Biology Junction Team - BIOLOGY JUNCTION

Flat and Roundworms Study Guide

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Flat and Roundworms Quiz

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Planarians can reproduce asexually by

a.	fission.	c.	producing polyps.
b.	forming larvae.	d.	exchanging both sperm and eggs.

Which of the following is not found in flatworms?

a.	an anterior end	c.	bilateral symmetry
b.	a circulatory system	d.	a nervous system

Flatworms have no need for circulatory and respiratory systems because

a.	the digestive system performs these functions.
b.	their cells are close to the animal’s exterior surface.
c.	the spherical body shape allows diffusion of materials into tissues.
d.	the coelom is bathed in blood and oxygen.

Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by a

a.	roundworm.	c.	cestode.
b.	trematode.	d.	planarian.

turbellarians : free-living ::

a.	planaria : parasitic	c.	cestodes : free-living
b.	tapeworms : free-living	d.	flukes : parasitic

Which of the following statements about tapeworms is false?

a.	They can infect a person who eats undercooked food.
b.	They belong to the genus Schistosoma.
c.	They can grow to be large in human intestines.
d.	They do not have a digestive system.

To which phylum do roundworms belong?

a.	Annelida	c.	Platyhelminthes
b.	Nematoda	d.	Arthropoda

Roundworms have a fluid-filled cavity called a

a.	coelom.	c.	digestive system.
b.	pseudocoelom.	d.	None of the above

Roundworms have a digestive tract with ____ opening(s).

a.	three	c.	one
b.	two	d.	no

10.

All of the following groups of invertebrates are coelomates except

a.	annelids.	c.	mollusks.
b.	echinoderms.	d.	nematodes.

11.

A roundworm’s digestive tract can be considered an advancement over a gastrovascular cavity because

a.	food moves through it in only one direction.
b.	different parts of the tract can carry out different functions.
c.	undigested wastes do not have to leave through the same opening where food is taken in.
d.	All of the above

12.

The nematode Ascaris lumbricoides infects humans, spending most of its adult life inside the intestines of its host. To be infected, a person must

a.	consume the nematode’s eggs.
b.	walk barefoot on infested soil.
c.	sit on an infested toilet seat.
d.	All of the above

13.

A type of roundworm that lives a parasitic life is

a.	Ascaris.	c.	Trichinella.
b.	Enterobius.	d.	All of the above

14.

A rotifer uses ____ to collect excess water in order to remove the water from the body.

a.	diffusion
b.	kidneys
c.	flame cells and excretory tubules
d.	a mastax

15.

Which of the following statements is not true?

a.	Most tapeworms are hermaphrodites.
b.	Planarians reproduce both sexually and asexually.
c.	Some rotifers reproduce by parthenogenesis.
d.	Because they are all parasitic, roundworms reproduce asexually.

16.

Tapeworms absorb food from the host through their

a.	scolex.	c.	suckers.
b.	tegument.	d.	None of the above

17.

Humans can avoid trichinosis by

a.	avoiding undercooked meat.
b.	avoiding public restrooms.
c.	wearing shoes outdoors.
d.	washing their hands frequently.

18.

Which of the following has a cloaca?

a.	a fluke	c.	a rotifer
b.	a nematode	d.	a tapeworm

19.

Parasitic flatworms

a.	probably evolved from free-living organisms.
b.	gave rise to free-living flatworms.
c.	have a gut with two openings.
d.	are found mostly in the class Turbellaria.

20.

Which of the following is not true about the planarian nervous system?

a.	It includes a ladderlike arrangement of nerves.
b.	It provides the ability to sense light intensity.
c.	It includes one ventral nerve cord.
d.	It provides the ability to learn.

Completion
Complete each statement.

21.

A schistosome is a member of the phylum ____________________.

22.

The ability of some animals, such as flatworms, to regrow lost parts of their bodies is called ____________________.

23.

Flatworms take up oxygen and release carbon dioxide by the process of ____________________, which occurs across the body surface of the animals.

24.

The ____________________ is a protective cellular covering of the bodies of endoparasitic flukes that prevents them from being digested by their hosts.

25.

____________________ are rectangular body sections of tapeworms.

26.

Roundworms are members of the phylum ____________________.

27.

Roundworms take in food through the mouth and eliminate wastes through an opening at the other end of the digestive tract called the ____________________.

