Biology Junction Team - BIOLOGY JUNCTION

Quiz Cells

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Cells

True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
	1.	Robert Hooke observed cork cells under a microscope.
	2.	Anton van Leeuwenhoek concluded that all plants are composed of cells.
	3.	All living things are composed of many cells.
	4.	A cell is the smallest unit that can carry on all the processes of life.
	5.	Inside smaller cells, materials and information can be transported more quickly.
	6.	Membranes are selectively permeable if they allow only certain substances to diffuse across them.
	7.	Lysosomes carry on cellular respiration.
	8.	Microtubules and microfilaments form the cytoskeleton of cells.
	9.	Colonial organisms differ from single-celled organisms in that each cell cannot support its own existence.
Completion Complete each sentence or statement.
	10.	The statement that “cells are produced only from existing cells” is part of the ____________________.
	11.	The ratio of surface area to volume puts limitations on a cell’s ____________________.
	12.	Eukaryotic cells are much larger and have more specialized functions than prokaryotic cells because they contain ____________________ which take up space and carry out specialized activities.
	13.	A cell with a well-defined nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane is called a(n) ____________________ cell.
	14.	A cell membrane is said to be ____________________ permeable because it allows the passage of some solutes and not others.
	15.	____________________ molecules have “heads” and “tails” and are found in the cell membrane.
	16.	Scientists have discovered that cells contain smaller specialized structures known as ____________________.
	17.	The spherical organelles that are the site of protein synthesis in a cell are the ____________________.
	18.	The meshlike network of protein fibers that supports the shape of the cell is called the ____________________.
	19.	The fluid portion of the cytoplasm is called the ____________________.
	20.	Photosynthesis takes place in the ____________________ of plant cells.

Quiz DNA

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Quiz DNA

True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
	1.	Despite years of research, the actual structure of the DNA molecule is still unknown.
	2.	Franklin’s X-ray diffraction images suggested that the DNA molecule resembled a tightly coiled spring, a shape called a helix.
	3.	In all living things, DNA replication must occur after cell division.
	4.	Multiple DNA polymerases may become attached to more than one portion of a DNA molecule at once, speeding up the rate of replication.
	5.	Before a DNA molecule can replicate itself, it must make itself more compact. This is accomplished by the double helix coiling up on itself.
Completion Complete each sentence or statement.
	6.	A DNA subunit composed of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base is called a(n) ____________________.
	7.	The name of the five-carbon sugar that makes up a part of the backbone of molecules of DNA is ____________________.
	8.	Watson and Crick determined that DNA molecules have the shape of a(n) ____________________.
	9.	Due to the strict pairing of nitrogen base pairs in DNA molecules, the two strands are said to be ____________________ to each other.
	10.	According to base-pairing rules, adenine pairs with ____________________ and guanine pairs with ____________________.
	11.	The enzyme that is responsible for replicating molecules of DNA by attaching complementary bases in the correct sequence is ____________________.
	12.	Enzymes called ____________________ are responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds that hold the complementary strands together.
	13.	The process by which DNA copies itself is called ____________________.
	14.	Molecules of ____________________ carry instructions for protein synthesis from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
	15.	The nitrogen-containing base that is found only in RNA is ____________________.
	16.	The enzyme responsible for making RNA is called ____________________.
	17.	The form of ribonucleic acid that carries genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes is ____________________.

