Cells and Their Functions

Name: 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

The smallest unit that can carry out all activities we associate with life is:

What characteristic of cells could be used to determine the presence or absence of life?

Which of the following is not found in single celled organisms?

Evidence that all living cells have a common origin is provided by:

As biologists continue to unlock the secrets of ________, many new doors are opening to development of medical treatments.

The function of the plasma membrane is to:

It is advantageous for cells to be small because:

Figure 04-01
Use the figure below to answer the corresponding questions.

Which of the following statements about Figure 04-01 is true?

Based on your knowledge of basic geometric relationships, the actual surface area to volume ratio for Figure B in Figure 04-01 is:

One strategy that allows larger cells to have an effective surface area to volume ratio is:

Which of the following is not an example of homeostasis?

Which of the following descriptions or structures does not match the cell type?

Which scientist first viewed living cells?

The ratio of the size of the image seen with the microscope to the actual size of the object is:

Electron microscopes have a much higher resolution than either the human eye or any light microscope because:

The advantage of studying cells using a phase contrast microscope is that:

The accompanying figure is the product of a:

The scanning electron microscope differs from the transmission electron microscope in that the scanning electron microscope:

Differential centrifugation is a process that:

Which cell structure would not be in a eukaryotic cell, but would be found in a prokaryotic cell?

Membrane-bounded organelles facilitate faster chemical reactions because:

A eukaryotic cell:

Membranes facilitate all of the following except:

Which of the following structures would not be found in cells of a plant’s roots?

Select the cell type that is not correctly matched with the type of predominate organelle it would need to perform its unique function:

Which of the following structures or activities is not directly part of the endomembrane system?

DNA is associated with proteins, forming a complex known as:

In the classic experiments by Bracht and Hammerling, the nucleus of Acetabularia was removed, the cap was cut off, a nucleus of a different species was inserted, and the cap was allowed to regenerate. The new cap was then removed. After the second regeneration, the cap was observed, and the following conclusion was made:

Nucleoli contain chromosomal regions that specialize in making:

If a toxin, such as a bacterial toxin, destroys ribosomes, what cellular activity will be affected first?

Proteins made on ribosomes may be further modified within the:

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum:

Figure 04-02
Use the figure below to answer the corresponding questions.

The cellular structure indicated by the arrow in Figure 04-02 is responsible for:

Which of the following statements about the structure surrounded by the box in Figure 04-02 is true?

Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

Which of the following organelles plays an important role in apoptosis, or programmed cell death?

One function of peroxisomes involves the process of:

During an infection, white blood cells travel to the infected site and phagocytize the pathogens. After phagocytosis, primary lysosomes fuse with the phagocytic vesicle to form a larger vesicle called a secondary lysosome. The reason for this is:

All of the following functions are performed by plant vacuoles except:

The theory that chloroplasts and mitochondria had their evolutionary beginnings in eukaryotic cells as endosymbionts is supported by all of the following except:

A cellular structure found in plant but not animal cells is the:

Figure 04-03
Use the figure below to answer the corresponding questions.

Refer to Figure 04-03. The formation of ATP occurs in the portion of the chloroplast labeled:

The formation of carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water occurs in the portion of the chloroplast in Figure 04-03 labeled:

Which of the following is a key component of the cytoskeleton?

The force necessary to cause microtubules of cilia and flagella to slide alongside one another is provided through the action of _________ proteins, which derive the energy to perform their work directly from ______ molecules.

The structures in the micrograph could be:

Figure 04-04
Use the figure below to answer the corresponding questions.

The organelle featured in Figure 04-04:

The structures indicated by the arrows in Figure 04-04 are:

The main process that occurs at the site of the structures marked by arrows in Figure 04-04 is:

A single cell in a smoker’s lung has become cancerous. It doubles its DNA and divides much faster than a normal lung cell. The most likely change that would have caused this condition took place in the:

Cells have internal structures called organelles. Which is not a function of organelles?

Which of the following is not a cell covering or part of a cell covering?

The principle cell adhesion molecules in vertebrates and in many invertebrates are cadherins. These are important in:

All of the following are functions of the cell membrane except:

Which of the following structures is composed of two layers of phospholipids associated with proteins integrated within or attached to these layers?

