Author: Biology Junction Team

Protist Study Guide

%CODE1%

Javascript not enabled

Name: 

Protist Quiz

 

 

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.  If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
 1.
The kingdom Protista contains the eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi. _________________________
 2.
Sexual reproduction with spores evolved in protists. _________________________
 3.
Tissues, organs, and organ systems evolved in unicellular protists. _________________________
 4.
Sexual reproduction allows Chlamydomonas to delay development of new organisms until environmental conditions are favorable. _________________________
 5.
Amoebas move by means of pseudopodia. _________________________
 6.
Diatoms are the only type of protists with single shells. _________________________
 7.
Paramecium takes in food through its contractile vacuole. _________________________
 8.
Cellular slime molds form a mass of cytoplasm that has many nuclei. _________________________
 9.
Protists have an important effect on humans because they cause disease. _________________________
 10.
Malaria is caused by the protist Plasmodium and is spread by the bite of certain fleas. _________________________
 11.
Carrageenan is a product made by protists that is used to flavor many food products. _________________________
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 12.
Which of the following is not true about some or all protists?
a.
 unicellular and heterotrophic
c.
 multicellular and autotrophic
b.
 unicellular and autotrophic
d.
 multicellular and prokaryotic
 13.
The kingdom Protista does not include
a.
 most of the single-celled eukaryotes.
c.
 multicellular seaweed.
b.
 slime and water molds.
d.
 prokaryotes.
 14.
Which of the following characteristics did not evolve in the Kingdom Protista?
a.
 unicellularity
c.
 membrane-bound organelles
b.
 gametes
d.
 complex cilia and flagella
 15.
sexual reproduction : diversity ::
a.
 flagella : cilia
c.
 green algae : flagella
b.
 multicellularity : tissues
d.
 unicellularity : protists
 16.
Eukaryotes that lack the features of animals, plants, or fungi are classified in the kingdom
a.
 Archaebacteria.
c.
 Protista.
b.
 Plantae.
d.
 Animalia.
 17.
You have been given an unknown organism to identify. You find that it is unicellular and has a cell wall. Which of the following must it also have?
a.
 chloroplasts
c.
 pseudopodia
b.
 asexual reproduction
d.
 one or more flagella
 18.
When Chlamydomonas reproduces sexually, it divides by mitosis, producing
a.
 zygospores.
c.
 haploid gametes.
b.
 diploid gametes.
d.
 zoospores.
 19.
Zoospores are
a.
 produced as a result of meiosis.
c.
 produced as a result of mitosis.
b.
 diploid.
d.
 all parasitic.
 20.
The haploid, gamete-producing phase in the life cycle of some multicellular protists is known as the
a.
 zygospore generation.
c.
 conjugation generation.
b.
 gametophyte generation.
d.
 sporophyte generation.
 21.
The marine green alga Ulva reproduces sexually by
a.
 alternation of generations.
c.
 mitosis.
b.
 conjugation.
d.
 aggregation.
 22.
Pseudopodia are used for
a.
 Paramecium conjugation.
c.
 Euglena reproduction.
b.
 movement by amoebas.
d.
 Paramecium mitosis.
 23.
Amoebas capture food by
a.
 engulfing it.
c.
 trapping it with flagella.
b.
 using cilia.
d.
 taking it into an oral groove.
 24.
When an individual diatom gets too small because of repeated division, it
a.
 grows to full size in its existing shell.
b.
 slips out of its shell, grows to full size, and regenerates a new shell.
c.
 slips out of its shell, grows to full size, and reinhabits its old shell.
d.
 slips out of its shell and lives the rest of its life without a shell.
 25.
Algae are
a.
 sometimes heterotrophic.
b.
 always microscopic in size.
c.
 found in fresh water, salt water, and damp soil.
d.
 found only in fresh water.
 26.
Red algae
a.
 are multicellular.
c.
 have eyespots.
b.
 are unicellular.
d.
 have double shells.
 27.
Euglenoids are examples of protists that
a.
 can be both autotrophic and heterotrophic.
b.
 are only parasitic heterotrophs.
c.
 are always autotrophic.
d.
 swim away from light.
 28.
dinoflagellates : flagella ::
a.
 amoebas : pseudopodia
c.
 ciliates : pseudopodia
b.
 sporozoans : flagella
d.
 amoebas : flagella
 29.
The process in which two Paramecia come together to exchange parts of their genetic material is called
a.
 mitosis.
c.
 pollination.
b.
 replication.
d.
 conjugation.
nar001-1.jpg
 30.
Refer to the illustration above. Excess water in the body of the Paramecium is forced back out by the structure labeled
a.
 A
c.
 D
b.
 C
d.
 E
 31.
Refer to the illustration above. The structure that contains the cell’s chromosomes is labeled
a.
 A
c.
 C
b.
 B
d.
 E
 32.
Refer to the illustration above. Structure C is the
a.
 macronucleus.
c.
 oral groove.
b.
 contractile vacuole.
d.
 micronucleus.
 33.
Refer to the illustration above. The structure that controls routine cellular functions is labeled
a.
 A
c.
 C
b.
 B
d.
 D
 34.
Funguslike protists reproduce by releasing
a.
 gametes.
c.
 zoospores.
b.
 spores.
d.
 plasmodia.
 35.
Giardiasis is a disease that is spread
a.
 by direct person-to-person contact.
c.
 through contaminated water.
b.
 through the air.
d.
 by the Anopheles mosquito.
 36.
Chagas disease is spread by
a.
 kissing bugs.
c.
 contaminated food.
b.
 mosquitoes.
d.
 contaminated water.
 37.
Which of the following is not a human disease caused by a protist?
a.
 amebic dysentery
c.
 malaria
b.
 toxoplasmosis
d.
 tuberculosis.
 38.
giardiasis : contaminated water ::
a.
 amebic dysentery : mosquito
c.
 malaria : mosquito
b.
 amebic dysentery : giardiasis
d.
 malaria : food contamination
 39.
The protist that causes malaria reproduces in the
a.
 intestine of a human.
c.
 red blood cells of a human.
b.
 red blood cells of a mosquito.
d.
 stinger of a mosquito.
 40.
Malaria is caused by several species of
a.
 Toxoplasma.
c.
 Giardia.
b.
 Phytophthora.
d.
 Plasmodium.
 41.
The stage in the life cycle of Plasmodium in which it lives in mosquitoes and is injected into humans is called the
a.
 gametophyte.
c.
 sporophyte.
b.
 sporozoite.
d.
 zoospore.
 42.
Symbiotic protists live in all of the following organisms except
a.
 termites.
c.
 cattle.
b.
 corals.
d.
 bacteria.
 43.
Protists that play an important role in aquatic food webs are called
a.
 plankton.
c.
 anchovies.
b.
 lichens.
d.
 cyanobacteria.
 44.
The evolution of the plant kingdom can be inferred by studying
a.
 green algae.
c.
 red algae.
b.
 brown algae.
d.
 dinoflagellates.
 45.
A mass of cytoplasm that has many nuclei is a(n)
a.
 spore.
c.
 colony.
b.
 plasmodium.
d.
 amoeba.
 46.
A protist that almost destroyed the entire potato crop in Ireland in 1846 is a
a.
 plasmodial slime mold.
c.
 dinoflagellate.
b.
 cellular slime mold.
d.
 water mold.
 47.
A downy mildew gets nutrients by
a.
 photosynthesis.
b.
 absorbing them from the environment.
c.
 making them from inorganic chemicals.
d.
 making them from organic building blocks.
 48.
When an algal bloom dies, the bacteria that decompose the algae
a.
 deplete carbon dioxide levels in the water.
b.
 kill the plankton population.
c.
 deplete oxygen levels in the water.
d.
 kill fish.
 49.
A protist used by scientists to study cell movement and cell signaling is a
a.
 dinoflagellate.
c.
 paramecium.
b.
 diatom.
d.
 slime mold.
 50.
Agar is a product used to grow bacteria. Agar comes from
a.
 bacteria.
c.
 diatoms.
b.
 algae.
d.
 amoebas.
 

