AP Lecture Guide 20 – DNA Technology

AP Biology: Chapter 20

DNA TECHNOLOGY

1. Define biotechnology.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

2. What is meant by “recombinant DNA technology?”

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

3. List some of the organisms we have been modifying for many hundreds of years.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

4. Why are bacteria ideal workhorses for biotechnology?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

5. What are other organisms used in biotechnology?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

6. How does gene cloning differ from human cloning?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

7. Why is DNA cloning considered an important technology?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

8. What are plasmids?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

9. What is the function of restriction enzymes in bacteria?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

10. How do bacteria protect their DNA from the effects of the restriction enzymes?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

11. How do biologists make use of restriction enzymes?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

12. What is a genomic library?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

13. How is cDNA different from typical eukaryote DNA?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

14. Describe the steps involved in cloning a gene.

 

 

15. How can transformed bacteria that carry genes of interest be identified and isolated from the majority of non-transformed bacteria?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

16. What can be accomplished with Nucleic Acid Hybridization?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

17. What is the purpose of the Polymerase Chain Reaction?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

18. List some advantages & uses of the PCR technique.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

19. How are DNA fragments of different sizes separated?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

20. What is a RFLP? How are they made?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

21. What does the technique of Southern Blotting accomplish?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

22. What are some other techniques that build on the Southern Blotting technique?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

23. What was the goal of the Human Genome Project?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

24. List some of the most important things we learned by completing the Human Genome Project.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

25. What is the Sanger Sequencing Method used for?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

26. How does the shot-gun approach differ from the whole-genome sequencing?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

27. In the future, DNA chips may be used for regular diagnostics. What do the florescent spots indicate when the chip is read?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

28. How can DNA technology be used to diagnose a carrier of a genetic disorder?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

29. What is the goal of gene therapy?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

30. How has forensics made use of DNA technology? Give a specific example.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

31. What is currently used by the FBI to do a DNA fingerprint in a criminal investigation?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

32. What technique has been used to modify agricultural plants?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

33. List a few of the traits that have been engineered into agricultural plants? Could any of these

pose an environmental threat?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________