Phospholipids can form bilayer structures because of their:

Phospholipids can form bilayers because the molecules:

A key discovery that weakened the Davson-Danielli “sandwich” model of cell membranes was that:

Proposed the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane structure in 1972:

Which of the following is a typical component of eukaryotic cell membranes?

Cholesterol within membranes functions as a(an) ____________ through its interactions with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of phospholipids.

In a lipid bilayer, ___________ fatty acid tails face each other within the bilayer and form a region that excludes water.

Which of the following functions best explains the reason for the asymmetrically oriented structure of the proteins in the cell membrane?

Which of the following is not a function associated with membrane proteins?

Which of the following is not a function of the transmembrane proteins called aquaporins?

Catalysts are reusable. Enzymes are protein catalysts, and are reusable. Select the protein(s) below that is (are) not used up by the process carried out:

Integral proteins:

What is meant by the term “fluid mosaic model”?

A transmembrane protein differs from other membrane proteins because it:

Peripheral proteins are linked to either surface of the plasma membrane by:

Which of the following statements explaining the differences in number and types of peripheral proteins found on the inner and outer surfaces of cell membranes is correct?

Proteins that are destined to become associated with the inner surface of the plasma membrane are:

Biological membranes are normally permeable to:

A bottle of perfume is opened on the opposite side of the room and within minutes you begin to smell the perfume. This phenomenon is a classic example of:

Which of the following molecules is least likely to cross a cellular membrane by simple diffusion?

The passive movement of a substance along its concentration gradient is termed:

Simple diffusion may involve the movement of ______________________ through the plasma membrane down a concentration gradient.

The difference between dialysis and osmosis is that:

If the concentration of solutes in a cell is less than the concentration of solutes in the surrounding fluid, then the extracellular fluid is said to be:

The higher the concentration of solute in a solution, the _________ the effective water concentration and the ________ the osmotic pressure.

Figure 05-01
Use the figure below to answer the corresponding questions.

Which of the following statements about the red blood cells in Figure 05-01 Sample B is true?

Which of the following statements about the red blood cells in Figure 05-01 Sample A is true?

A patient who has had a severe hemorrhage accidentally receives a large transfusion of distilled water directly into a major blood vessel. You would expect this mistake to:

A plant cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:

Penicillin is toxic to certain dividing bacterial cells because it prevents cell wall formation, causing the cells to burst. This indicates that the bacteria live in:

A wilted flower placed in a vase of water for several hours became stiff and stood erect. When it was placed in a salt solution, it wilted. From this information we can say that the cells of the flower are:

Which of the following membrane activities does not require the expenditure of energy by the cell?

Facilitated diffusion:

A bacterium containing sodium ions at a concentration of 0.1 mM lives in a pond that contains sodium ions at 0.005 mM. Evidently, sodium ions are entering the cell by:

The energy-requiring movement of materials against a concentration gradient is termed:

Although glucose molecules constantly diffuse into a cell along their concentration gradient, equilibrium is never reached and glucose continues to enter the cell. This is a direct result of:

Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is true?

A person has a genetic disease that prevents the phospholipids in the plasma membrane of the white blood cells from freely fusing with the other membranes within the cell. How would this disease affect phagocytosis?

Which of the following are forms of carrier-mediated transport?

Which of the following describes how facilitated diffusion is powered?

Pinocytosis:

Receptor-mediated endocytosis:

A human white blood cell engulfs a bacterial cell by:

Select the receptor mediated endocytosis events that are in the correct (before, after) order:

In cells that are constantly involved in secretion, an equivalent amount of membrane must be returned to the interior of the cell for each vesicle that fuses with the plasma membrane; if this does not occur, then what would happen?

Figure 05-02
Use the figure below to answer the corresponding questions.

The process illustrated in Figure 05-02 is called:

The process illustrated in Figure 05-02 would most likely be used to transport:

One difference between tight junctions and desmosomes is that tight junctions:

Plasmodesmata of plant cells are functionally equivalent to ____________ of animal cells.

The structures in this figure:

Which of the following is not part of the process of cell signaling?

The process in which cells convert and amplify an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal:

In a signaling pathway, the second messenger is often: