape
  • scissors
  • paper clips
  • zip-lock storage bag
  • plastic fork and knife
  • small amounts of food items to be cut
  • pencil
  • jar with screw-on lid
  • paper
  • roll of tape
  • balloons
  • comb
  • book
  • lace-up shoe
  • clock with a second hand
  • Piece of yarn or string
  • balloon
  • clothes with zippers & buttons

Procedure: Using masking tape, have your partner tightly tape each of your thumbs to the palm of the hand. Then, try to complete the tasks that are listed below. Be careful not to use your thumbs. Have your partner record on your data table how long it takes to do each task with your thumb taped and then with your thumb free. If an activity takes longer than 2 minutes, record the event as unsuccessful . After completing each item, write out the answers to the following questions:

  • Is the task more difficult with or without an opposable thumb?
  • How did you have to change your usual technique in order to complete this task?
  • Do you think organisms without opposable thumbs would carry out this task on a regular basis? Why or why not?

Tasks:

  1. Pick up a single piece of paper. Put it down on your desk.
  2. Pick up a pen or pencil from the table top. Use it to write your name on the piece of paper.
  3. Open a book. Turn single pages in the book.
  4. Unscrew a bottle cap or jar cover.
  5. Use a fork and knife to cut a food item into small pieces.
  6. Tear off a small piece of tape.
  7. Turn on the water faucet. (Complete activity #8!) Turn it off.
  8. Moisten a paper towel and wash and dry the desktop.
  9. Sharpen a pencil.
  10. Cut a circle out of a piece of paper using scissors.
  11. Pick up all the scraps from activity #10 and throw them into the recycling box.
  12. Comb your hair.
  13. Open a door.
  14. Pick up one paper clip. Clip a pile of papers together.
  15. Tie your shoelaces.
  16. Button several buttons.
  17. Zip up your jacket.
  18. Blow up a balloon and tie it.
  19. Tie a knot in a piece of string.
  20. Close a zip-lock bag.

Data:

Table 1 – Time It Took To Perform Various Tasks

 

Task Time Taken for Event: Task Difficulty With Taped Thumb
(More/Less)		 Modification Made to complete Task
Thumb Free Thumb Taped
Pick up paper
Write name
Turn book pages
Open jar
Use knife & fork
Tear off tape
Turn faucet on & off
Clean desk top
Sharpen a pencil
Cut out a circle
Pick up the scraps of paper
Comb hair
Open door
Clip papers together
Tie shoelaces
Button & unbutton garment
Use zipper
Blow up & tie balloon
Knot string
Close zip-lock bag

Conclusion:   1. Explain why dog and cat paws are not adapted for doing the six actions you tested.     2. What are cat and dog paws adapted for?     3. Describe how your hand is adapted for doing the actions you tested.       4. You have an opposable thumb. Explain what this means.     5. Why do you feel that human hand adaptations have helped to make humans such a successful species on earth?