Completion
Complete each statement.
 51.
Two important features that evolved in the protists were multicellularity and sexual reproduction with the production of ____________________.
 52.
The evolution of ____________________ allowed single-celled organisms to perform many functions at the same time.
 53.
When ______________________________ evolved, protists could become genetically diverse.
 54.
Although protists are diverse, they are all ____________________.
Life Cycle of Chlamydomonas
nar002-1.jpg
 55.
Refer to the illustration above. Arrow B is pointing to a ____________________ in the life cycle.
 56.
Refer to the illustration above. Arrow A is pointing to ____________________ in the life cycle.
 57.
According to the illustration above, Chlamydomonas reproduces both sexually and ____________________.
 58.
Some protists undergo sexual reproduction only at times of environmental ____________________.
 59.
Ulva is characterized by two distinct multicellular phases: a diploid, spore producing phase called the ____________________ generation and a haploid, gamete-producing phase called the ____________________ generation.
nar003-1.jpg
 60.
Refer to the illustration above. The organism shown in A moves and obtains food by means of ____________________.
 61.
Refer to the illustration above. The organism shown in C moves by means of ____________________.
 62.
Refer to the illustration above. The organism shown in B moves by means of ____________________.
 63.
Some amoeboid protists have porous shells called ____________________.
 64.
____________________ have double shells that resemble small boxes with lids.
 65.
The large brown algae that grow along coasts are called ____________________.
 66.
Protists that are strict photoautotrophs are called ____________________.
 67.
Poisonous “red tides” are caused by population explosions of ____________________.
 68.
Brown algae are the only algae that form more than one kind of ____________________.
 69.
Some protists have ____________________ that contain light-sensitive pigments.
 70.
____________________ disease is a protist-caused disease that is transmitted by kissing bugs.
 71.
Disease-causing protists are transmitted mainly by insects or by contaminated ____________________ and ____________________.
 72.
The stage of Plasmodium that infects the liver is called the ____________________; the second stage of the Plasmodium life cycle, which infects red blood cells, is called the ____________________.
 73.
Plantlike protists produce ____________________, which allows most forms of life to live on Earth.
 74.
____________________ are related to green algae and are thought to have evolved from them.
 75.
Funguslike protists resemble fungi in that they reproduce with ____________________ and they ____________________ nutrients from their environment.
 76.
Cellular slime molds usually exist as single-celled amoebas, but they form ____________________ and release ____________________ when food or water is scarce.
 77.
A water mold caused the great potato famine in ____________________ in 1846.
 78.
The empty shells of diatoms are used as ____________________ in cleaning agents.
 79.
Red algae produce carrageenan, which is used in the food industry to ____________________ foods such as ice cream and salad dressings.

 
Check Your Work     Start Over

Seed Plants Study Guide

%CODE1%

Javascript not enabled

Name: 

Seed Plants Quiz

 

 

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.  If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
 1.
A vascular plant’s body is formed from dermal, vascular, and ground tissue systems. _________________________
 2.
The protective layer of cork on a woody stem is a part of the ground tissue system of plants. _________________________
 3.
Root hairs are extensions of the cortex cells that cover a root. _________________________
 4.
Xylem transports water and mineral nutrients in vascular plants. _________________________
 5.
The main function of ground tissue is to conduct water, minerals, and nutrients. _________________________
 6.
Vascular tissue surrounded by ground tissue, which makes up much of the outside of a vascular plant. _________________________
 7.
The main functions of the roots of plants are anchoring the plant and absorbing water and minerals. _________________________
 8.
Herbaceous plants have non-woody stems. _________________________
 9.
Sapwood contains xylem vessels that cannot conduct water. _________________________
 10.
Xylem in heartwood cannot conduct water. _________________________
 11.
A compound leaf has two or more leaflets. _________________________
 12.
A plant embryo’s root develops above the cotyledons. _________________________
 13.
A protective sheath covers the shoot of a sprouting bean seed. _________________________
 14.
The cotyledons of beans are visible above the soil after germination. _________________________
 15.
The cotyledons of a corn seed remain below the soil surface after germination. _________________________
 16.
Plants stop developing once they have matured. _________________________
 17.
Plants add new cells to the tips of their stems and roots, causing them to grow longer. _________________________
 18.
Cell division in meristems decreases the length and width of a plant. _________________________
 19.
Secondary tissues form as a result of cell division in a plant’s apical meristems. _________________________
 20.
Nitrogen is an essential mineral nutrient needed for plant growth and development. _________________________
 21.
Since calcium is a part of cell membranes, it plays a role in the support of a plant’s body. _________________________
 22.
If a plant becomes deficient in magnesium, it will not be able to perform cellular respiration. _________________________
 23.
The availability of light and nutrients affects the rate of plant growth. _________________________
 24.
The movement of water through a plant can be explained by the pressure-flow model. _________________________
 25.
The loss of water by translocation at the leaves helps pull water into the plant at the roots. _________________________
 26.
The rate of water absorption in roots is influenced by the amount of water lost through transpiration. _________________________
 27.
Osmosis between water molecules helps to pull water through a plant’s xylem. _________________________
 28.
The guard cells swell when they take in water, which closes the stomata and allows transpiration to proceed. _________________________
 29.
The movement of sugars into phloem cells requires the process of active transport. _________________________
 30.
The distribution of sugars within a plant is referred to as transpiration. _________________________
 31.
Sugars move in only two directions within the phloem of a plant. _________________________
 32.
Roots function in the storage of excess nutrients in many plants. Therefore, roots are an example of a sink only. _________________________
 33.
In plants, organic nutrients move through the xylem from where they are made to where they are needed. _________________________
 34.
The transport of organic molecules from a leaf to the rest of the plant is called transportation. _________________________
 35.
A hormone is any chemical messenger that is produced in one location and causes a response in another location. _________________________
 36.
Auxins were the first group of plant hormones to be described. _________________________
 37.
The shoots of oat seedlings bend toward light because of auxins produced in their root tips. _________________________
 38.
Cytokinins are hormones that slow the aging of some plant organs such as cut flowers. _________________________
 39.
Seedless fruits are often produced by applying ethylene to developing fruits. _________________________
 40.
Plant shoots grow upward due to a negative gravitropism. _________________________
 41.
Tropisms are the only way that plants respond to environmental stimuli. _________________________
 42.
Tropisms are distinguished from other plant responses to stimuli in that they depend on the direction from which the stimulus comes. _________________________
 43.
The response of a plant to the direction of a touch is called a thigmotropism. _________________________
 44.
The fact that a plant blooms and sets fruit at the same time each year is explained by a heliotropism. _________________________
 45.
The response of a Venus’ flytrap to an insect is an example of a tropism. _________________________
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 46.
Which of the following is not a tissue system of vascular plants?
a.
 vascular tissue
c.
 ground tissue
b.
 dermal tissue
d.
 cuticle tissue
 47.
cuticle : above-ground parts ::
a.
 vascular system : plant
c.
 guard cell : stoma
b.
 sperm : egg
d.
 wax : root system
 48.
The xylem in a plant
a.
 transports food from the leaves.
b.
 transports water and minerals.
c.
 exchanges carbon dioxide with the atmosphere.
d.
 exchanges sugars and starches with leaves.
 49.
The conducting cells of phloem are called
a.
 tracheids.
c.
 sieve plates.
b.
 sieve-tube members.
d.
 vessel-element cells.
The diagram below shows a portion of a plant’s vascular system.
nar001-1.jpg
 50.
Refer to the illustration above. Structure B is known as a
a.
 tracheid.
c.
 vessel element.
b.
 companion cell.
d.
 sieve-tube member.
 51.
Refer to the illustration above. Structure C is a
a.
 tracheid.
c.
 vessel cell.
b.
 companion cell.
d.
 sieve tube member.
 52.
Refer to the illustration above. Which structure allows the cytoplasm of a companion cell to connect to the cytoplasm of a sieve-tube member and allows substances to pass freely from cell to cell?
a.
 A
c.
 D
b.
 C
d.
 E
 53.
Refer to the illustration above. The structure labeled D is
a.
 a companion cell.
c.
 the nucleus of a companion cell.
b.
 an epidermal cell.
d.
 the chloroplast of an epidermal cell.
 54.
The ground tissue in the center of roots and stems
a.
 turns into meristem.
c.
 provides support.
b.
 transports food.
d.
 germinates at least once a year.
 55.
The ground tissue that is made up of chloroplast-rich cells is located in the
a.
 root.
c.
 stem.
b.
 xylem.
d.
 leaves.
 56.
vascular tissue: transport of fluids ::
a.
 epidermis : support
c.
 dermal tissue : transport of fluids
b.
 dermal tissue : storage
d.
 ground tissue : photosynthesis
 57.
The large central root of a carrot is an example of which type of root system?
a.
 adventitious
c.
 taproot
b.
 aerial
d.
 fibrous
 58.
The root cap
a.
 protects a growing root tip.
c.
 absorbs water.
b.
 stores food in the form of starch.
d.
 contains vascular tissue.
 59.
dermal tissue : root hairs ::
a.
 cellular respiration : photosynthesis
c.
 cork cells : transport of fluids
b.
 vascular tissue : vascular bundle
d.
 internodes : nodes

The diagram below shows the stem of a coleus plant.

nar002-1.jpg
 60.
Refer to the illustration above. The tissue labeled A is called
a.
 meristem.
c.
 phloem.
b.
 xylem.
d.
 ground tissue.
 61.
Refer to the illustration above. The structure labeled C is one of this herbaceous stem’s
a.
 petioles.
c.
 vascular bundles.
b.
 veins.
d.
 pith nodes.
 62.
Refer to the illustration above. The tissue labeled B, which conducts water and is made of elongated cells that connect end to end, is called
a.
 meristem.
c.
 phloem.
b.
 xylem.
d.
 ground tissue.
 63.
The outer layers of ground tissue in a stem are known as the
a.
 sapwood.
c.
 pith.
b.
 nodes.
d.
 cortex.
 64.
The bark on a woody stem is made up of
a.
 xylem and phloem.
c.
 phloem and cork.
b.
 sapwood.
d.
 mesophyll.
 65.
The vascular bundles of dicot stems are arranged
a.
 in rings surrounded by ground tissue.
b.
 scattered throughout ground tissue.
c.
 in pith scattered throughout ground tissue.
d.
 in cortex scattered throughout ground tissue.
 66.
The center region of ground tissue in a herbaceous stem is known as the
a.
 sapwood.
c.
 pith.
b.
 nodes.
d.
 cortex.
 67.
Leaves connect to the stems of plants at the
a.
 lateral buds.
c.
 nodes.
b.
 pith.
d.
 internodes.
 68.
Leaves with an undivided blade are called
a.
 tendrils.
c.
 compound.
b.
 spines.
d.
 simple.
 69.
leaves : carbon dioxide from the air ::
a.
 leaves : water from the air
c.
 roots : carbon dioxide from the air
b.
 roots : light from the air
d.
 roots : nutrients from the soil
 70.
Garden-pea tendrils are specialized leaves for
a.
 photosynthesis.
c.
 respiration.
b.
 climbing.
d.
 absorption.
 71.
The tissue of the leaf mesophyll that is located directly below the upper epidermis and consists of tightly packed column-shaped cells is the
a.
 palisade layer.
c.
 adventitious layer.
b.
 cortex.
d.
 pith.
Four Different Kinds of Leaves

nar003-1.jpg
 72.
Refer to the illustration above. Which of the leaves is a compound leaf?
a.
 leaf a
c.
 leaf c
b.
 leaf b
d.
 leaf d
 73.
Refer to the illustration above. Which of the leaves is most likely to be a leaf from a monocot?
a.
 leaf a
c.
 leaf c
b.
 leaf b
d.
 leaf d
The diagram below shows a leaf cross section.

nar004-1.jpg
 74.
Refer to the illustration above. The vein illustrated is made up of
a.
 only xylem vessels.
c.
 both xylem and phloem vessels.
b.
 only phloem vessels.
d.
 neither xylem nor phloem vessels.
 75.
Refer to the illustration above. The spongy layer is indicated by the letter
a.
 A.
c.
 C.
b.
 B.
d.
 D.
 76.
Refer to the illustration above. All of the following relate to structure A except that it
a.
 is the cuticle.
c.
 covers the epidermis.
b.
 protects the leaf.
d.
 conducts photosynthesis.
 77.
The first sign of germination is the emergence of the embryo’s
a.
 shoot.
c.
 stem.
b.
 root.
d.
 flowers.
 78.
Plants grow in regions of active cell division called
a.
 meristems.
c.
 phloem.
b.
 xylem.
d.
 dermal tissue.
 79.
Meristems are found
a.
 only at the tips of roots.
c.
 at the tips of roots and shoots.
b.
 only at the tips of shoots.
d.
 at the center of roots and shoots.
 80.
Plant development is similar to animal development because
a.
 a plant continues to develop throughout its life.
b.
 plants are more strongly influenced by the environment.
c.
 newly formed plant cells differentiate to form specialized tissues.
d.
 plant development can be reversed.
 81.
During periods of primary growth at apical meristems, stems and roots
a.
 become wider.
c.
 maintain a constant number of cells.
b.
 become longer.
d.
 undergo meiosis.
nar005-1.jpg
 82.
Refer to the illustration above. Outer bark is produced by
a.
 layer 2.
c.
 layer 5.
b.
 layer 4.
d.
 layer 7.
 83.
Refer to the illustration above. The cells that produce the secondary xylem are labeled as
a.
 layer 2.
c.
 layer 4.
b.
 layer 3.
d.
 layer 5.
 84.
Refer to the illustration above. Secondary xylem is indicated by the cells labeled as
a.
 layer 1.
c.
 layer 5.
b.
 layer 3.
d.
 layer 7.
 85.
Secondary xylem and phloem form from
a.
 cork cambium.
c.
 apical meristems.
b.
 vascular cambium.
d.
 bark.
 86.
In a woody stem, cork cambium
a.
 forms phloem.
c.
 produces the cells of the outer bark.
b.
 forms xylem.
d.
 becomes vascular cambium.
 87.
secondary growth : width ::
a.
 secondary growth : height
c.
 apical meristem : width
b.
 lateral meristem : length
d.
 primary growth : length
 88.
xylem : inner side of vascular cambium ::
a.
 vascular cambium : cork cambium
b.
 outer side of vascular cambium : cork
c.
 phloem : outer side of vascular cambium
d.
 phloem : cork cambium
 89.
Photosynthesis enables plants to produce most of the organic molecules that they need. This process requires the use of all of the following except
a.
 carbon dioxide.
c.
 light.
b.
 water.
d.
 glucose.
 90.
The movement of water through a plant is caused by
a.
 the attraction of water molecules to sugar molecules.
b.
 the force of osmosis drawing water into the roots.
c.
 transpiration from leaves and stems.
d.
 translocation of sugars in the stems.
 91.
The loss of water vapor through the leaves of a plant is called
a.
 translocation.
c.
 active transport.
b.
 osmosis.
d.
 transpiration.
 92.
The guard cells that surround a stoma
a.
 have no walls.
b.
 swell with water, causing the stoma to open.
c.
 shrink when opening the stoma.
d.
 are responsible for translocation.
 93.
The transport of food from the leaves to the rest of the plant is called
a.
 translocation.
c.
 active transport.
b.
 osmosis.
d.
 transpiration.
 94.
One model that explains the movement of sugar in a plant is known as the
a.
 transpiration model.
c.
 pressure-flow model.
b.
 translocation model.
d.
 source-sink model.

      The diagrams below illustrate an experiment that was performed to better understand how plants grow toward the light. Diagram A illustrates the cut tip of a seedling that was put on a block of agar.

nar007-1.jpg
 95.
Refer to the illustration above. The plant growth hormone that was discovered in this experiment is called
a.
 auxin.
c.
 ethylene.
b.
 gibberellin.
d.
 cytokinin.
 96.
Refer to the illustration above. A hormone caused the stem in diagram C to bend by
a.
 exerting a cohesive force on the stem.
b.
 causing cells to reproduce at a greater rate.
c.
 causing cells on one side to elongate.
d.
 translocation.
 97.
A plant hormone that is produced primarily in root tips is
a.
 auxin.
c.
 ethylene.
b.
 cytokinin.
d.
 gibberellin.
 98.
Which of the following hormones normally exists in a gaseous state?
a.
 auxin
c.
 ethylene
b.
 cytokinin
d.
 gibberellin
 99.
All of the following generally cause tropisms in plants except
a.
 light.
c.
 touch.
b.
 gravity.
d.
 heat.
 100.
When vines grow, they often wrap tendrils around objects for support. The tendrils wrap because of
a.
 thigmotropism.
c.
 phototropism.
b.
 gravitropism.
d.
 chance.
Newly Germinated Seedling
nar008-1.jpg
 101.
Refer to the illustration above. Which part of the plant indicates positive phototropism?
a.
 A
c.
 C
b.
 B
d.
 D
 102.
Refer to the illustration above. Which part of the plant indicates positive gravitropism?
a.
 A
c.
 C
b.
 B
d.
 D
 103.
shoots : negative gravitropism ::
a.
 light stimulations : gravitropism
c.
 shoots : negative phototropism
b.
 gravity movements : phototropism
d.
 roots : positive gravitropism
 104.
The response of plants to periods of light and dark is called
a.
 seasonal.
c.
 daily activity.
b.
 photoperiodism.
d.
 nocturnal variation.
 105.
Nastic movements in plants result when
a.
 some cells grow more than others.
b.
 the water content of certain cells changes.
c.
 the plant has been exposed to warm temperatures.
d.
 seasonal conditions change suddenly.
 

Completion
Complete each statement.
 106.
The ____________________ tissue forms the protective outer layer of a plant.
 107.
Dermal tissue functions in ____________________ as well as in protection and the absorption of mineral nutrients.
 108.
Vascular tissues are specialized cells that move ____________________, nutrients, and other materials through the plant body.
 109.
The tissues that transport water, minerals, and nutrients within a plant make up the ____________________ system.
 110.
Narrow, elongated, thick-walled cells that taper at each end and conduct water and mineral nutrients are called ____________________.
 111.
Certain conducting cells in the vascular system cannot perform their functions until they have lost most of their ____________________.
 112.
The ____________________ of plants absorb water and minerals necessary for growth.
 113.
The two main types of root systems are fibrous root systems and ____________________ systems.
 114.
Flexible, soft, and usually green stems are known as ____________________ stems.
 115.
The darker, non-conducting wood in the center of a tree trunk is called ____________________.
 116.
In ____________________ stems, the vascular bundles are arranged in a ring with ground tissue surrounding the ring.
 117.
The broad, flat portion of a typical leaf is called the ____________________.
 118.
In order for seeds to sprout, environmental conditions must be ____________________.
nar006-1.jpg
 119.
Refer to the diagram above. The structure labeled A in the diagram above is called the ____________________.
 120.
Refer to the diagram above. The structure labeled X is called the ____________________.
 121.
Resumption of growth by a plant embryo in a seed is called ____________________.
 122.
Seeds typically enter a period of dormancy before they ____________________.
 123.
The process by which cells become specialized in form and function is called ____________________.
 124.
Plants grow in regions of active cell division at the tips of roots and shoots called ____________________.
 125.
Growth that occurs from the formation of new cells at the tip of a plant is called ____________________.
 126.
Plant tissues that result from primary growth are called ____________________.
 127.
Cell division in the parts of plants called ____________________ add layers of new cells around the outside of a plant’s body.
 128.
Wood consists primarily of ____________________ cells.
 129.
The thickening of a plant body by the production of new xylem and phloem is called ____________________ growth.
 130.
A lateral meristem that produces secondary vascular tissue is called the ____________________.
 131.
A lateral meristem that produces the cork cells of the outer bark is called the ____________________.
 132.
The process that causes a plant to increase in width is called ____________________.
 133.
Raw materials required by plants are carbon dioxide, water, oxygen, and ____________________ nutrients.
 134.
Nitrogen is an important component of proteins, ____________________, chlorophylls, and coenzymes.
 135.
ATP contains the mineral nutrient ____________________.
 136.
As water evaporates from the surface of leaves, more water is ____________________ up the plant.
 137.
When the guard cells that surround a stoma lose water, the stoma ____________________.
 138.
Changes in ____________________ within the guard cells cause stoma to open and close.
 139.
Transpiration ____________________ when stomata close.
 140.
The transport of organic molecules from the leaves to the rest of the plant is called ____________________.
 141.
The leaves of plants are categorized as ____________________ because they are the primary photosynthetic organs.
 142.
Organic nutrients in plants move from a(n) ____________________ to a(n) ____________________.
 143.
A(n) ____________________ is a chemical produced in one part of an organism and transported to another part of the organism, where it causes a response.
 144.
____________________ is a hormone that stimulates fruits to ripen.
 145.
The bending of a plant’s stem toward light is an example of a _________________________.
 146.
A growth response of plants in which the direction of growth is determined by the direction from which a stimulus comes is called a(n) ____________________.
 147.
Because of ____________________, the seeds and buds of many plants delay growth until they have been exposed to a certain number of hours of cold temperatures.
 148.
A long-day plant will flower when ____________________ are shorter than a specific number of hours.
 149.
Nastic movements are plant responses that are ____________________ of the direction from which the stimulus comes.
 150.
The rapid folding of the leaves of a sensitive plant are the result of a(n) ____________________.

 
Check Your Work     Start Over

Sponges and Cnidarians

%CODE1%

Name: 

Sponges and Cnidarians

 

 

True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
1.
Sponges are filter feeders.
2.
Sponges are capable of total regeneration, even from the smallest pieces of their bodies.
3.
Polyps are a body form of cnidarians that are specialized for swimming.
4.
Cnidarians are characterized by stinging nematocysts.
5.
The life cycle of anthozoans includes medusae, planulae, and polyps.
6.
Ctenophores lack a nervous system that coordinates their activities, so their movements are erratic.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

     

7.
Refer to the illustration above. Which organism in the diagrams is most closely related to a jellyfish?
a.
Organism “A”
c.
Organism “C”
b.
Organism “B”
d.
Organism “D”
8.
Spicules are
a.
flexible protein fibers.
b.
hard needle-like structures in the wall of a sponge.
c.
similar to seeds; a complete sponge can grow from each spicule.
d.
used for taking in food and water.
9.
Skeletal support in sponges may be provided by
a.
spicules of calcium carbonate.
c.
spongin fibers.
b.
spicules of silicon dioxide.
d.
All of the above
10.
Sponges obtain food
a.
by photosynthesis.
b.
by using their spicules to paralyze protozoa.
c.
by filtering small organisms from the water.
d.
with spongin.
11.
In sponges, currents that draw water through the organism are created by
a.
amoebocytes.
c.
gemmules.
b.
collar cells.
d.
spicules.
12.
Hermaphroditic organisms
a.
reproduce only by asexual means.
b.
produce both eggs and sperm.
c.
have gemmules that are fertilized by amoebocytes.
d.
possess only male amoebocytes.
13.
Sponges can reproduce
a.
by the budding of new sponges from the parent.
b.
by a breakup of the original parent into fragments that each become a new sponge.
c.
sexually, using the production of sperm and eggs.
d.
All of the above
14.
freshwater sponges : gemmules ::
a.
hermaphrodites : eggs and sperm
c.
gemmules : sperms
b.
gemmules : eggs
d.
amoebocytes : eggs
      sponges_and_cnidari_files/i0180000.jpg
15.
Refer to the illustration above. Which organism in the diagrams captures its prey using nematocysts?
a.
Organism “A”
c.
Organism “C”
b.
Organism “B”
d.
Organism “D”
16.
The outer cell layer of a cnidarian is the
a.
ectoderm.
c.
endoderm.
b.
mesoglea.
d.
epidermis.
17.
The phylum Cnidaria includes all of the following except
a.
jellyfish.
c.
sea anemones.
b.
squids.
d.
corals.
18.
Sea anemones are
a.
medusae.
c.
larvae.
b.
polyps.
d.
eggs.
The diagram below illustrates the life cycle of the jellyfish.
     
19.
Refer to the illustration above. Which stage is called a planula?
a.
Stage “1”
c.
Stage “3”
b.
Stage “2”
d.
None of the above
20.
Anthozoans include organisms known as
a.
jellyfish.
c.
Portuguese men-of-war.
b.
hydras.
d.
sea anemones and corals.


Check Your Work     Reset

 

 

Biomes of the World

%CODE1% Biomes of the World

 

T S O V C D A R P R L V T T S
Q S L U E I E B E G A L U D R
X T E S S M T T I V D E N B T
N A E R U E A O V O I M D H K
Z R U S O W R J I N T O R E R
T M N T H F C O H B R I A R E
S O L S N H N A V C E B C B C
C P E R F K Q I R I T A F I U
N R S A V A N N A N N Y C V D
F E N I R A M F D R I M U O O
G R A S S L A N D Z A V O R R
S U O U D I C E D G N J O E P
O H Z G L J Y X I B Y X F R W
U C T C T N Y A Q B A J S U E
X N B S O O T D E K P T N B X

Find each term and then number and define it on the back of this sheet.

 

ABIOTIC BIOME BIOTIC
CARNIVORE CONSUMER DECIDUOUS
DESERT FRESHWATER GRASSLAND
HERBIVORE INTERTIDAL MARINE
OMNIVORE PRODUCER RAINFOREST
SAVANNA TAIGA TUNDRA

 

 

 

 

 

Protein Synthesis Study Guide

%CODE1%

Javascript not enabled

Name: 

 

Protein Synthesis Study Guide

 

 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 1.
What did Griffith observe when he injected into mice a mixture of heat-killed disease-causing bacteria and live harmless bacteria?
a.
 The disease-causing bacteria changed into harmless bacteria.
b.
 The mice developed pneumonia.
c.
 The harmless bacteria died.
d.
 The mice were unaffected.
 2.
Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
a.
 ribose + phosphate group + thymine
b.
 ribose + phosphate group + uracil
c.
 deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil
d.
 deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
 3.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a.
 each with two new strands.
b.
 one with two new strands and the other with two original strands.
c.
 each with one new strand and one original strand.
d.
 each with two original strands.
 4.
During mitosis, the
a.
 DNA molecules unwind.
b.
 histones and DNA molecules separate.
c.
 DNA molecules become more tightly coiled.
d.
 nucleosomes become less tightly packed.
 5.
Unlike DNA, RNA contains
a.
 adenine.
c.
 phosphate groups.
b.
 uracil.
d.
 thymine.
 6.
Which type(s) of RNA is(are) involved in protein synthesis?
a.
 transfer RNA only
b.
 messenger RNA only
c.
 ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA only
d.
 messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA
 7.
During transcription, an RNA molecule is formed
a.
 that is complementary to both strands of DNA.
b.
 that is complementary to neither strand of DNA.
c.
 that is double-stranded.
d.
 inside the nucleus.
 8.
How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids?
a.
 3
c.
 9
b.
 6
d.
 12
 9.
Which of the following terms is LEAST closely related to the others?
a.
 intron
c.
 polypeptide
b.
 tRNA
d.
 anticodon
 10.
Which type of RNA functions as a blueprint of the genetic code?
a.
 rRNA
c.
 mRNA
b.
 tRNA
d.
 RNA polymerase
 11.
Which of the following is NOT a gene mutation?
a.
 inversion
c.
 deletion
b.
 insertion
d.
 substitution
 12.
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a.
 Mutations do not occur in hox genes.
b.
 Hox genes that are found in different animals are very different from each other.
c.
 Hox genes control the normal development of an animal.
d.
 Hox genes occur in clusters.
 13.
Avery’s experiments showed that bacteria are transformed by
a.
 RNA.
c.
 proteins.
b.
 DNA.
d.
 carbohydrates.
 14.

Figure 12-5 shows the structure of a(an)

mc014-1.jpg

 

Figure 12–5

a.
 DNA molecule.
c.
 RNA molecule.
b.
 amino acid.
d.
 protein.
 15.
DNA is copied during a process called
a.
 replication.
c.
 transcription.
b.
 translation.
d.
 transformation.
 16.
In eukaryotes, DNA
a.
 is located in the nucleus.
c.
 is located in the ribosomes.
b.
 floats freely in the cytoplasm.
d.
 is circular.
 17.
RNA contains the sugar
a.
 ribose.
c.
 glucose.
b.
 deoxyribose.
d.
 lactose.
 18.
Which RNA molecule carries amino acids?
a.
 messenger RNA
c.
 ribosomal RNA
b.
 transfer RNA
d.
 RNA polymerase
 19.
What is produced during transcription?
a.
 RNA molecules
c.
 RNA polymerase
b.
 DNA molecules
d.
 proteins
 20.

What does Figure 12-6 show?

mc020-1.jpg

Figure 12-6

a.
 anticodons
b.
 the order in which amino acids are linked
c.
 the code for splicing mRNA
d.
 the genetic code
 21.
What happens during the process of translation?
a.
 Messenger RNA is made from DNA.
b.
 The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.
c.
 Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNA.
d.
 Copies of DNA molecules are made.
 22.
Genes contain instructions for assembling
a.
 purines.
c.
 proteins.
b.
 nucleosomes.
d.
 pyrimidines.
 23.
A mutation that involves a single nucleotide is called a(an)
a.
 chromosomal mutation.
c.
 point mutation.
b.
 inversion.
d.
 translocation.
 

Completion
Complete each statement.
 24.

The structure labeled X in Figure 12-1 is a(an) ____________________.

co024-1.jpg

 

Figure 12–1
 25.
The order of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines the order of ____________________ in proteins.
 26.
There is no ____________________ that is specified by a stop codon on an mRNA molecule.
 27.
The lac repressor releases the operator in the presence of ____________________.
 28.
In eukaryotes, proteins that attract RNA polymerase bind to ____________________ sequences in DNA.
 29.
According to the principle of ____________________, hydrogen bonds can form only between adenine and thymine, and between guanine and cytosine.
 30.
Chromatin contains proteins called ____________________.
 31.

In Figure 12-7, A, B, and C are three types of ____________________.

co031-1.jpg

 

Figure 12–7
 32.
After introns are cut out of an RNA molecule, the remaining ____________________ are spliced back together to form the final messenger RNA.
 33.
A mutation in a series of genes, called the ____________________, can change the organs that develop in specific parts of an embryo.
 

Short Answer
 34.
At the beginning of DNA replication, what two processes “unzip” the two strands of a DNA molecule?
 35.

In Figure 12-2, which molecule is tRNA, and what is its function?

sa035-1.jpg

 

Figure 12–2
 36.

According to Figure 12-3, what codons specify the amino acid arginine?

sa036-1.jpg

 

Figure 12–3
 37.
What happens to lac repressors in E. coli when lactose is present?
 38.
What are the three main parts of an RNA nucleotide?
 39.
What must happen to a DNA molecule before RNA polymerase can make RNA?
 40.
What causes translation to stop?
 41.
What is a mutation?
 

Essay
 42.
Describe the structure of a DNA molecule.
 43.
Contrast the functions of the three main types of RNA.
 

Other

USING SCIENCE SKILLS

nar001-1.jpg

 

Figure 12–4
 44.
Interpreting Graphics What process is illustrated in Figure 12-4?
 45.
Interpreting Graphics Identify structure C in Figure 12-4.
 46.
Interpreting Graphics Which labeled structure in Figure 12-4 is a codon?
 47.
Inferring What is the relationship between the codons and anticodons in Figure 12-4? How is this relationship important?
 48.
Predicting In Figure 12-4, what will happen after the ribosome joins the methionine and phenylalanine?

USING SCIENCE SKILLS

nar002-1.jpg

Figure 12–8
 49.
Classifying What general type of mutation results from processes A, B, C, and D in Figure 12-8?
 50.
Interpreting Graphics In Figure 12-8, which process or processes involve two chromosomes?
 51.
Comparing and Contrasting Contrast process A and process B in Figure 12-8.
 52.
Interpreting Graphics During which process in Figure 12-8 does a segment of a chromosome become oriented in the reverse direction?
 53.
Interpreting Graphics In Figure 12-8, which process produces two chromosomes with translocations?

 
Check Your Work     Start Over