| Nutritional Requirements of Animals |
| 1. | Compare the bioenergetics of animals when energy balance is positive and when it is negative. |
| 2. | Name the three nutrition needs that must be met by a nutritionally adequate diet. |
| 3. | Distinguish among undernourishment, overnourishment, and malnourishment. |
| 4. | Explain why fat hoarding may have provided a fitness advantage to our hunter-gatherer ancestors. |
| 5. | Explain the role of leptin in the regulation of fat storage and use. |
| 6. | Define essential nutrients and describe the four classes of essential nutrients. |
| 7. | Distinguish between water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins. |
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| Overview of Food Processing |
| 8. | Define and compare the four main stages of food processing. |
| 9. | Compare intracellular and extracellular digestion. |
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| The Mammalian Digestive System |
| 10. | Describe the common processes and structural components of the mammalian digestive system. |
| 11. | Name three functions of saliva. |
| 12. | Compare where and how the major types of macromolecules are digested and absorbed within the mammalian digestive system. |
| 13. | Explain why pepsin does not digest the stomach lining.Explain how the small intestine is specialized for digestion and absorption. |
| 14. | Explain how the small intestine is specialized for digestion and absorption. |
| 15. | Describe the major functions of the large intestine. |
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| Evolutionary Adaptations of Vertebrate Digestive Systems |
| 16. | Relate variations in dentition and length of the digestive system to the feeding strategies and diets of herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. |
| 17. | Describe the roles of symbiotic microorganisms in vertebrate digestion. |