28.

Organisms that feed by using cilia to sweep food into their mouths are called ____________________.

29.

____________________ are the simplest animals with bilateral symmetry.

30.

Concentration of sense organs at the anterior end can be observed in flatworms and is called ____________________.

31.

A planarian takes in food through the ____________________.

32.

The ____________________ is a noncellular layer that protects a roundworm.

33.

Being infected with ____________________ worms can cause a condition known as elephantiasis.

Essay

34.

A planarian cannot eat when food is already in its gut. Why? Write your answer in the space below.

Decimals, Fractions and Percentages

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Decimals, Fractions and Percentages

Decimals, Fractions and Percentages are just different ways of showing the same value:

A Half can be written…

As a fraction:	1/2
As a decimal:	0.5
As a percentage:	50%

A Quarter can be written…

As a fraction:	1/4
As a decimal:	0.25
As a percentage:	25%

Here, have a play with it yourself:

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Example Values

Here is a table of commonly occuring values shown in Percent, Decimal and Fraction form:

Percent	Decimal	Fraction
1%	0.01	1/100
5%	0.05	1/20
10%	0.1	1/10
12½%	0.125	1/8
20%	0.2	1/5
25%	0.25	1/4
331/3%	0.333…	1/3
50%	0.5	1/2
75%	0.75	3/4
80%	0.8	4/5
90%	0.9	9/10
99%	0.99	99/100
100%	1
125%	1.25	5/4
150%	1.5	3/2
200%	2

Conversions

From Percent to Decimal

To convert from percent to decimal: divide by 100, and remove the “%” sign.

The easiest way to divide by 100 is to move the decimal point 2 places to the left. So:

From Percent	To Decimal
		move the decimal point 2 places to the left, and remove the “%” sign.

From Decimal to Percent

To convert from decimal to percent: multiply by 100, and add a “%” sign.

The easiest way to multiply by 100 is to move the decimal point 2 places to the right. So:

From Decimal	To Percent
		move the decimal point 2 places to the right, and add the “%” sign.

From Fraction to Decimal

The easiest way to convert a fraction to a decimal is to divide the top number by the bottom number (divide the numerator by the denominator in mathematical language)

Example: Convert 2/5 to a decimal

Divide 2 by 5: 2 ÷ 5 = 0.4

Answer: 2/5 = 0.4

From Decimal to Fraction

To convert a decimal to a fraction needs a little more work.

Example: To convert 0.75 to a fraction

Steps	Example
First, write down the decimal “over” the number 1	0.75 / 1

Then multiply top and bottom by 10 for every number after the decimal point (10 for 1 number, 100 for 2 numbers, etc)	0.75 × 100 / 1 × 100
(This makes it a correctly formed fraction)	= 75 / 100
Then Simplify the fraction	3 / 4

From Fraction to Percentage

The easiest way to convert a fraction to a percentage is to divide the top number by the bottom number. then multiply the result by 100, and add the “%” sign.

Example: Convert 3/8 to a percentage

First divide 3 by 8: 3 ÷ 8 = 0.375,
Then multiply by 100: 0.375 x 100 = 37.5
Add the “%” sign: 37.5%

Answer: 3/8 = 37.5%

From Percentage to Fraction

To convert a percentage to a fraction, first convert to a decimal (divide by 100), then use the steps for converting decimal to fractions (like above).

Example: To convert 80% to a fraction

Steps	Example
Convert 80% to a decimal (=80/100):	0.8
Write down the decimal “over” the number 1	0.8 / 1

Then multiply top and bottom by 10 for every number after the decimal point (10 for 1 number, 100 for 2 numbers, etc)	0.8 × 10 / 1 × 10
(This makes it a correctly formed fraction)	= 8 / 10
Then Simplify the fraction	4 / 5

Quiz – Biochemistry

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	Biochemistry Quiz
	1. All of the following are carbohydrates EXCEPT: starch glycogen chitin cholesterol2. The structure contains which functional group aldehyde ketone amino carboxyl 3. Fatty acids that are unsaturated have: an amino group a double bond an excess of protons a carboxyl group 4. The structure below is a: monosaccharide disaccharide lipid polymer 5. Which of the following can have a quaternary structure? fatty acid protein polysaccharide DNA 6. An organic compound is one that: contains carbon is slightly acidic forms long chains is soluble in water 7. Which of the following elements is the LEAST abundant in living organisms? oxygen nitrogen phosphorous sodium 8. Which of the following is used in PET scans? uranium ions isotopes steroids 9. Carbon can form ___ separate bonds with other elements? 1 2 3 4 10. The cohesion of water is caused by: ionic bonds hydrophobic compounds hydrogen bonds covalent bonds Score = Correct answers:

1. Name this structure.
deoxynucleic acid
deoxyribonucleic acid
denatured ribonucleic acid
deoxoribonuclear acid2. The process by which RNA is made from DNA:
synthesis
translation
transcription
replication

3. Adenine always pairs with:
thymine
cytosine
guanine
ribose

4. The “rungs” of the DNA ladder are made of:
phosphates and hydrogen
glucose and sugars
sugars and phosphates
base pairs

5. The DNA molecule is held together by:
magnetism
glucose
glue
hydrogen bonds

6. The process by which DNA makes a copy of itself is called:
synthesis
replication
transcription
translation

7. A gene is:
a segment of DNA that codes for a protein
a set of homologous chromosomes
a molecule within DNA
a type of pants

8. The twisted ladder shape of DNA is called a:
hydrogen twist
deoxyribose flip
double helix
double membrane

9. The sugar found in DNA is:
equal
deoxyribose
ribose
glucose

10. Which of the following takes the genetic code to the cytoplasm:
DNA
deoxyribose
tRNA
mRNA

11. The three nucleotide sequence on RNA is called a:
tRNA
codon
triplet
gene

12. Three nucleotides code for:
1 amino acid
3 amino acids
1 protein
3 proteins

13. RNA differs from DNA in that:
it has a different kind of sugar
it is single stranded
it has uracil
all of these

14. DNA is called the “blueprint of life” because:
it is like a fingerprint
it has a blue color
it contains the plans for building an organism
it can relay messages to other molecules

15. The two men who established the structure of DNA were:

Frederick and Alvers
Watson and Crick
Berkely and Fry
Darwin and Lamarke

Score =
Correct answers:

Author: Biology Junction Team

Flat and Roundworms Study Guide

Decimals, Fractions and Percentages

Example Values

Conversions

From Percent to Decimal

From Decimal to Percent

From Fraction to Decimal

Example: Convert 2/5 to a decimal

From Decimal to Fraction

Example: To convert 0.75 to a fraction

From Fraction to Percentage

Example: Convert 3/8 to a percentage

From Percentage to Fraction

Example: To convert 80% to a fraction

Cell Quiz

Quiz – Biochemistry

DNA QUIZ

	Cells!
	1. The door to your house is like the ___ of a cell membrane? phospholipid bilayer gated channel receptor protein recognition protein 2. The phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane is like a(n): screen door plate glass window hot water heater oven 3. Facilitated diffusion ____ require energy and uses the help of ______ does, transport proteins does, cytoplasm does not, transport proteins does not, sodium pumps 4. A semi permeable membrane is stretched across a chamber filled with water. The membrane is only permeable to water. 60 mg of salt is added to the left side of the chamber. Which of the following will happen? water will move toward the right side salt will move toward the right side water will move toward the left side salt will move toward the left side 5. The lipid bilayer keeps the inside of the cell membrane: bipolar protein saturated dry wet 6. Which of the following could be found in BOTH the nucleus and the cytoplasm nucleolus ribosomes RNA both RNA & ribosomes 7. Amino acid chains built by the ribosomes then move to the: golgi apparatus lysosome endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria 8. Which of the following structures has a 9 + 2 arrangement? flagella ribosome mitochondria golgi apparatus 9. The centriole is most like the: lysosome flagella mitochondria chromatin 10. Which of the following is composed of a large and a small subunit? golgi apparatus endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria ribosome 11. A cell that is missing lysosomes would have difficulty doing what? digesting food storing energy packaging proteins moving cytoplasm 12. Which of the following cell parts is described as a “fluid mosaic”? chloroplast vacuole cell membrane endoplasmic reticulum 13. Some cells take in large molecules through the process of: protein synthesis endocytosis cytoplasmic streaming ATP 14. Which of the following organelles would NOT be found in a plant cell? chloroplast DNA food vacuole cell membrane Score = Correct answers: