| AP Biology: CHAPTER 22- DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION
1. Identify the three significant historical themes that set the stage for Darwinian evolutionary theory. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 2. What were the two major points made in The Origin of Species? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 3. What were the conventional paradigms in the 1800’s when Darwin developed his theories? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 4. What was the contribution of Carolus Linnaeus to the evolutionary theories? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 5. How did the study of fossils help Darwin shape his theories? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 6. How did geological gradualism and uniformitarianism influence Darwin? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 7. Identify the two principles of Lamarck’s theory of evolution. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 8. How did the observations during his voyage on the Beagle influence Darwin’s theories? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 9. Why were the Galápagos Islands so important to Darwin’s observations? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 10. What are the elements for the formation of new species? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 11. What is the driving force behind the evolution of the 14 species of finches on the Galapagos? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 12. What was Wallace’s role in the Theory of Natural Selection? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 13. What were the main points of The Origin of Species? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 14. Define Descent with Modification. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 15. How does the “tree analogy” represent the evolutionary relationships of creatures? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 16. Summarize the observations and inferences recognized as the backbone of evolution by natural selection. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 17. Observations: a. ______________________________________________________________________ b. ______________________________________________________________________ c. ______________________________________________________________________ d. ______________________________________________________________________ e. ______________________________________________________________________ 18. Inferences: a. ______________________________________________________________________ b. ______________________________________________________________________ c. ______________________________________________________________________ 19. How did Darwin’s experience with artificial selection influence his theories of evolution? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 20. For each of the following, indicate how it is used as evidence of evolution by natural selection. a. Paleontology ____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ b. Biogeography ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ c. Resistance to insecticides _________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ d. Drug Resistance _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ e. Homology ______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ f. Homologous structures ___________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ g. Vestigial organs _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ h. Embryology ____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ i. Biochemical similarity _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________
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