Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. |
| 1. | The smallest units of life in all living things are a. | cells. | c. | cytoplasm. | b. | mitochondria. | d. | Golgi apparatus. |
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| 2. | When the volume of a cell increases, its surface area a. | increases at the same rate. | b. | remains the same. | c. | increases at a faster rate. | d. | increases at a slower rate. |
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| 3. | Surface area is an important factor in limiting cell growth because a. | the cell can burst if the membrane becomes too large. | b. | materials cannot enter the cell if the surface is too large. | c. | the cell may become too large to take in enough food and to remove enough wastes. | d. | waste products cannot leave the cell if the cell is too small. |
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| 4. | The size to which a cell can grow is limited by its a. | location. | c. | function. | b. | structure. | d. | surface area. |
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| 5. | A cell that can change its shape would be well suited for a. | receiving and transmitting nerve impulses. | b. | covering the body surface. | c. | moving to different tissues through narrow openings. | d. | All of the above |
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| 6. | One difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that a. | nucleic acids are found only in prokaryotes. | b. | mitochondria are found in larger quantities in eukaryotes. | c. | the Golgi apparatus is found only in prokaryotes. | d. | prokaryotes have no nuclear membrane. |
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| 7. | Which of the following is characteristic of prokaryotes? a. | They have a nucleus. | b. | They existed on Earth before eukaryotes. | c. | The organelles in their cytoplasm are surrounded by membranes. | d. | None of the above |
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| 8. | Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic cell? a. | an amoeba | c. | a bacterium | b. | a virus | d. | a liver cell |
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| 9. | Only eukaryotic cells have a. | DNA. | c. | ribosomes. | b. | membrane-bound organelles. | d. | cytoplasm. |
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| 10. | Studying a picture of a cell taken with an electron microscope, you find that the cell has no nucleus and no mitochondria, but it does have a plasma membrane and a cell wall. You conclude that the cell is probably from a(n) a. | animal. | c. | prokaryote. | b. | plant. | d. | extinct organism. |
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| 11. | Plasma membranes a. | are part of only a small number of cells. | b. | contain genes. | c. | are made of DNA. | d. | are thin coverings that surround cells. |
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| 12. | The structure that regulates what enters and leaves the cell is called the a. | nucleus. | c. | nuclear membrane. | b. | cell wall. | d. | plasma membrane. |
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| 13. | The plasma membrane a. | encloses the contents of a cell. | b. | allows material to enter and leave the cell. | c. | is selectively permeable. | d. | All of the above |
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| 14. | A structure within a cell that performs a specific function is called a(n) a. | organelle. | c. | tissue. | b. | organ tissue. | d. | biocenter. |
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| 15. | A particularly active cell might contain large numbers of a. | chromosomes. | c. | mitochondria. | b. | vacuoles. | d. | walls. |
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| 16. | The Golgi apparatus is an organelle that a. | receives proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum. | b. | labels the molecules made in the endoplasmic reticulum with tags that specify their destination. | c. | releases molecules in vesicles. | d. | All of the above |
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| 17. | One important organelle that helps maintain homeostasis by moving supplies from one part of the cell to the other is the a. | endoplasmic reticulum. | c. | nucleus. | b. | mitochondrion. | d. | cytoplasm. |
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| 18. | In which of the following organelles is a cell’s ATP produced? a. | mitochondrion | c. | Golgi apparatus | b. | endoplasmic reticulum | d. | lysosome |
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| 19. | Numerous hairlike organelles that protrude from the surface of a cell and are packed in tight rows are called a. | flagella. | c. | actin filaments. | b. | microtubules. | d. | cilia. |
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| 20. | Proteins are made on the a. | mitochondria. | c. | nucleus. | b. | ribosomes. | d. | plasma membrane. |
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| 21. | The packaging and distribution center of the cell is the a. | nucleus. | c. | central vacuole. | b. | Golgi apparatus. | d. | nuclear envelope. |
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| 22. | The double membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the a. | nucleolus. | c. | nucleoplasm. | b. | nuclear wall. | d. | nuclear envelope. |
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| 23. | All cells have a. | a covering called a plasma membrane that surrounds the cell and controls what information and materials enter and leave it. | b. | an internal fluid that gives shape to the cell and supports the other things within it. | c. | either a central zone or a nucleus that contains the cell’s genes. | d. | All of the above |
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| 24. | cell : plasma membrane :: a. | nucleus : chromosome | b. | nucleus : nuclear envelope | c. | chromosome : DNA | d. | cell : DNA |
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| 25. | Refer to the illustration above. Which structure immediately identifies this cell as a eukaryote? a. | structure 1 | c. | structure 3 | b. | structure 2 | d. | structure 4 |