Quiz Protein Synthesis

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Protein Synthesis

Completion Complete each sentence or statement.
	1.	In eukaryotes, gene expression is related to the coiling and uncoiling of ____________________.
	2.	A DNA subunit composed of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base is called a(n) ____________________.
	3.	The name of the five-carbon sugar that makes up a part of the backbone of molecules of DNA is ____________________.
	4.	Knowing the order of the bases in a gene permits scientists to determine the exact order of the amino acids in the expressed ____________________.
	5.	Due to the strict pairing of nitrogen base pairs in DNA molecules, the two strands are said to be ____________________ to each other.
	6.	According to base-pairing rules, adenine pairs with ____________________ and guanine pairs with ____________________.
	7.	The enzyme that is responsible for replicating molecules of DNA by attaching complementary bases in the correct sequence is ____________________.
	8.	Enzymes called ____________________ are responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds that hold the complementary strands together.
	9.	The process by which DNA copies itself is called ____________________.
	10.	Molecules of ____________________ carry instructions for protein synthesis from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
	11.	The nitrogen-containing base that is found only in RNA is ____________________.
	12.	The enzyme responsible for making RNA is called ____________________.
	13.	The form of ribonucleic acid that carries genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes is ____________________.
	14.	A ____________________ is a sequence of DNA at the beginning of a gene that signals RNA polymerase to begin transcription.
	15.	Messenger RNA is produced during the process of ____________________.
	16.	Of the 64 codons of mRNA, 61 code for ____________________, 3 are ____________________ signals, and one is a ____________________ signal.
	17.	Nucleotide sequences of tRNA that are complementary to codons on mRNA are called ____________________.
	18.	The sequence of three nucleotides that code for specific amino acids or stop signals in the synthesis of protein is called a(n) ____________________.
	19.	The information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA is used to make protein during the process of ____________________.
	20.	During translation, amino acids are brought to the ribosomes by molecules of ____________________.

Sponges & Cnidarians Study Guide

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Sponges & Cnidarians Quiz

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Refer to the illustration above. Which organism is most closely related to a jellyfish?

a.	1	c.	3
b.	2	d.	4

Which of the following distinguishes sponges from other invertebrates?

a.	They are not motile in any stage of their life cycle.
b.	They obtain nutrients by diffusion rather than by ingestion.
c.	Their cells are not organized into tissues.
d.	They reproduce only asexually.

Sponges

a.	are nonsymmetrical.
b.	lack organization into tissues and organs.
c.	possess cells that are capable of recognizing other sponge cells.
d.	All of the above

Collar cells

a.	are specialized for reproduction.
b.	draw water into the body of a sponge.
c.	produce cytochrome oxidase.
d.	are parasitic protozoa.

Spicules are

a.	flexible protein fibers.
b.	hard spike-like structures in the wall of a sponge.
c.	similar to seeds; a complete sponge can grow from each spicule.
d.	used for taking in food and water.

Adult sponges

a.	have body walls with many pores.
b.	possess true tissues.
c.	are active swimmers.
d.	use stinging cells to capture prey.

Skeletal support in sponges may be provided by

a.	spicules of calcium carbonate.
b.	spicules of silicon dioxide.
c.	fibers called spongin.
d.	All of the above

Sponges obtain food

a.	through photosynthesis.
b.	by using their spicules to paralyze protozoa.
c.	by filtering small organisms from the water.
d.	with their spongin.

In sponges, currents that draw water through the organism are created by

a.	amoebocytes.	c.	gemmules.
b.	collar cells.	d.	spicules.

10.

The cells that move throughout the sponge’s body wall to deliver food to the organism’s cells are called

a.	amoebocytes.	c.	gemmules.
b.	choanocytes.	d.	spicules.

11.

Water leaves the interior of a sponge through the

a.	food vacuoles.	c.	body wall.
b.	spicules.	d.	osculum.

12.

collar cell : water ::

a.	amoebocyte : nutrients and wastes
b.	spongin : food
c.	spicule : water
d.	osculum : mesenchyme

13.

The gemmules of sponges

a.	create water currents for feeding.
b.	are equivalent to the sperm cells of higher animals.
c.	are equivalent to the egg cells of higher animals.
d.	are necessary for one form of asexual reproduction.

14.

Hermaphroditic organisms

a.	reproduce only by asexual means.
b.	produce both eggs and sperm.
c.	have gemmules that are fertilized by amoebocytes.
d.	possess only male amoebocytes.

15.

Hermaphrodism is advantageous in sponges because

a.	they reproduce asexually.
b.	they have gemmules.
c.	they are sessile.
d.	None of the above is true; hermaphrodism does not occur in sponges.

16.

Sponges can reproduce

a.	by the budding of new sponges from the parent.
b.	by a breakup of the original parent into fragments that each become a new sponge.
c.	sexually, using sperm and eggs.
d.	All of the above

17.

some freshwater sponges : gemmules ::

a.	hermaphrodites : eggs and sperm
b.	gemmules : eggs
c.	gemmules : sperms
d.	amoebocytes : eggs

18.

Refer to the illustration above. Which organism captures its prey using nematocysts?

a.	1	c.	3
b.	2	d.	4

19.

Many cnidarians have two distinct life stages,

a.	the gametophyte and the sporophyte.
b.	the polyp and the medusa.
c.	the egg and the adult.
d.	the egg and the larva.

20.

Nematocysts

a.	contain harpoonlike structures called cnidocytes.
b.	create water currents in sponges.
c.	can spear a cnidarian’s prey.
d.	are found in most predatory ctenophores.

21.

The cnidarian’s inner layer of tissue is specialized for

a.	digestion.	c.	capturing prey.
b.	reproduction.	d.	All of the above

22.

The outer cell layer of a cnidarian is the

a.	ectoderm.	c.	endoderm.
b.	mesoglea.	d.	epidermis.

23.

Which of the following is a characteristic associated only with cnidarians?

a.	a digestive tract with a single opening
b.	cnidocytes specialized for defense and capturing prey
c.	choanocytes containing nematocysts
d.	a parasitic life cycle

24.

sponges : fewer than three body layers ::

a.	ctenophores : no body symmetry
b.	sponges : bilateral symmetry
c.	cnidarians : nerve net
d.	cnidarians : choanocytes

25.

The phylum Cnidaria includes all of the following except

a.	jellyfish.	c.	sea anemones.
b.	squids.	d.	corals.

26.

Planula larvae of scyphozoans

a.	result from fertilization of eggs by sperm.
b.	swim freely through the water.
c.	settle to the ocean bottom and grow into polyps.
d.	All of the above

27.

The hydra is unique among the hydrozoans because it

a.	is an active swimmer.
b.	lives in colonies.
c.	is strictly a marine species.
d.	has no medusa stage.

28.

Which of the following is not sessile as an adult?

a.	sponge
b.	coral
c.	sea anemone
d.	Portuguese man-of-war

29.

Sea anemones are

a.	medusae.	c.	larvae.
b.	polyps.	d.	eggs.

The diagram below illustrates the life cycle of the jellyfish.

30.

Refer to the illustration above. Which stage is called a planula?

a.	1	c.	3
b.	2	d.	None of the above

31.

Refer to the illustration above. Which stage reproduces asexually?

a.	1	c.	3
b.	2	d.	None of the above

32.

Anthozoans include

a.	jellyfish.
b.	hydras.
c.	the Portuguese man-of-war.
d.	sea anemones and corals.

33.

Scyphozoans, such as jellyfish, spend most of their lives as

a.	polyps.	c.	corals.
b.	medusae.	d.	parasites.

34.

The class of cnidarians that typically live only as polyps is the

a.	Anthozoa.	c.	Scyphozoa.
b.	Hydrozoa.	d.	None of the above

35.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of ctenophores?

a.	bioluminescence
b.	movement by means of beating cilia
c.	use of cnidocytes to capture prey
d.	hermaphrodism

Completion
Complete each statement.

36.

____________________ is drawn into a sponge through pores and leaves through the osculum.

37.

A network of tough, flexible protein fibers called ____________________ provides support in some sponges.

38.

Spike-like objects that make up the skeleton of some sponges are called ____________________.

39.

A sponge’s ____________________ may be composed of either calcium carbonate or silicon dioxide.

40.

Food molecules are carried throughout a sponge’s body by ____________________.

41.

Food-filled balls of amoebocytes that are involved in asexual reproduction in sponges are called ____________________.

42.

An organism that produces both eggs and sperm is called a(n) ____________________.

43.

A free-floating, gelatinous body form of a cnidarian is called a(n) ____________________, while an attached body form is called a(n) ____________________.

44.

Cnidarians have two cell layers, the epidermis and the ____________________.

45.

A coral is a member of the class ____________________.

46.

Ctenophores are the largest organisms that move by the beating of ____________________.

Biomes of the World

%CODE1% Biomes of the World

Find each term and then number and define it on the back of this sheet.

ABIOTIC	BIOME	BIOTIC
CARNIVORE	CONSUMER	DECIDUOUS
DESERT	FRESHWATER	GRASSLAND
HERBIVORE	INTERTIDAL	MARINE
OMNIVORE	PRODUCER	RAINFOREST
SAVANNA	TAIGA	TUNDRA