PCC Fungi Study Guide

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Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

All fungi are

Fungi do NOT

Fungi resemble plants in that they both always

A mushroom is a fungal

The tangled mass that makes up the body of a fungus is the

Fungal hyphae, shown in Figure 21–1, differ in that some lack

A circular arrangement of mushrooms sprouting from the same mycelium is known as a(an)

Most fungi reproduce

Stinkhorns, which mimic the odor of rotting meat, have spores that are dispersed by

When hyphae of opposite mating types meet, they first

Sporangia are found at the tops of specialized hyphae called

Which of the following processes is first to occur after the nuclei of opposite mating types fuse?

Dark fuzz that grows on bread is an example of

Rhizoids in molds are analagous to which structures on plants?

In bread mold, haploid gametes are produced by the

Which of the following ingredients is NOT added to bread dough in order to make it rise?

The dry, powdered yeast used to bake bread actually contains

Yeasts obtain energy by alcoholic fermentation in the absence of

Mushrooms are classified as

Which is responsible for the enlargement of fruiting bodies?

The common name for members of the phylum Basidiomycota is derived from the shape of their

Over time, nutrients at the center of a large underground mycelium become depleted, causing new mushrooms to sprout only

Each of the following is a basidiomycete EXCEPT

In basidiomycetes, the primary mycelia of different mating types fuse to form

Which statement about Penicillium is correct?

Penicillium is classified in phylum Deuteromycota because Penicillium has

Penicillium may have evolved from an ascomycete that lost its ability to carry out

An important role of fungi in an ecosystem is

The oldest fossil fungi on record belong to the phylum

Fungi that absorb food from decaying organic matter are

Fungi feed on

The breakdown of dead organisms is accelerated by the fungal production of

Which of the following statements about fungi is true?

Athlete’s foot is caused by the same fungus that causes

The growth of yeasts in moist regions of the body is kept in check by competition from

Crop damage by fungal diseases is

Which structures of the fungus Cordyceps digest tropical grasshoppers from the inside out?

Each of the following is true of wheat rust EXCEPT that it

The normal balance between bacteria and yeasts in the body can be upset by

Figure 21–2 illustrates an association of a(an)

Which of the following is NOT a single organism?

Which statement about lichens is correct?

The association of plants and fungi in mycorrhizae illustrates a type of relationship called

In a mycorrhizal relationship, what benefit does the plant get from the fungus?

Beneath the forest floor, carbon atoms can be moved from one tree to the next by

Which of the following is not a characteristic of fungi?

The cell walls of fungi are composed of:

Fungi can grow under all of the following conditions except:

Figure 25-01
Use the figure below to answer the corresponding questions.

In Figure 25-01, the structure labeled 1 is:

In Figure 25-01, the fungus illustrated in Figure A is:

An example of a unicellular fungus is:

A ____________ is a filament that makes up the vegetative body of most fungi.

Which group of fungi have hyphae that are multinucleate and not divided by septa?

A ____________ is a tangled mat of hyphae.

The club fungi typically reproduce by producing:

Most fungal spores are ____________ reproductive cells that are produced ________________________.

In a fungus, a complex multicellular reproductive structure is called:

What makes up most of the mass of an individual mushroom?

Dikaryotic cells are denoted as:

Members of phylum ____________ are the most primitive of the fungi and were previously classified as protists.

One ancestral characteristic remaining in representatives of the Chytridiomycetes is:

An example of a member of phylum Zygomycota is:

When bread gets moldy with visible black or blue spots, you are looking at masses of the colored:

Black bread mold is ___________________, which means that it is self-sterile.

Reproduction in the black bread mold occurs between ___________________ hyphae.

An example of a member of phylum Ascomycota is:

The sac fungi are characterized by sexual reproductive structures called:

Asexual reproduction in sac fungi involves production of spores called:

Figure 25-02
Use the figure below to answer the corresponding questions.

In Figure 25-02, the structure labeled 11 is:

The process occurring at point 3 in Figure 25-02 is:

The structure labeled 9 in Figure 25-02 was produced by:

An example of a plant disease caused by a basiodiomycete is:

In a mushroom, the primary mycelium is composed of ______________ cells.

Puffballs and bracket fungi are most closely related to:

Lichens are most typically formed by the symbiotic association of an alga or cyanobacterium and:

Lichens reproduce primarily asexually by ____________, which are fragments of the body of the lichen.

Which of the following organisms typically grows most slowly?

Which of the following is not produced utilizing fungi?

Claviceps purpurea produces _______________, which infests grain and has been important in many historical events, as ingestion of infested grain milled into flour can cause hallucinations and even death.

Fungi parasitic on plants produce specialized hyphae, called ____________, that penetrate the host.

A basidiomycete that infests wheat is the wheat:

Which is not a fungal infection in humans?

Examples of plant disease caused by an ascomycete are:

______________________ is a common chytridiomycete, which exhibits alternation of generation.

Which one of the following is mismatched?

The characteristic brown, blue-green, pink, or other tints of ascomycetes are due to the color of their__________.

Yeasts reproduce asexually by:

Which one of the following statements is true?

Which one of the following is mismatched?

Mushrooms that we eat are technically referred to as:

Color pigments produced by __________________ are used to dye woolens and litmus.

Reduction in ____________________ growth is used as a sensitive indicator of air pollution.

Mycorrhiza is an example of ________________.

Mycorrhizae benefits plants by:

____________________ cause enormous economic losses by decaying wood, both living trees and stored lumber.

Consuming even a single mushroom of the genus _______________ can be fatal.

_________________ is a fungal chemical that shows promise as an anticancer agent.

Ergot compounds, produced by _____________________, are used as drugs to induce labor and to stop uterine bleeding.