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| 26. | Refer to the illustration above. The cell uses structure 3 a. | to transport material from one part of the cell to another. | b. | to package proteins so they can be stored by the cell. | c. | as a receptor. | d. | to transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP. |
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| 27. | Refer to the illustration above. Structure 1 is a. | the endoplasmic reticulum. | b. | a Golgi apparatus. | c. | a mitochondrion. | d. | the nucleus. |
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| 28. | Refer to the illustration above. This cell’s chromosomes are found in a. | structure 1. | c. | structure 3. | b. | structure 2. | d. | structure 5. |
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| 29. | Refer to the illustration above. The cell shown is probably an animal cell because a. | it has mitochondria. | b. | it does not have a cell wall. | c. | it has a plasma membrane. | d. | it does not have a nucleus. |
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| 30. | All of the following are found in both plant and animal cells, except a. | a cell wall. | c. | mitochondria. | b. | a plasma membrane. | d. | the endoplasmic reticulum. |
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| 31. | How are chloroplasts like mitochondria? a. | They can both use energy from sunlight. | b. | They look alike. | c. | They both contain DNA. | d. | They are both found in animal cells. |
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| 32. | The organelles associated with photosynthesis are the a. | mitochondria. | c. | Golgi apparatus. | b. | chloroplasts. | d. | vacuoles. |
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| 33. | The organelles in plant cells that contain a green pigment are the a. | mitochondria. | c. | chloroplasts. | b. | bilayer lipids. | d. | Golgi apparatus. |
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| 34. | Plant cells have a large membrane-bound space in which water, waste products, and nutrients are stored. This place is known as a a. | mitochondrion. | c. | Golgi apparatus. | b. | chloroplast. | d. | central vacuole. |
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| 35. | Which of the following pairs contains unrelated items? a. | eukaryote–amoeba | c. | cell wall–animal cell | b. | ribosomes–protein | d. | mitochondria–energy |
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| 36. | Plant cells a. | do not contain mitochondria. | b. | have a cell wall instead of a plasma membrane. | c. | have a large central vacuole instead of a Golgi apparatus. | d. | have chloroplasts and a cell wall. |
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| 37. | Which of the following is the correct order of organization of structures in living things, from simplest to most complex? a. | organ systems, organs, tissues, cells | b. | tissues, cells, organs, organ systems | c. | cells, tissues, organ systems, organs | d. | cells, tissues, organs, organ systems |
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| 38. | As a result of diffusion, the concentration of many types of substances a. | always remains greater inside a membrane. | b. | eventually becomes balanced on both sides of a membrane. | c. | always remains greater on the outside of a membrane. | d. | becomes imbalanced on both sides of a membrane. |
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| 39. | Refer to the illustration above. In which direction are water molecules in this system most likely to diffuse? a. | from 1 to 2 | c. | from 4 to 3 | b. | from 2 to 4 | d. | from 3 to 1 |
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| 40. | The dispersal of ink in a beaker of water is an example of a. | diffusion. | c. | active transport. | b. | osmosis. | d. | endocytosis. |
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| 41. | Sugar molecules can enter cells through the process of a. | exocytosis. | c. | osmosis. | b. | facilitated diffusion. | d. | ion pumps. |
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| 42. | Channels utilizing facilitated diffusion a. | work in two directions. | b. | require an electrical signal to function. | c. | Both a and b | d. | None of the above |
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| 43. | Which of the following is not characteristic of facilitated diffusion? a. | It requires a carrier protein. | b. | It moves substances against a concentration gradient. | c. | It requires no energy input. | d. | It involves a change in the shape of its carrier. |
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| 44. | Which of the following does not expend energy? a. | diffusion | c. | active transport | b. | endocytosis | d. | a sodium-potassium pump |
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| 45. | Which of the following enters a cell by active transport? a. | glucose | c. | lactose | b. | water | d. | potassium ion |
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| 46. | The process by which water passes into or out of a cell is called a. | solubility. | c. | selective transport. | b. | osmosis. | d. | endocytosis. |
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| 47. | The sodium-potassium pump usually pumps a. | potassium out of the cell. | b. | sodium into the cell. | c. | potassium into the cell. | d. | only a potassium and sugar molecule together. |
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| 48. | Ridding the cell of material by discharging it from sacs at the cell surface is called a. | pinocytosis. | c. | exocytosis. | b. | phagocytosis. | d. | endocytosis. |
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| 49. | Molecules that are too large to be moved across a cell membrane can be removed from the cell by a. | diffusion. | c. | lipid carriers. | b. | exocytosis. | d. | osmosis. |
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| 50. | Placing a plant into a hypertonic environment will a. | cause turgor pressure to increase. | b. | cause the plant to take in water. | c. | have no effect. | d. | cause turgor pressure to decrease. |
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