| AP Biology: CHAPTER 24: THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES
1. Define the term species. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 2. How do the patterns of speciation differ? a. anagenesis _____________________________________________________________ b. cladogenesis ___________________________________________________________ 3. What is thought to be essential for the formation of distinct species rather than a continuum from one form of life to another? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 4. Define and give an example for each of the following barriers that cause isolation. a. prezygotic Barriers _______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ b. habitat Isolation _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ c. behavioral Isolation ______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ d. temporal Isolation ________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ e. mechanical isolation ______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ f. gamete isolation _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ g. postzygotic barriers ______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ h. hybrid inviability _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ i. hybrid sterility ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 5. Define the Modes of Speciation a. allopatric speciation ______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ b. sympatric speciation ______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 6. How does the antelope squirrel demonstrate allopatric speciation? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 7. What does the concept of “ring species” demonstrate? Give an example. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 8. How do island chains encourage adaptive radiation? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 9. What are the two intrinsic factors that result in sympatric speciation? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 10. How can polyploidy lead to speciation? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 11. Why are allopolyploid hybrids are usually sterile? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 12. What did Hugo de Vries discover in the evening primrose? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 13. What is thought to be the two factors demonstrating sympatric speciation in the cichlids of Lake Victoria, in East Africa? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 14. Compare gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 15. How does microevolution differ from macroevolution? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 16. Identify a couple of factors that could lead to the pattern of evolution we see as divergence? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 17. What does the Mollusk eye demonstrate? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 18. What does the evolution of the horse demonstrate? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 19. Define each of the following evolutionary trends: a. convergent evolution _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ b. analogous traits _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ c. parallel evolution ________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ d. co-evolution _____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________
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